National Service Training Program chapter 6.pptx

Reading material
Participatory planning and implementation

1. Chapter 6: Participatory planning and implementation GOOD AFTERNOON !

2. 2 Planning refers to directing and guiding the people who are involved incertain project. 1. Social planning includes the areas of health, education, housing, and social welfare. 2. Assessment means to gauge the impact of a community project on the social development of a community

3. 3 Participatory Planning It is the process of laying out the courses of action needed to attain a set of socioeconomic goals. It resolves community issues or problem by giving concerned community members the chance to identify problems and propose solutions.

4. 4 Historical Development of Participatory Planning In the 1970s , professional development workers became aware of the mismatch between the rea lity they constructed and the reality others experienced. They were dissatisfied with the short rural visits of development technocrats, who only drop by the offices of, or talk to local male leaders, and disillusioned with question naire surveys and their results. They also acknowledged that people from the provinces knew themselves more about their situations and communities as compared to those from urban communities (Chambers, 1997). Thus, these workers developed new methods and approaches to social planning as an alternative to centralized top-down planning.

5. 5 Principles of Participatory Planning Development should be seen more as a bottom-up than a top-down change. The development process should be managed naturally rather than mechanically. The development process should also strengthen local organizations and local government bureaucracies. The development process should be supported by local institutions with the villages, primary cooperative, religious and youth groups, and community-based and self-help associations playing a major role. The development process should also be based on confidence-building and learning, as well as expertise and training.

6. ― Irene M. Pepperberg 6 Levels of Participation Typology Results 1. Passive The people are told of what will happen or what is taking place. 2. Information-based The people will answer survey team’s questionaire (without follow up) 3. Consultation-based The people will answer a questionaire that is defined or designed by “outsiders” (ex. Non community members)

7. ― Irene M. Pepperberg 7 Levels of Participation Typology Results 4. Incentives-based The people will work for cash, food, or other incentives. 5.Functional The decision made by “outsiders” and interest groups are synthesized to meet the objectives. 6. Interactive Joint analyses, decisions and action plans are made implemented, and monitored by interest groups.

8. ― Irene M. Pepperberg 8 Levels of Participation Typology Results 7. Self-mobilization Initiatives are taken independently from official institutions.

9. 9 A project is described in merriam-webster as a planned undertaking. The initial step to identify the specific acts that must be undertaken to meet a set of objectives. Objectives- describes what the project aims to do and what it is for. Boundaries- specifies the scope and limitations of the project. Location - indentifies where the project will be implemented. Target beneficiaries - state who will benefit from the implementation of the project. Duration - determines the schedule of the project. Budget - itemizes the expected expenses that the project will incur upon its implementation. Methodology - indicates the approach or manner by which the project will be implemented.

10. 10 Project Development Cycle Projects may vary according to their objectives, boundaries, locations, target beneficiaries, duration, and methodologies. However, all projects undergo la process called the project development cycle, which consist of the following stages: Identification Preparation Implementation Evaluation

11. 11 Although the phases may appear sequentially separated, they are, in fact , circular (i.e. , the phases continually interface with each other). 1. Identification - In this stage, a potential project design is organized after having adequate consultations with the different stakeholders of the community . 2. Preparation - Here, the planners determine how and when a chosen project will be implemented. 3. Implementation- Meanwhile, this is the stage where the project I carried out by the planners and the local community members based on a n agreed-upon timetable. 4. Evaluation- in this stage, the planners and the community members determine whether or not the project object ives have been met .

12. 12 Chapter 7: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

13. 13 Monitoring refers to keeping track of the implementation of a project. Monitoring involves the study of the progress of an undertaking in relation to the agreed-upon schedule, resources, and per formance indicator. Moreover, it identifies lagging areas: that require intervention. Monitoring is also defined as the management function guiding the project towards its intended direction and checking the performance of workers using predetermined plans and targets to ensure their timely completion. Furthermore, monitoring is the implementation of effective internal controls that are generally built into daily operational activities . Along with other procedures, monitoring can be in any of the following form. 1. Assessment of one's daily operational activities. 2. Utilization of internal audit personnel or other similar personnel who perform a wide range of functions

14. 14 3. Corresponden ce with third parties 4. Implementation of add itional safeguards Monitoring is a type of process while a project is being implemented. It aims to develop a project design in real time. The information gathered during monitoring is used to make important changes in the project. As an internal activity, it provides constant feedback on the progresses of a project. Evaluation Is the study of project outcome and the factors that led to such an outcome with an aim of improving the design of future projects. Eva luation is therefore, used in selection. Evaluation studies assess the extent to wh ich a certain project can produce certain results (e.g, increase in income as better housing qualify ) and distribute benefits among different groups. It also include a a review of the overall cost effectiveness of the project.

15. 15 Monitoring and evaluation are neither expensive nor compliçated . They do not require specialist or technicians. The complexity of these studies can be adapted to fit the needs of a program. A ccording to Luna and Bawagan (2009) , monitoring is done during the implementation of a program to che ck its progress. The people’s participation and their candid feedback are important during this phase . Some guiding questions used for monitoring are as follows: 1. Was the target of training participants achieved on time? 2. How does the actual number of training participants compare vis-à-vis the target number? 3. Were the required resources available?

16. 16 Meanwhile, evaluation is identifying the effects and outcomes of a project. Conducting an evaluation at the end of a project (summative evaluation) or a few years a fter its imp lementation . (impact evaluation) would i nvolve the following questions: 1. What improvements in the health conditions of the people arose from the health and nutrition project? 2. Did the agricultural project improve the farm yield and income of the people?

17. 17 Monitoring outputs has been a standard practice for a long time. However, it is imperative to ask, “In what way is a project beneficial to its target group?. "What are the outcomes, results, and impacts of a project?" These questions are often neglected because they are difficult to answer. However, comfronting them is essential because the question whether or not a project is beneficial will answer the question of whether or not the purpose of the project is fulfilled. Monitoring Outcomes

18. 18 Monitoring Accountability It has been proven that the continuous monitoring and recording of information regarding the outcome and impact of a project steering because they fine-tune activities, thereby ma ximizing results. Providers are expected to have their projects constantly m onitored and evaluat ed by the project implementers and outside experts. Constant monitoring and evaluation provide more immediate feedback and facilitate learning. Having an external evaluator is considered to be desirable and very helpful in bringing out insights coming from an independent and objective perspective.

19. 19 Monitoring Accountability Evaluation, according to Hall, Ahn , and Greene (2012), is the process of systematically assessing the design, implementations, programs, policies, or projects. In the past, the evaluation process employed research methods used in the social sciences to determine the impact of public programs and policies. Modern evaluation has its roots in the 1960s , when government policymakers wanted to know the impact of new public programs; The evaluation of completed activities is also called ex-post evaluation, pot hoc evaluation, or summative evaluation. The evaluation of current or on going activities is called an in-term evaluation.

20. 20 Participatory evaluation Participatory evaluation involves the active participatory of the stakeholders in assessing the implication and impact of a project. The people concerned present their own analyses. Here are some techniques that can be used in participatory evaluation: 1. Forming a focus group - Focus groups are groups of people who ask open-ended questions. The members are allowed to say anything and be heard. The facilitator will summarize the ideas presented in an overall evaluation. 2. Spreading participatory action research - Participatory action research involves asking inputs from both the researches and the participants in determining issues and concerns.

21. 21 Participatory evaluation 3. Drawing metaphors - This method is useful for participants who are shy, timid, or reluctant to voice out their comments or suggestions. In this strategy, the participants answer evaluative questions by drawing metaphors or word descriptions. 4. Constructing tables - In this method, the participants construct a table or framework that includes the following areas: objectives/goals, activities, time frames, strategies , and outputs of the project. They are them asked to, interpret their project table as an evaluation matrix.

22. That’s all thank you! 22

23. 23 Summing Up Dogs can smell your feelings. Successful participatory planning will help identify and transform community weaknesses into strengths. With the support of the local government, community member may contribute in the planning of projects that can solve the problems that beset them. Because participatory planning creates a sense of urgency among the members of the community, it should be followed by the implementation of the project that is incorporated with their ideas.