NIDRA (SLEEP) BY DR SUJIT KUMAR MD

NIDRA (SLEEP)

1. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GOKSHEERA AND MAHISHAKSHEERA W.S.R. TO QUALITY OF SLEEP AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY GUIDE:- DR.VAIDEHI V. RAOLE H.O.D. & PROF. DEPARTMENT OF KRIYA SHARIRA PRESENTED BY:- DR. SUJIT KUMAR 1 st YEAR PG SCHOLAR DEPARTMENT OF KRIYA SHARIRA DEPARTMENT OF KRIYA SHARIRA PARUL Institute OF Ayurved, Parul university, VADODARA 2017-2018

2. INTRODUCTION Sleep is important for normal physiology to provide rest and relaxation to the body, mind and senses which get tired and exhausted due to the wear and tear process occurring in due course of daily schedules. Hence the Nidra is considered as one of the essential component of life. In all Samhitas Ahara , Nidra and Brahmacharya are given prime importance under the name of “ Trayopastambha ” the sub pillars of life 15 .

3. CONTI.... The strength complexion and compactness of the individual body depends on these three factors. Acharya Sushruta says that “ Nidra is a state of a human body when the sense organs ( Indriyas ) disconnect themselves from their objects of grasping ( Vishaya ), and enters into a state of trans”. 16 Acharya Vagbhata says that Nidra is caused by Tama Guna due to Avarana of Kapha and is composed of Tama Guna as well and generally occurs in night. 17.

4. ÊxÉpüɪÉkÉÆ ºÉÖJÉÆ nÖü&JÉÆ { ÉÖÊŸü & EúÉ ¶ªÉÈ ¤ É™üɤəü¨É * ´ÉÞ¹ÉiÉÉ KúÒ¤ÉiÉÉ YÉÉxɨÉYÉÉxÉÆ VÉÒÊ´ÉiÉÆ xÉ SÉ **36** ( A.SU.S.21/36) Acharya Vagbhata quoted that When Nidra taken properly in terms of quality bestows Sukha (Pleasure), Dukha (Sadness), Pushti (Nourishment and growth), Karsya (Thinness) Bala (Strength and immunity), Vrushhata (Potency and SexualVigor ), Kleebta (infertility or impotency), Gyanam (Knowledge and intellect), Agyanam (illiteracy) and Jeevitam (Good life span or longevity of life) .

5. CONTI.... In Modern Sciences , Adequate amount i.e.7 to 8 hrs of Good quality of sleep are basic Human needs. Sleep wake Circadian Rhythms are regulated by a pacemaker in brain and controlled by some external factors including light, temperature, and social interactions. 12,13 In addition, Pattern of Sleep and Wakefulness have many variations in different subjects in terms of Age, Physiologic and Psychological characteristics. 14

6. KSHEERA (MILK) Milk is beneficial for all the living beings because of Jatisatmyata . Milk is having many qualities like Balya, Vrushya, Medhya, Rasayana, Ojovardhana etc. Mahishaksheera is beneficial for those who are having trouble sleeping. It is also Gurutara than cow’s milk 30 .

7. CONTI…. Ashtanga Sangraha also shares the same opinion 31 . Thus, Mahishaksheera is Gurutara, Mahasnigdha and beneficial for those having difficulty in getting sleep. 32  

8. NEED OF THE STUDY :- Ahara, Nidra and Brahmacharya is the three main pillars of our ayurvedic literature and Nidra is one of them, the quality of sleep gets very effective results with the help of Ksheerapana as explained by Acharyas . Now a days People are busy in there daily stressful Schedule. So because of that they do not get a proper Quality of Sleep. This concept pay my attention to do a comparative study on the Goksheera and Mahishaksheera for the quality of sleep in Healthy Volunteers at present Era .

9. REVIEW OF LITERATURE :- ETYMOLOGICAL DERIVATION OF NIDRA:- The word Nidra is feminine, formed by the prefix ni+dra+rak+ta . This is a state of nature which causes encapsulation to the consciousness of a person 35 .  

10. DEFINITION OF NIDRA :- Sleep is the mental operation having the absence of cognition for its grasp. Acharyas Vyas while commenting Patanjali Yoga Darshana made a statement as - “sleep is a state of unconsciousness, but the consciousness remains about his own unconsciousness 36 .

11. CLASSIFICATION OF NIDRA 37 Charak, classifies the sleep condition into seven folds. Sushruta, described only three types of Nidra. Ashtanga Sangraha, Vagbhata, followed the Charak's view with a slight change in the names. He also mentioned seven types. Ashtanga Hridaya, 40 Vagbhata, considered only four types of Nidra and included the all seven types in this.

12. QUALITIES OF GOKSHEERA:- + jÉ MÉ´ªÉÆ iÉÖ VÉÒ´ÉxÉÒªÉÆ ®º ÉɪÉxɨÉ **21** IÉiÉIÉÒhÉʽýiÉÆ ¨ ÉävªÉÆ ¤É±ªÉÆ º iÉxªÉEú®Æ ºÉ®¨ÉÂ* ¸ ɨɧɨɨÉnüÉ™üI¨ÉÒ·ÉɺÉEúɺÉÉÊiÉiÉÞ ] ÂüIÉÖvÉ &**22** VÉÒhÉÇV´É®Æ ¨ ÉÚjÉEÞúSUÅÆü ® HúÊ { ÉkÉÆ SÉ xÉɶɪÉäiÉ *( Ash.su.5/21,22)

13. CONTI…. Milk of cow is enlivening, is wholesome for persons suffering from consumption, debility( or weakened by injury to chest), improves intellect, strength and breast milk, helps in excretion of faeces. It also cures fatigue, giddiness, intoxication, inauspiciousness, dyspnoea, cough, excessive thirst, appetite, chronic fever, dysuria and haemorrhagic disorders.

14. QUALITIES OF MAHISHAKSHEERA : ʽýiɨÉiªÉMÉí¬ÊxÉpäü¦ª ÉÉä MɮҪÉÉä ¨ÉÉʽý¹ÉÆ Ê½ý¨É¨ÉÂ**23** ( Ash.su.5/23) Milk of Buffalo is very beneficial to persons with excessive digestive power and loss of sleep and is heavier (than cow milk and is cold).  

15. PREVIOUS RESEARCH WORK:- Parashuram Turbeen - A study own Nidra w.s.r to MahishaKsheerapana in the management of NidraNasha , RGUHS,Bangalore (2010). Dr. Arpana Shetty - Study on the pattern of Nidra in dehaprakruti , M.D. ( ayu ) Scholar, department of P.G studies in Samhita , S.D.M. HASSAN (2010). Dipaka Cladius - Anidra in AyurvedeeyaYoga Jatamansyadikvathaka Prayogika Adhyayana . Raipur, 1988. Butte C – Nidra- Nashavar Shiro-BastichuPrayogika Adhyayana.Nagpur 1990. Gadei A K - A clinical study on Nidra- Nashavis -a- visinsommia and its management with drug Sunishannaka ( Marysileaminuta Linn.). Puri 1995.

16. SahooSrinibash - A comparative study on the effect of Jala-Dhara and Taila-Dhara on Nidra- Nasha (primary insomnia). Hassan 2001. Jyothilakshmi – The effect of Shiro-Basti in the management of Nidra- Nasha w.s.r . to primary insomnia – An observational study Mysore 2001. ParidaPragyana - A clinical study on Nidra- Nasha (insomnia) and its management with Nidra- Nasha Yoga and Shiro-Dhara . Puri 2002. Kshirsagar S G - Use of Rasa- Gandha on Nidra- Nasha . Ahmednagar Pune 1991.

17. MATERIAL AND METHODS :- Sources of Data:- Literary Source – All available literature on Nidra and Ksheera (Goksheera and Mahishaksheera), physiology of sleep, quality of Sleep and its applied aspects will be reviewed from Classical and Modern literature including Classical texts books of Ayurveda , Published articles in reputed journals and from various media including internet. Clinical Source – Healthy Volunteers will be selected for the study.

18. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS :- On the basis of Observational data will be analyzed pre and post-test using appropriate non parametric statistical tests.

19. ETHICAL CLEARANCE :- An Informed Written Consent will be obtained by each subject participating in the study. Ethical Clearance will be obtained From the Institutional Ethical Committee prior to the Recruitment of Participants in to the Study.

20. DECLARATION: - The Present study will be completed within the stipulated period.

21. REFERENCES:- 1. Agnivesha , CharakaSamhita , ChakrapaniTeeka , 4 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthana , 1994 Sutra sthana 11/35. 2. Vagbhata, AshtangaHridaya with Sarvangasundara and Ayurveda RasayanaTeeka , Varanasi, Chaukhamba Surabharati Prakashana , 2002, Sutra sthana 8/43. 3. NamboodriVMD , Concise textbook of psychiatry.2 nd edition .New delhi ; Elsevier. 4. Kristen LK.Does inadequate sleep play a role in vulnerability to obesity ? The American Journal of human biology ,Wiley Blackwell 2012 ;24(3);361-371. 5. Agnivesha , CharakaSamhita , ChakrapaniTeeka , 4 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthana , 1994 Sutra Sthana 7/23. 6. Vagbhata, AshtangaHridaya with Sarvangasundara and Ayurveda RasayanaTeeka , Varanasi, ChaukhambaSurabharatiPrakashana , 2002, Sutra Sthana 7/65. 7. Agnivesha , CharakaSamhita , ChakrapaniTeeka , 4 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthana , 1994 Sutra Sthana 21/36-58. 8.Srikantamurthi.ashtangasangraha,5 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthana,sutrastana 19/38-68.

22. REFERENCES:- 9. Agnivesha , CharakaSamhita , ChakrapaniTeeka , 4 th edition, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Samsthana , 1994 Sutra sthana 7/53-65. 10. Dalhanascommentary,P V Sharma.susruthaSamhita , nidanastana 4/32-57. 11. Buysse DJ et.al, The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: a new instrument for Psychitric practice and research, Psychiatry research, 28,113-213. 12.Dewald JF, Meijer AM, Oort FJ, Kerkhof GA, Bogels SM. The influence of sleep quality, sleep duration and sleepiness on school performance in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews 2010; 14 (3): 179-89. doi : 10.1016/j.smrv.2009.10.004. 13. Vidyashree HM, Patil PP, Moodnur V, Singh D. Evaluation and comparison of sleep quality among medical and yogic students- A questionnaire based study. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2013; 3 (1): 71-4. doi : 10.5455/njppp.2013.3.71-74. 14. Lemma S, Gelaye B, Berhane Y, Worku A, Williams MA. Sleep quality and its psychological correlates among university students in Ethiopia: a crosssectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12: 237. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-12-237. 15. Acharya Y.T editor. Caraka Samhita.Varanasi : Chowkamba samskrutha samathana ; ed 4 th 1994. p74.