Naturalism in education

Naturalism in Education

1. NATURALISM

2. NATURALISM Naturalism is a concept that firmly believes that ultimate reality lies in the nature of the matter. Matter is considered to be supreme and mind is the functioning of the brain that is made up of matter. The whole universe is governed by laws of nature and they are changeable.

3. Contents Roots of Naturalism 1 Life and Works of Philosophers 2 Based on the Division of Philosophy 3 Strengths & Weakness of Naturalism 5 Naturalism in Education 4

4. www.themegallery.com Company Logo 1. Roots of Naturalism The oldest philosophy Ionian   pre-Socratic philosophers Thales in 6 th century B.C . - father of science These early philosophers subscribed to principles of empirical investigation that strikingly anticipate naturalism.

5. Genevan philosopher, writer, andcomposer , leader of the Naturalistic Movement, French Revolution, development of modern political and educational thought. English philosopher, scientist, and historian, one of the founders of modern political philosophy and political science English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist 2. Life & Works of Philosophers Thomas Hobbes Jean Jacques Rousseau Herbert Spencer (1588 –1679) (1712 –1778) (1820 –1903)

6. 3. Based on Division of Philosophy Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology NATURALISM

7. Naturalism based on Metaphysics A worldview which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences deals with existence  rejects the supernatural concepts and explanations 3. Based on Division of Philosophy

8. Naturalism based on Epistemology According to naturalism, reality and nature are identical and beyond nature there is no reality. Then how this theory of reality can be proved true? This leads us to the naturalist theory of knowledge ; by perception, sensory knowledge, observation. 3. Based on Division of Philosophy

9. Naturalism based on Axiology Life’s values  Two general principles i . General character of values embedded in nature   ii. The most desirable values realised in proportion to our harmonizing life with nature  G reatest peace ; Pleasure and Satisfaction 3. Based on Division of Philosophy

10. 4. Naturalism in Education Aims Curriculum Teacher Learner Naturalistic Education

11. Learner Individual is to be given unrestricted freedom and only then his harmonious development will take place. The checks on the child are also to be natural. The naturalists advocate discipline by natural consequences. A danger that the child may harm himself and cause worry to the parents. 4. Naturalism in Education

12. Teacher Extreme naturalists ignore teacher; because teacher will interfere with the development of a child. If the teacher is to be there, let him design situations which help in the inculcation of right type of habits in the children. As a director of activity, the teacher should not overdo his role or overact his role. 4. Naturalism in Education

13. Curriculum Child centered according to the present and future needs of the child Curriculum divided under two stages  i . Earlier stage : Sensory training ii. Later stage : Subjects are include in the curriculum through activities and occupations like physical sciences, language, mathematics, manual work, trade, moral education, etc. 4. Naturalism in Education

14. Aims Rousseau says that . . . education aims at the inner faculties, capacities and powers of the child aim of education is not preparation for life, but participation in it Each stage through which a child passes has a specific aim of education 4. Naturalism in Education

15. 4. Naturalism in Education 1st to gain knowledge and all the wants and needs of a child are to be fulfilled 2nd to provide the child with the strength that the child lacks of the ability of being free 3rd to enable the child to acquire useful knowledge which would satisfy the child’s wants Aims Stage Stage Stage

16. 4. Naturalism in Education 1 st Stage 2 nd Stage 3 rd Stage The aim of education is to develop the child emotionally and morally according to the child’s needs.

17. Strengths Clear formation of the psychological and scientific conception of education Freedom for child from tyranny and rigidity, interference and strict discipline Spontaneous self-activity of the child new psychological methods in educations 5. Strengths and Weaknesses

18. Strengths Self-expression, follow nature, auto education, plays way, self-discipline and non-interference, etc. The great strength of Naturalism is its simplicity. It does not complicate the perception of existence by using abstract concepts. 5. Strengths and Weaknesses

19. Weaknesses It is based on one- sided psychology. Irrespective of their individual differences, capacities and temperament Direct experiences cannot be provided all the time; expensive and something impossible It gives no place to the spiritual values. 5. Strengths and Weaknesses

20. Weaknesses Some of the principles envisaged by naturalism are not possible to be practiced in the existing situations. Ross rightly opines ‘it is in educational ideals, not in methods that naturalism fails to satisfy.’ 5. Strengths and Weaknesses

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