Nonverbal

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Nonverbal Communication

2. Group Members Ankita Srivastava Ayushi Srivastava Hrishikesh Pandey Ravikant Shivam Singh Sonali Mishra

3. Outline Nonverbal Communication Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication Function of Nonverbal Communication Difference b/w Verbal & Nonverbal Communication Deception Types of Nonverbal Communication Some Guidelines for Improving Nonverbal Communication

4. Nonverbal Communication Beware of persons whose bellies do not move when they laugh. — Chinese Proverb Nonverbal communication is expressed through nonlinguistic means. It includes silent behaviors, environment, artifacts, and vocal intonation. It is a powerful mode of communication.

5. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication All behavior has communicative value. Nonverbal communication is primarily relational. Nonverbal communication is ambiguous. Nonverbal communication reflects cultural values.

6. 1. All Behavior has Communicative Value Because we “cannot not communicate.” May be intentional, but is often unconscious. Although we’re always sending messages through our nonverbal, these messages aren’t always received. We especially pay attention to nonverbal when they contradict verbal communication.

7. 2. Nonverbal Communication is Primarily Relational Responsiveness Communicates our interest in others’ communication. Women are generally more responsive than men. People in lower-power positions tend to be better at reading nonverbal. Liking – Positive or negative feelings about others. Power Touch Violence and Abuse Space Silence

8. 3. Nonverbal Communication is Ambiguous The same nonverbal can have multiple meanings. For example : “I am feeling content” smiles “I am feeling a little stressed” smiles “I am a bit sad” smiles “I can’t believe you just did that” smiles “How do I get out of this conversation?” smiles

9. 4. Nonverbal Communication Reflects Cultural Values Space Americans tend to value more personal space than many other cultures Men tend to value more personal space than women Touch Americans – 2 touches per hour British – 0 touches per hour Parisians – 110 touches per hour Puerto Ricans – 180 touches per hour Eye-Contact In North-America : frankness, assertiveness, honesty. In many Asian and northern-European countries : abrasive & disrespectful.

10. The Functions of Nonverbal Communication Repeating Substituting Complementing Accenting Regulating Contradicting

11. 1. Repeating The use of nonverbal behavior to say what you are saying in words. Emblems - are the nonverbal behaviors that we use to display what we mean. Example - head nods at the same time as someone saying “yes”.

12. 2. Substituting The use of nonverbal behaviors to say things rather than words. We often answer questions others ask by responding nonverbally rather than verbally. Example - Nodding your head to answer a question rather than saying “yes”

13. 3. Complementing The use of nonverbal behaviors to strengthen what is being said with words. Illustrators- nonverbal behaviors that support what is being said verbally. Example - A friend says “I am so sorry” and at the same time makes a sincerely sad face.

14. 4. Accenting The way we emphasize certain words in order to clarify what we mean. Example - “NO!” or “No????”

15. 5. Regulating Nonverbal behaviors that control the flow of the conversation, and tell us when it is our turn to talk, or when the other person is finished talking. Example - while telling a story to a friend, one may pause to allow room for comments.

16. 6. Contradicting When people are saying one thing yet their nonverbal behavior is telling us something completely different. Example - A friend says, “I am so sorry” while smiling

17. Difference b/w Verbal & Nonverbal Communication Basis for comparison Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Meaning The communication in which the sender uses words to transmit the message to the receiver is known as verbal communication. The communication that takes place b/w sender and receiver with the use of signs is known as nonverbal communication. Types Formal & Informal Chronemics, Vocalics, Haptics, Kinesics, Proxemics, Artifacts Time Consuming No Yes

18. Continue… Basis of Comparison Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication Chances of transmission of wrong message Rarely happens Happens most of the time Documentary Evidence Yes, in case of written communication No Advantage The message can be clearly understood and immediate feedback is possible. Helpful in understanding emotions, status, lifestyle & feelings of the sender.

19. Deception Nonverbal are under less conscious control, so deception is more likely to be revealed through our nonverbal. High self-monitors and people who have lots of practice in deception are most successful at it. Women tend to be better at detecting deception. “Deceivers” tend to make more speech errors, to hesitate, to have higher vocal pitch, to fidget, blink their eyes more, and shift their posture more.

20. Different Types of Nonverbal Communication Face & Eyes Body Movement / Kinesics Touch Voice / Paralanguage Silence Space / Proxemics Time / Chronemics Physical Appearance Artifacts Environment

21. 1. Face and Eyes ( Negative) ( Positive)

22. Continue… Over 1000 distinct facial expressions. Eyes can be especially expressive “Windows to the soul” Men and women have been found to be equally expressive Men show the most emotion in the lower left quadrant of their face Women show emotion over their whole face

23. 2. Body Movement/Kinesics Body posture Gestures Manipulators/Fidgeting Eye Contact

24. 3. Touch Touching is considered essential and therapeutic. Touching can influence liking and compliance. It used to show intimacy or power/control. People with high status touch others/invade others’ spaces more than people with lower status.

25. 4. Voice/Paralanguage Consists of vocal tone, speed, pitch, volume, number and length of pauses, and disfluencies (“um”s, “ah”s), etc. Paralanguage tends to be more powerful than language. Affects how other’s perceive us Stereotyping (e.g. accents, vocabulary, grammar) Influenced by culture, gender, class (intentionally or unintentionally).

26. 5. Silence Can communicate contentment, awkwardness, anger, respect, thoughtfulness, empathy. Can also be disconfirming.

27. 6. Space/Proxemics Personal Space : Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance Barrier behaviors and territory You are here

28. 7. Time/Chronemics Our use of time reflects : Power/status Cultural norms Expectations Interpersonal priorities

29. 8. Physical Appearance “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder”. We tend to notice obvious things first (gender, race), then note attractiveness. Physically attractive people generally are perceived better. Importance placed on physical appearance can be very damaging. It’s what we do with it that’s most important.

30. 9. Artifacts Include clothing, jewelry, personal belongings, accessories, etc. Communicate economic level, educational level, trustworthiness, social position, level of sophistication, economic background, social background, educational background, level of success, moral character, masculinity/femininity. Important part of first impressions.

31. 1o. Environment Communicates something about you We surround ourselves with things that are important/meaningful to us. Use artifacts to define our territory. Can influence interactions How people use an environment communicates something about them. Example - The way we decorate our house tells others a lot about us.

32. Some Guidelines for Improving Nonverbal Communication Monitor your nonverbal communication. Be tentative when interpreting others’ nonverbal communication. Nonverbal are personal and ambiguous. Personal Qualifications : Take responsibility for your interpretations. Use “I” language to check your perceptions of nonverbal. Contextual Qualifications : Be aware of how the context might be influencing others’ nonverbal. Be aware of how different cultural norms might influence others’ nonverbal. Be careful not to jump to conclusions based on your own cultural norms.

33. Conclusion Nonverbal is especially important : For identity management In defining our relationships (e.g., level of intimacy) For expressing emotions we don’t want to express, can’t express, or don’t know we are feeling