North indian temple

architecture of north indian temple

1. NORTH INDIAN TEMPLE Submitted By- : Vrijnesh Kumar(GL) Satyaketu singh Shivam mishra sunny dewol Firoz akthar MD.Faizanullah Ratnesh kumar Arun shani Guided By- : Ar. Pankaj mishra

2. The Hindu temple architecture is an open, symmetry driven structure, with many variations, on a square grid of Padas , deploying perfect geometric shapes such as circles and squares . A Hindu temple consists of an inner sanctum, the G arbha Griha or womb-chamber, where the primary idol or deity is housed along with Purusa . The garbhagriha is crowned by a tower-like Shikhara , also called the Vimana . The architecture includes an ambulatory for parikrama ( circumambulation ), a congregation hall, and sometimes an antechamber and porch.

3. NORTH INDIAN TEMPLE Hindu temple Grid pattern Symmetrical plan.

4. Hindu Architecture (1)-North Hindu style(A.D.600 to present day). (2)-Central Hindu style(A.D.450-750 and 1000-1325 to present day). (3)-South Hindu style(A.D.625-1750to the present day).

5. Concept of Hindu temple-

6. North Hindu style or indo aryan-style This style had spread over at least three-fourth part of northern India. the earliest movement started in the state of orrisa,the land of the O riyas , it s ancient name kalinga.it offer strong resistance to maurays but finally subdued to Ashoka in 260 b.c. after A shoka’s death K alinga regained its independence and latter became more powerful under kharvela.in a.d.610 it was under king sasanka but after his death Harsha conquered O rrisha .

7. The beginning of this O rissa group is seen at B huvaneshwar where there are about thirty temples most important are the temple of J agannath at puri (1000 a.d.) built by M ahasivagupta Y ayati -2 and sun temple at K onark (1250A.D.)built by narasingha-1. the other groups are confined to some area such as at K hajuraho all of which were built in a period of hundred years from A.D.950 to 1050 under chandella R ajput rajas of Bundhelkhand who ruled from M ahoba.the largest of entire series is S hiva temple of K andariya M ahadev (1000 A.D.)at khajuraho.

8. North hindu style ( a)-Temples of Orissa group( K alinga)(A.D. 800-1250) (b)-Temple in Kashmir(8th century) (c)-Temple of Khajuraho group (M.P.)(950-1050 A.D.) (d)-Temple of Rajaputana Group (8 th -11 th century.) (e)-Temple of Gujarat(A.D.941 -1311). (f)-Temple of G walior(M.P.)(11 tnh -16 th century) (g)-Golden temple A mritsar ( P unjab)(1766) (h)-Temple of D eccan(11 th century to 13th century)

9. (a)- Temples of Orissa group(kalinga)(A.D. 800-1250 ) Characteristics Features and Typical Examples . The typical plan of the temple is square the most basic ,rational and elementary of all geometric forms, used by the Hindus. They adopted mainly treated style of construction.

10. The main temple rests on high platform called Pista . the temple is approached by an assembly hall known as Jaga-mohan . One which pleases the world .the main temple is called as rekha deul because its emphasis on vertical lines. The Jaga-Mohan is also called the Pida DeuL . The deity is placed in the garbh-griha

11. Of R ekha D eul over which resist the spire (Urusringa).Here the entire tower is curvilinear in shape is called the S ikhara .The H indu regarded the temple as the body of cosmic man (Purusha)so the lower upright part of the main D eul is known as B ada (feet) and upper tapering part is known as C hhapra .

12. The Chhapra is a large melon shaped feature called AmalAka (cap stone) crowned with KalAsa ( head)-callEd Amrit -kalasa symbolic the jar of Nectar. similarly the Jaga-mohan has the lowEr upright part-the Bada and upper tapering part Pida in the form of a terraced pyramid which is crowned with Ghanta-Kalasa the temple is now the abode of God as manifested in human shape.

13. Temple of Jagannath at puri The sun temple of konark

14. The other features of this temple is that the pillars are notable for their absence .The interior is plain, featureless but exterior walls are profusely ornamented . D ue to the religious ritual developments other building were added in front in one axial line . such as Bhog-Mandir Examlple offering hall in the front and followed by N at M andir or dancing hall example-the sun temple at K onark jagannath temple at P uri, temple of V aital B harateswar temple L ingraja temple M ukteswar temple at B huvaneswAr.

15. sun temple konark

16. Lingraj temple-

17. Temple of Jagannath

18. (b)- Temple in kashmir(8 th centuray The temple built by king lalitditya(700-736 A.D.)is located about 35 km.from srinagar,kashmir,martand ,dega-egg,an epihet of the sun is one of the mysterious astronomical deities of the hindus.

19. the temple is situated on a stupendous hill top enclose in 61×43m quadrangle containing a cluster of sculptured colummns of graeco –roman style. the temple consist of portico for sun-worship and is connected to cella over which there was once pyramidal roof.

20. About SUN TEMPLE OF MARATAND

21. (c)- Temple of khujuraho group(M.P .)(950-1050 A.D .)-: the plan of the temple is of latin cross,the longest lying on the east –west axis the enterance being on the east. the temple is divided in to three main parts . (1)-cella or garbh griha . (2)-an assembly hallor mantapa. (3)-an enterance portico or ardha mantapa. Kandariya mahadev temple

22. A vestibule or antrala is also sometime added to cella and transcept on each side of the main hall or mahamantapa with ambulatory passege around the outside of the garbh griha or womb house.

23. Over basemen the basement, the compartment are constructed with projection on the outer walls and interrupted by balconied window which admitted light into the interior.

24. (d)- Temple of Rajputana Group (8 th -11 th centuray .) charcterstics features The temple have three to five shrine . shikhra over the cella is similar to orissa group of temples but more refinEd in treatment. the pillars are exquisitely carved with foliated motif.

25. In addition temples they constructed many other structures as semi-religious character .to commemorate the victory jaya stambhas were erected.also kirti stamhas were built as pillars of frame.

26. (e )- Temple of Gujarat(A.D.941 -1311). THE TEMPLE OF MODHERA

27. Somnath temple

28. (f)- Temple of gwalior(M.P.)(11 tnh -16 th centuray) SOMNATH TEMPLE

29. (e)- Temple of Gwalior M.P.(11 th -16 th century).

30. layout of golden temple Amritsar (g)- Golden temple ,Amritsar (Punjab)( 1766 )