mynotes Computer Fundamentals DCA Course.pptx

Basic of computer

1. Computer Fundamentals DCA course

2. What is Computer ? Computer is an electronic device , which can store data , manipulates them and gives output according to the instruction fed in it by the user. It is not only a calculating device , but it stores large amount of data, and takes logical decision.

3. RAM (Random Access Memory): Think of RAM as a computer's short-term memory . It is a type of memory that the computer uses to store data and instructions temporarily while it is actively running programs. RAM is like a desk where you keep your books and papers while you are studying. The more RAM a computer has, the more information it can handle at once, allowing it to run multiple programs smoothly. Example: Imagine you are playing a video game on your computer. The game's graphics, sounds, and other data are loaded into RAM so that the computer can quickly access them while you play. The more RAM your computer has, the faster and smoother the game will run because the computer can store and retrieve the necessary information quickly. ROM (Read-Only Memory): ROM, on the other hand, is a type of memory that stores data that cannot be changed or erased. It contains instructions that are permanently written during the manufacturing process and cannot be modified by the user. ROM is like a poster or a signboard that provides fixed information that cannot be altered. Example: One example of ROM is the firmware in your smartphone. The firmware contains instructions that control the basic operations of the phone, such as booting up, managing the hardware, and providing a user interface. This data is stored in ROM, and you cannot modify it. Another example of ROM is the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in a computer, which contains instructions for starting up the computer. In summary, RAM is the temporary memory used by the computer to run programs and process data, while ROM is a type of memory that stores permanent instructions and data that cannot be changed. RAM is like a study desk where you keep things while you're actively working on them, and ROM is like a signboard with fixed information that cannot be altered.

4. Software System Software Application Software Word Processing Software Web Browser Multimedia Players Graphic Design Application Operating System Device Drivers Utility Programs

5. Functions Of Operating System Memory Management File Management Device Management User Interface Process Management

6. How to assemble a Computer System ?

7. VGA Cable USB cable Ethernet LAN Cable UPS Power Connector

8. PORTS BEHIND CPU

9. Components of Computer

10. Advantages Explanation 1. Increased Efficiency Computers can process information quickly, automate tasks, and perform complex calculations, resulting in increased efficiency. 2. Improved Communication Computers enable easy and fast communication through email, video conferencing, instant messaging, and social media platforms. 3. Enhanced Storage Computers provide vast storage capacities, allowing users to store and access large amounts of data and information easily. 4. Streamlined Workflows Computers facilitate streamlined workflows by organizing and managing data, creating digital documents, and automating processes. 5. Access to Information Computers provide access to a vast amount of information through the internet, making research and learning convenient and efficient. 6. Entertainment and Creativity Computers offer various forms of entertainment, such as gaming, multimedia, and creative software, fostering creativity and leisure activities.

11. Disadvantages Explanation 1. Dependency on Technology Overreliance on computers can lead to issues if there are hardware or software failures, power outages, or technical glitches, impacting productivity. 2. Health Concerns Prolonged computer usage can lead to health issues like eye strain, back and neck pain, and sedentary lifestyle-related problems.     3. Privacy and Security Computers can be vulnerable to cyber threats, such as hacking, malware, and data breaches, compromising personal privacy and information security. 4. Cost Computers and their associated equipment can be expensive to purchase and maintain, requiring investments in hardware, software, and upgrades. 5. Social Isolation Excessive computer use can lead to social isolation, reducing face-to-face interactions and negatively impacting interpersonal relationships. 6. Environmental Impact The production, use, and disposal of computers contribute to electronic waste and environmental concerns, including resource consumption and pollution.

12. Parts of computer I/O DEVICES (INPUT/OUTPUT) CPU (CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT) MEMORY/STORAGE UNIT

13. INPUT DEVICES – KEYBOARD & MOUSE KEYBOARD & MOUSE What are the Uses of Mouse in Computer? 1. Pointer 2. Select 3. Hover 4. Scroll 5. Drag-and-Drop 6. Open & Close Program

14. Central processing unit The central processing unit (CPU) is also known as the brain of the computer ” as it controls the operation of all parts of computer. It takes instructions from both Hardware and Software and performs the calculations (process means calculating anything and answering it) The CPU can be divided into three parts (main component of CPU) Control unit ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) Memory unit/Storage Unit

15. Control unit Performs the task of controlling all the work done in the computer It reads the store data and instruction in the memory unit and tells ALU to perform the operation according to that instruction and information. FUNCTIONS It controls the transfer of data and instruction between other units of the computer It creates coordination between all the units so that all the units can do their respective work well. It takes the instruction from the memory unit and moves the process according to that instruction. It does not process or store the data

16. ARITHMETIC & LOGICAL UNIT ALU is responsible for all arithmetic and logical operations that occur in a computer ALU has two main parts Arithmetic Unit Logic Unit Arithmetic Unit Its function is to perform arithmetic operations like- add, division, fold, event etc. Logic Unit Its functions are to perform logical operations like compare, select, match, etc.

17. How does CPU works? The CPU works in three Steps: Fetching data/instruction Decode data/instruction Execution of data/instructions

18. Fetching data To process any program, first we have to bring that program in RAM After the program enters RAM, the instruction of that program is temporarily stored in the informational register of the memory unit from where the control unit takes those instructions one by one Decode instructions The control unit decodes the data received from the memory unit one by one, that means it understands those instructions and tells ALU to act according to those information Execution of instructions ALU performs mathematical and logical operations based on the information received from the control unit So the CPU works like this and execute our program

19. Bits, bytes, and other units of measure for digital information are units of measurement used to quantify the amount of data in digital form. A bit is the smallest unit of digital information, with a value of either 0 or 1. Think of a bit as a single light switch that can be either off or on, representing either 0 or 1. A byte is a unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits. Think of a byte as 8 light switches, where each switch can be in the off or on state, representing a binary digit of 0 or 1. One byte can represent a single character in text, for example "A" in ASCII code can be represented as 01000001 in binary (8 bits). Other units of measurement for digital information include: Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes Megabyte (MB): 1024 kilobytes Gigabyte (GB): 1024 megabytes Terabyte (TB): 1024 gigabytes For example, a high-resolution photo can range from several megabytes to tens of megabytes in size, while a high-definition movie can range from several gigabytes to tens of gigabytes.