Nature and Characteristics of Intelligence and Testing

Advance Educational Psychology

1. Nature and Characteristics
of Intelligence and Testing
Reporter: Eloisa Alvaro-Rivera

2. Have you ever consciously considered
these questions?
•• Am I an intelligent person?
•• How intelligent am I?
•• How do we judge if someone is
intelligent or not?
•• How can we measure the intelligence of
a person??

3. There are some other questions too:
•What is intelligence?
•Is intelligence how one deals with others?
or
•Is intelligence how precisely we learn a new
task? or
•Is it how good we are in our studies? Or
•Is intelligence how well we can solve
problems? or

4. There are some other questions too:
•Is it how we accurately judge people? Or
•Is intelligence all of this, or even more than
all this?
•Different people may understand
intelligence differently.
If you think intelligence is all of this or even
more than all this, then you are right.

5. Intelligence
“The capacity to acquire and
apply knowledge”

6. Intelligence
According to Feldman “intelligence is the
capacity to understand the world, think
rationally, and use resources effectively
when faced with challenges”

7. Intelligence
Definition:
capacity for learning, reasoning,
understanding, and similar forms of mental
activity; aptitude in grasping truths,
relationships, facts, meanings, etc.

8. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
1. Sir Francis Galton’s theory
2. James McKeen Cattell
3. Spearman’s Theory of Intelligence
4.Thorndike’s Theory: Social Intelligence
5.Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence: Seven Primary Mental
Abilities
6.R.B Cattell and J.L Horn’s Theory; Crystalline and Fluid
Intelligence
7.Gardner’s multiple intelligence
8.Information processing approaches
9.Practical intelligence
10.Emotional intelligence

9. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
1. Sir Francis Galton’s theory
“hereditary genius”
Concluded that traits like intelligence were inherited
1.James McKeen Cattell
American psychologist who gave more importance to
the mental processes.
First ever to use the term “mental test” for devices used
to measure intelligence.
Developed tasks that were aimed to measure reaction
time, word association test, keenness of vision and
weight discrimination.
These tests were proved to be a failure as they were not
comprehensive and complex enough to measure
intelligence

10. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
3. R.B Cattell and J.L Horn’s Theory;
Crystalline and Fluid Intelligence.
Fluid intelligence: Intelligence that reflects
information processing capabilities, reasoning,
and memory. E.g. solve puzzle, analogy, or
remember a set of numbers etc
Crystallized intelligence: The accumulation of
information, skills, and strategies that are learned
through experience and can be applied in
problem solving situations. E.g. solution to
poverty, unemployment etc

11. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
4. Spearman’s Theory of
Intelligence
-g factor: the ability to reason and solve
problems; general intelligence.
-s factor: the ability to excel in certain areas.

12. Theories / types / explanations of
intelligence:
5. Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence
-There’s no evidence of general intelligence
-There are 7 primary mental abilities
-Intelligence needs to be measured on all 7
mental abilities

13. ThursTone’s Theory of
inTelligence

14. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
6. Gardner’s multiple intelligence
A theory that proposes that there are eight
distinct spheres of intelligence.

15. Gardner’s Theory of
Multiple Intelligence
(Catlin, n.d.)

16. Theories / types / explanations of intelligence:
7. Information processing approaches.
-Cognitive psychologist
-Examine the processes underlying intelligent
behaviors rather than focusing on the structure
intelligence.
-More time on initial encoding

17. Theories / types / explanations of
intelligence:
8. Practical intelligence
“The art of common sense”
individuals applying their abilities to the
kinds of problems that confront them
in everyday life

18. Sternberg’s Theory of Practical
Intelligence
(Stateuniversity.com)

19. Theories / types / explanations of
intelligence
•10. Emotional Intelligence (EQ)
 capacity of individuals to recognize their own and
other peoples emotions.

20. What is Emotional Quotient?
EQ is said to be a measure of a person’s emotional intelligence
The ability to
 Understand the needs and feelings of oneself and other people
 Manage one’s own Feeling
 Respond to others in appropriate way
EI is largely learnt, developed throughout life and conditioned by life's
experience.
Improved by training, coaching, experience.
20

21. Goleman’s Theory of
Emotional Intelligence

22. GETS YOU HIRED
GETS YOU FIRED/PROMOTED
THE PROFESSIONAL SUCCESS
IQ VS EQ
(Intelligent Quotient Vs Emotional Quotient )
Two different kinds of intelligence
Intellectual
Emotional

23. Is IntellIgence InherIted?
Intelligence is inherited but can also
be related to the environment.
Studies showed that heredity is an
important factor.
Eg: If a person is a singer then it is
assumed that any one of his/her
family member might be a good singer
like LATA MANGESHKAR.

24. can we Increase our
IntellIgence?
Increasing intelligence can also know
as amplification/enhancing.
Techniques to increase our
intelligence are as follows:
Deep thinking.
Good reasoning.
Learning from past experience.
Practice.

25. ASSESSING INTELLIGENCE

26. IntellIgence test

27. Individual intelligence test vs.
Group Test
Individual Intelligence Testgiven one on one and
provide a picture of an individuals intellectual ability
Ex. IQ test commonly used Weschler Intelligence Test for
Children (WISC) and Weschler Intelligence Test for Adults

Group Test can be administered to group of persons at
a time
Ex. Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Scale

28. Verbal Test vs. Performance Test
•Verbal IQ Test measures the capacity to use
language inorder to express yourself,
comprehend stories and understand other
people.
•Performance Test is a score resulting from a
test that assess your childs mental capacity in
dealing nonverbal skills.

29. •Assessing intelligence
Achievement test
A test designed to determine a person’s level of
knowledge in a given subject area.
Aptitude test
A test designed to predict a person’s ability in a
particular area or line of work.

35. THANK YOU