NIPAH VIRUS .pdf microbiology mbbs 2nd year

Nipha virus

1. NIPAH VIRUS
Presented by:
Roll.no.76 to 88
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3. OBJECTIVES
•INTRODUCTION
•HISTORY
•EPIDEMIOLOGY
•TRANSMISSION
•PATHOGENESIS
•CLINICAL FEATURES
•DIAGNOSIS
•TREATMENT
•PREVENTION
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4. INTRODUCTION
•Human Nipah virus infection is an emerging zoonotic disease which
causes severe disease in both humans and animals.
•Nipah virus is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae,genus
Henipavirus,which is closely related to Hendravirus
•It was first recocgnized in Malaysia and Singapore during an
outbreak from September 1998 through 1999
•It’s name originated from KAMPUNG SUNGAI NIPAH ,a village in the
Malaysian peninsula where peak farmers become ill with encephalitis.
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6. EPIDEMIOLOGY
•Nipah virus infection was initially isolated and identified in 1999 during an outbreak of encephalitis and
respiratory illness among pig farmers in Malaysia and Singapore.
•In 2001,it was again identified as a causative agent in the out of the human disease in Bangladesh and
India.
•Since then it has been reported almost annually in Bangladesh and many times in India.
•Recent outbreak in India was in Kerala in the month of may 2018, recorded 19 cases with 17death.
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10. CHRONOLOGICAL INFECTION OF
NIPAH IN SOUTH ASIA
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11. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
•Transmission of Nipah virus to humans may occur after direct contact with infected
bats ,infected pigs or from other Nipah virus infected peoples(as reported in Bangladesh
and India) where it is seen in the family and caregivers of the infected patients.
•Transmission also occurs from direct exposure to infected bats.
•Example:consumption of Raw date palm sap contaminated with infectious bat
secretion,and excretion.
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13. INCUBATION PERIOD
•Usually 4 to 14 days.
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14. PATHOGENESIS
•The pathological findings in the brain of Nipah encephalitis cases
showed evidence of necrotising vasculitis.
•The main pathology appeared to be widespread ischemia and infarction
caused by vasculitis induced thrombosis,although direct neuronal
invasion may also play a major role in the pathogenesis of encephalitis.
•Alveolar ,pulmonary edema and aspiration pneumonia were often
encountered in the lungs.
•These may lead to pneumonia and acute respiratory distress
syndrome(ARDS) ultimate.
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16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
•Acute onset of cough with shortness of breath
•Severe headache
•Acute onset altered mental status
•High grade fever
•Muscle pain
•Convulsion
•Diarrhea
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18. DIAGNOSIS,TREATMENT
AND PREVENTIVE
MEASURES
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19. COLLECTION,TRANSPORTATION
AND STORAGE OF SAMPLE
•The samples should be collected with in 4-5days of illness.
•Samples are:
•1.throat swab collected in viral transport medium
•2.urine
•3.Blood
•4.CSF
•Samples to be safely packed in triple container packing and should be transported under cold
chain(2-8 degree Celsius) to lab
•Before dispatching disinfect the outer surface of container using 1:100 dilution of bleach
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25. REFERENCES
•PARK’s textbook of preventive and social medicine
•MAHAJAN and GUPTA textbook of preventive and social medicine
•Online resources
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