Natural Indicator Preparation

"STUDY OFACID BASE INDICATOR PROPERTY FOR ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF NERIUM INDICUM FLOWER ” SUBMITTED BY MISS. VAISHALI D. DANDGE B PHARM 3RD YEAR VI SEMESTER GUIDED BY DR. K. B. GABHANE Vidyabharati College Of Pharmacy, Amravati (2018-2019)

1. “ STUDY OF ACID BASE INDICATOR PROPERTY
FOR ETHANOLICEXTRACT OF NERIUM
INDICUM FLOWER ”
SUBMITTED BY
MISS. VAISHALID. DANDGE
B PHARM 3RD YEAR VI SEMESTER
GUIDED BY
DR.K. B.GABHANE
Vidyabharati College Of Pharmacy, Amravati
(2018-2019)

2. INTRODUCTION
•Indicators are used to determine the equivalence point in acid –base titrations
(neutralization titrations). They exhibit sharp color change with respect to change
in pH.
•A study has been done to investigate the indicator property of ethanolicextract
of Nerium indicum.
•The commonly used synthetics indicators cause environmental pollution and
pose hazardous effects in human body.
•Natural pigments in plants are highly colouredsubstance and may change with
pH variation.
•The equivalence points of the titrations using flower extract is almost close or
coincide with that of phenolphthalein (synthetic indicator).
•Therefore, use of ethanolicextract of Nerium indicumas an indicator for acid-
base titration could be effectively employed as a substitute to the synthetic acid-
base indicators.

3. NATURAL SOURCES OF PHINDICATOR
•Any Flowers Such As Blue, PurpleOr RedIn ColourContain A Class Of
Organic Pigment Called Anthocyaninsthat Change ColourWith pH.
1.Dianthus Plumarius
2.AntirrhiumMajus,
3.Nerium Odoratum,
4.Ipomoea Biloba,
5.Jacaranda AcutifoliaFlower,
6.Pride Of Barbados ,
7.MorusAlba Linn Fruit

4. NERIUMINDICUM
•BOTANICAL NAME: Nerium Indicum
•COMMON NAME: Kaner
•FAMILY: Apocyanaceace
•ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERS (Evergreen Shrub)
Flowers: Odour: Soft Sweet-scented
. Color :White, Pink Or Red
Size : 4-5 Cm In Diameter
Taste : Sweet Smelled
•HABITAT: Found on ranges Of 6400 Feet. Philippines, India And Nepal. Also Found
Mediterranean Region Iran, The Indian Subcontinent
•USES : Many Medicinal Properties ,Highly Poisonous To Humans ,Treatment Of Cardiac
Asthma ,Leaves And Flowers Are Also Used To Treat Malaria

5. pH INDICATORS
•DEFINITION: “pH indicator is the halochromicchemical compound which exhibits
different colors at various values of pH.” It is also called as ‘acid base indicator’.
•Example:
1)Methyl yellow:
pH range:2.9-4.0
2)Phenolphthalein:
pH range:8.3-10.0
3)Methyl red:
pH range:4.8-6.0
•Theyareverymuchusefulfortheidentificationofequivalencepointin
neutralizationtitrations.
❑TYPES OF INDICATORS
Natural indicator: Examples-litmus, China rose, red cabbage, turmeric etc.
Synthetic indicator: Examples-phenolphthalein, methyl red, methyl orange etc.

6. NATURAL INDICATORS
•Red Roses, As Well As Many Other Flowers And Fruits, Contain Natural
Indicators That Are Sensitive To Acids And Bases.
•The Color Of A Natural Acid–base Indicator Depends On Ph.
•One Of The Most Well-known Effects Of Natural Indicators In Plants
Occurs In TheHydrangea Or Snowball Plant . Hydrangea Flowers Are
BlueWhen Grown In Acidic Soils And Pink Or RedIn Basic Soils.
•Many Of These Molecules Of Indicators Occur Naturally.
•ForExample:-AnthrocyaninsFound In Flowers. Fruits, And Vegetables
Are PhIndicators.

7. NEUTRALIZATION TITRATION:
Neutralizationtitrationareusually
reactionsinwhichH3O+insolutionis
titratedbyOH-andthiscanbeapplied
regardlessofwhetherstrongacids,strong
bases,weakbases,saltsofweakacid,salts
ofweakbaseareinthetitrationreactions.
Thereactionbasicallyinvolvesis–
H3O++OH-2H2O

8. HARMFUL EFFECTS:
•Mostoftheindicatorsusednowadaysareofsyntheticorigin.Theseareman
madeindicators.
•Theysuffervariousdemerits,majorityofwhichbelongtotheirtoxiceffects.
Besidestheirharmfulhealtheffects,theyarealsoexpensiveandlessavailable.
•Ithasbeenreportedthatthesyntheticindicatorscausesenvironmentalpollution
particularlysoilpollution.Someoftheirhealthhazardsincludehypoglycemia,
pancreatitis,pulmonaryedema,diarrhea,abdominalcrampsandskinrashes.
•Studiesdoneonorganicmanmadeindicatorslikephenolphthalein,methyl
orangehelpedtoidentifytheirtoxicandhazardouseffects.
•Theobjectiveofthepresentstudyistofindasuitablesubstitutetoreplacethe
organicindicatorsandtointroduceflowerpigmentsasindicatorsinneutralization
titrations.

9. METHODOLOGY
❖Requirements:
▪Plant material: The fresh flowers of Nerium indicum.
▪Chemicals:
▪For titration: hydrochloric acid, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, acetic
acid.
▪Indicator: phenolphthalein.
▪For extraction: ethanol (90%)
▪Glass wares: conical flask, pipette, burette, beakers, funnel, volumetric flask etc.

10. ❖Procedure:
ExtractionofNeriumindicumFlower:
1.AnyextractfromeitherplantleavesorflowersthathaveapHdifferentfrom
neutralandcanchangecolourinacidicandbasicmediumcanbeusedasindicator.
2.Thecollectedflowerswerecleanedwithdistilledwater,cutintosmallpieces
and5.0gwasweighedusinganalyticalweighingbalance.
3.Itisthensoakedinto30mLof90%ethanolandallowedtostandfor48hrsfor
completeextractionofcolourantpresent.
4.pHoftheextractwasdeterminedtobeslightlyacidintherangeof6-6.5.

11. Titration:
1.Take about 50ml of 1N acid solution in conical flask add 0.1ml of flower extract
as indicator and titrate it agent 1N base solution which is present in burette.
2.All four types of neutralization titration is carry out, strong acid against strong
base[HClversus NaOH], strong acid against weak base[HClversus NaHCO
3],
weak acid against strong base[CH
3COOH versus NaOH], weak acid against weak
base[CH
3COOH versus NaHCO
3].
3.The trials were repeated 3 times to check the precision.
4.Repeat the titration by using phenolphthalein indicator as standard
5.The results obtained were compared with the results of titrations using the flower
extract indicator.
6.The end points of the titrations using the extract were reached when colour
changed from yellow to light pink

12. OBSERVATION TABLE:
Table 1 B) Strong Acid Against Strong Base
Table1 A) Strong Acid Against Strong Base
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 11.5 10.5 Flowerextract Yellowcolour
turns to
colourless
2 50ml 0.0 9.9
3 50ml 0.0 10.2
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 10.1 9.86 Phenolphthalein Colourlesstolight
pink
2 50ml 0.0 9.7
3 50ml 0.0 9.8

13. Table2 B) Strong Acid Against Weak Base
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 10.4 11.03 Flowerextract Yellowcolour
turns to
colourless
2 50ml 0.0 12.6
3 50ml 0.0 10.1
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 9.7 10.06 Phenolphthalein Colourlessto
lightpink
2 50ml 0.0 10.6
3 50ml 0.0 9.9

14. Table3 B) Weak Acid Against Strong Base
Table3 A) Weak Acid Against Strong Base
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 10 11.1 Flowerextract Yellowcolour
turns to
colourless
2 50ml 0.0 11.4
3 50ml 0.0 11.9
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 10.7 10.7 Phenolphthalein Colourlesstolight
pink
2 50ml 0.0 11.1
3 50ml 0.0 10.5

15. Table4 B) Weak Acid Against Weak Base
Table4 A) Weak Acid Against Weak Base
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 12.3 12.7 Flowerextract Yellowcolour
turns to
colourless
2 50ml 0.0 13.1
3 50ml 0.0 12.8
Sr.no. Volumeofacid(ml)Burettereading(ml) Mean Indicator Endpoint
Initial Final
1 50ml 0.0 11.3 10.5 Phenolphthalein Colourlessto
lightpink
2 50ml 0.0 10.5
3 50ml 0.0 9.9

16. RESULT
➢The extract from Neriumindicumflower was tested for its use as an acid-base
indicator and the results was compared with that obtained using phenolphthalein for
strong acid-strong base (HCland NaOH), strong acid-weak base (HCland
NaHCO3), weak acid-strong base (CH3COOH and NaOH) and weak acid-weak
base (CH3COOH and NaHCO3) titrations. The equivalence point of the titrations
using flower extract is almost close or coincides with that of phenolphthalein for all
the titrations as shown in Table
➢The result obtained in the presence study is in cognomen with those in related
literature using different plant extract , however there was slight difference in the
result as compared with the one obtained in .This show usefulness of flower extracts
as an indicator in acid-base titration and its use in weak acid-strong base was found
to be more significant over standard indicator as it gives sharp colour change.

17. CONCLUSION:
❑The results obtained in all the types of acid-base titrations in the present study
revealed that the Neriumindicumextract could effectively be used as acid-base
indicator (and subsequently substitute phenolphthalein synthetic) indicator
owing to the factors like wild availability of the flower, simple preparation, and
good performance, precise and accurate results.

18. REFERENCES
1.Vaibhav GN, Vishal BK, PrashantDN, GanpatraoNM, Suresh TS, AshishSS. Study
of Nerium odoratumas natural, economical and effective alternative to synthetic
indicator and litmus paper. Intl. J. Pharm. Chem. Sci. 2014;3(2):440.
2.Nwosu FO, AdekolaFA, IhediohaKC. Simple titrimetric colourindicators from
some natural flower petals. Centre Point (science edition). 2004;12(1):74-89.
3.Saini P, KannapanN, Kumar P, DiwanA, AntilV, Sharma S, Singh S. CNS activity
of Nerium indicumflower part. Res. J. Pharm. Bio. Chem. Sci. 2010;1(3):546 -550.
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prakashan. pH indicator and theory of indicator.
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quantitative chemical analysis, fifth edition. Neutralization titration.