Noise pollution

Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.

1. Noise Pollution Vd Rakesh Shukla Lecturer Dept of S wasthavritta GAAC, Ahmedabad Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

2. DEFINITION Noise pollution , also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

3. Sources of Noise pollution Automobiles Factories Industries Air – crafts Use of pressure horns Recreational noise of loud speakers with full volume particularly at night. Domestic noise – radio, transistors, TV sets Noise levels – acute near railways junctions, traffic round – about , but terminals & airports. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

4. NOISE POLLUTION Definition: is when a noise is a disturbance to human ear is called as noise pollution. Example : Sound of a jet plane or loud music . Loudness – depends upon the amplitude of the vibrations which initiated the noise. Loudness is measured in Decibels dB. A daily exposure up to 85 dB is about the limit that people can tolerate with out substantial damage to their hearing . Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

5. Frequency – it is denoted as Hertz Hz. The human hear can hear frequencies from about 20 – 20,000 Hz but this range is reduced with age Source of noise Sound Level dB Whispers 10 Speech 2-3 people 73 Speech on radio 80 Music on radio 85 Children shouting 79 Children crying 80 Vacuum cleaner 76 Piano 86 Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

6. Auditory effects Auditory fatigue : Appears in 90 dB region and greatest at 4000 Hz frequency : may be associated with effects like whistling and buzzing in the ears. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

7. 2) Deafness – Occurs at a frequency ranging between 4000-6000 Hz. May lead to temporary or permanent deafness. Temporary deafness : results from a specific exposure to noise. Disability disappears after a period of time up to 24 hours following the noise exposure. Permanent deafness : may be resulted by repeated or continues exposure to noise around 100 dB. Deafness occurring due to occupation in industries – occupational deafness. Exposure to noise above 160 dB – rupture the tympanic membrane & cause permanent deafness. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

8. 3) Inner ear damage – may vary from minor changes in the hair cell endings to complete destruction of organ of corti . Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

9. Non auditory effects 1) Interference with speech : Most disturbance in speech is caused at 300 -500 Hz range commonly present in noise produced in road & air traffic. For good speech, intelligibility speech sound level must exceed the SIL (Speech interference level) – approx. 12 Db. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

10. 2) Annoyance : Primarily a psychological response. Neurotic people are more sensitive to noise than balanced people. 3) Efficacy : where ever mental concentration is required, silence or a low level of noise is required. Reduction in noise – increases work out put. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

11. 4) Psychological changes : Temporary psychological changes occur in our body as a direct result of noise pollution – Hypertension, increased intracranial pressure, i ncreased heart rate , increased breathing, Increased sweating. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

12. 5) Cardiovascular health – CV effects & exposure to moderately high levels during a single 8 hour period causes a statistical rise in BP of 5-10 mm of hg. Stress & vasoconstriction leads to the increases BP & increased incidence of coronary artery disease. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

13. 6) General symptoms : Giddiness Nausea Fatigue Interference with sleep Visual disturbance – constriction of pupil, affect colour perception & reduced night vision. 7) Economic loss : Causes reduced work output & noise induced hearing loss. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

14. Noise Control 1) Careful planning of cities : Division of city into zones with separation of area concerned with industry & transport. Separation of residential areas from the main streets with green belts. House fronts should lie not less than 15 mts from road & the intervening space should thickly planted with trees. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

15. 2) Control of vehicles Heavy vehicles should not be routed into narrow streets. Reduce vehicular traffic on residential streets. Prohibit blowing of horn & use of pressure horn. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

16. 3) Industries & railways Special areas must be earmarked – outside residential areas, for industries, for railways & similar installations. When these demands cant be met, protective green belts must be laid down between installation & residential area Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

17. 4 ) Protection of exposed persons Recommendations of hearing protection for all workers who are consistently exposed to noise louder than 85db in the frequency bands above 150Hz. Regularly rotate workers from noisy area to comparatively quiet posts in factories. Go for periodical audiogram check –ups. Use ear plugs, ear muffs when ever situation demands. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

18. 5) Legislation Many states have adopted legislation providing for controls which are applicable to a wide Varity of sources. Workers have the right to claim compensation if they have suffered a loss of ability to understands speech. 6) Education : Educate the general public through all available mass media & highlight the importance of noise as community hazard. Vd Rakesh Shukla, Lecturer, GAAC, Ahmedabad

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