Non standardized tests

A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it
Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another

1. NON STANDARDIZED TESTS Presented by : Garima B hardwaj (MSc nursing ist year )

2. General Objective : At the end of the seminar the group will gain knowledge about Non Standardized Test

3. Specific Objective : At the end of seminar, group will be able to Define the term test Differentiate between standardized and Non standardized test Enlist the types of tests Explain about Essay Type Enumerate Advantages and disadvantages of Essay type test Describe the guidelines for constructing essay type test Discuss about short answer type test State the advantages and disadvantages of short answer type test

4. What is test ? A test is a systematic method for measuring students behavior and evaluating these behaviors against standards and norms . Test is a method to determine a students ability to complete certain tasks or demonstrate mastery of a skill or knowledge of content .

5. Types of tests Discrete - T est one item or skill at a time Integrative - test combine various items , structures , skills into one single test

6. Standardized Test Standardization means uniformity of procedure in scoring , administering and interpreting the results . They are tools or instruments that measure and predict the ability / aptitude and achievement . Always administered , scored and interpreted in same manner . E. G – IELTS , TOEFL

7. Non Standardized test A non standardized test is one that is not given to people initially to standardize it Allows for an assessment of an individual's abilities or performances, but doesn't allow for a fair comparison of one student to another The most common type of test that are non standardized are the classroom test given by teachers all the time There reliability in usually unknown but if constructed carefully it can be highly reliable

8. Teacher made paper and pencil test They usually consist of essay or multiple choice items . The multiple choices , paper and pencil test are probably the most frequent used test O ther types such as true / false , essay and performance tests

9. Uses of non standardized test

10. Limitations Test are often ambiguous and unclear They are either too short or too lengthy Tests do not cover the entire content Supervision is not proper Lot of scope for copying Conducted as rituals only

11. Essay type The essay type refers to any written test that requires an examination to write a sentence , a paragraph or longer passages It demands a subjective judgement , about its quality and completeness when it is scored

12. Definition An essay test presents one or more questions or other tasks that require extended written responses from the person being tested. – Robert Lebel and David A Frishie , 1986 Essay item is an item that requires the student to structure a rather long written response up to several paragraphs . – William Wiersma and Stephen G Jurs , 1990

13. Extended Response No restriction is placed on the student as to the points he or she will discuss and the organization of student will use The student may select those points that he / she thinks more important , pertinent and relevant to his / her argument and the student may organize the material in whichever way he wishes In response to such a question the examinee demonstrates his ability to select and recall the facts which he thinks are pertinent , organize and present his ideas in a logical and coherent form

14. This type of essay item is mostly useful in measuring learning outcomes at the higher cognitive levels of educational objectives such as analysis , synthesis and evaluation levels Appropriate to measure the writing skills , organization of ideas E. g Explain the role of nurse in health care team ? Describe how to plan a care of child with HIV positive status

15. An Extended response type of essay questions permits the student to demonstrate their ability to : Recall factual knowledge Evaluate their factual knowledge Organize their ideas Present their ideas in a logical , coherent fashion

16. Handwriting can influence the scoring Can be time consuming Scoring is difficult Biasness can affect scoring

17. Restricted Response In restricted response , the student is more limited or restricted in or as to form and scope of his / her answer , because the student is specifically told the context in which his / her answer is to be made . The scope of the response is defined and restricted . The answers given are controlled to some extend E.g - Describe in not more than 100 words ,the recommendation made by the health survey and development committee with regard to improvement of health care delivery system in India ?

18. Other essay type questions

19. Guidelines for constructing Essay type Questions Clearly define the intended learning outcome to be assessed by the item Avoid Using essay questions for intended learning outcomes that are better assessed with other kinds of assessment . Define the task and Shape The problem Situation Helpful Instructions : specify the relative point value and the approximate time limit in clear directions Helpful Guidance : State the criteria for grading Avoid The use of optional questions

20. Improve the essay question through preview and review It can help to improve the essay item before and after it is handed out to students. Preview ( before handing out the essay question to the students ) Predict student responses Write a model answer Ask a knowledgeable colleague to critically review the essay question , the model answer and the intended learning outcome for alignment Review student responses to the essay question

21. Uses of Essay Type Questions To Assess students understanding of subject matter content To assess higher order thinking skills that cannot be adequately assessed by objectively scored test items To assess students ability to construct rather than to select answers . When a teacher has sufficient resources and/or help to score the student responses to the essay questions When the group to be tested is small When a teacher is more confident of his/her ability as a critical and fair reader than as an imaginative writer of good objective test items

22. Advantages Logical thinking , critical reasoning can be evaluated Measures complex learning outcomes Thinking and problem solving skills Less scope for the use of unfair means Test the ability of the student to communicate in writing depth of knowledge and understanding .

23. Disadvantages They possess relative low validity and reliability Limited content Sampling Subjectivity of scoring Contaminated by extraneous factors like spelling , good handwriting , coloured inks , neatness , grammar , lengths of answer Time consuming both for the examiner and the examinee Mood of examiner also influences marking

24. Short Answer Type Questions Short answer items require the examinee to respond to the item with a word , short phrase , number or a symbol. – Anthony J Nitko A short Answer test items aim to test the knowledge by asking students to supply word , phrase or a number that answer a question to complete a sentence .- R Eble et al, 1986

25. Question form : Here the item is presented as direct questions , E.g. who is the founder of modern Nursing ? Identification or association form : Here a few items are given outside the bracket. Students are expected to write the exact related responses in bracket . e.g. Write the name of instrument used which measure the following temperature ( …..) , blood pressure ( ……..) . heart rate ( …….) Complete form : Here an incomplete statement is used , e.g. Sphygmomanometer is used to measure …………… Forms of short answer questions

26. Advantages Easy to construct as they measure only simple learning outcomes They are useful to the lowest level of cognitive taxonomy, i.e. knowledge of terminology, classification etc. Relatively large sample of the content can be covered by the inclusion of a large number of short answer questions It is useful in evaluating the ability to interpret diagrams, chart and graphs There is little scope for the influence of handwriting and spelling etc. on marking

27. Disadvantages Not suitable for judging the power of analyzing and reasoning of the student Not suitable for measuring the complex learning outcomes

28. Principals for constructing Short answer tests Clear and unambiguous The test format must be consistent ( Do not require fill in gaps and matching in the same question ) Enough space must be provided for filling in the gaps or writing short answers Candidates must know beforehand the requirements and demands of the test

29. Suggestions for constructing question Word the item so that the required answer is both brief and specific The question should not be picked up exactly from the book The question should not provide any clue Blanks for answer should be equal in length and in a column to the right of the question. The scoring key should be prepared If the answer is to be expressed in numerical units , indicate the type of answer wanted

30. Summary

31. Conclusion Test is a method to determine a students ability to complete certain tasks or demonstrate mastery of a skill or knowledge of content .