Novel by Dhemni and good doc on education.ppt

Good PPT on Education

1. THE RISE OF THE NOVEL

2. A definition
According to the dictionary a novel is
Oa fictional prose narrative of considerable length,
typically having a plot that is unfolded by the actions,
speech, and thoughts of the characters
Othe literary genre represented by novels

3. More definitions
OThe novel is a worldwide cultural instrument which helped
redefine
Othe time and space where we live
Othe way we speak and talk
Ohow we feel
Owhat we do

4. Hybrid genre
The novel
Oencompasses many different sub-genres
Ois always in search of a definition
Obattled with other genres from the very
beginning
Odifferent theories on its rise
OIan Watt, Formal Realism (1957)
OMichael McKeon, Progressive Narrative (1987)
OJ. Paul Hunter, Specific Features of the novel
(1990)

5. Another definition
A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella,
"new") is an extended, generally fictional narrative
in prose. Until the 18th century the word referred
specifically to short fictions of love and intrigue as
opposed to romances, which were epic-length
works about love and adventure. During the 18th
century the novel adopted features of the old
romance and became one of the major literary
genres.

6. Origins
The dominant genre in world literature, the
novel is a relatively young form of
imaginative writing. Only about 250 years
old in England—and embattled from the
start— its rise to pre-eminence has been
striking. After sparse beginnings in 17th
century England, novels grew exponentially
in production by the 18th century and in the
19th century became the primary form of
popular entertainment.

7. When & Where
O1st half of 18th century in England
OPrototypes of the novel date back to the
Elizabethan literature
OSir Philip Sidney's Arcadia
OAphra Behn’s Oronooko, or The Royal Slave
(1688)
OJohn Bunyan’s Pilgrim's Progress (1678)

8. Why
OThe rise of the novel coincides with the rise of the middle classes in
Western Europe
OProfound social and economic changes brought the novel into
popular prominence
Oadvances in the technology of printing
O made written texts available to a growing population of
readers
Ochanges in modes of distribution and in literacy rates
O brought books and pamphlets to populations excluded from
education working-class men and women of all classes
Oauthors became free agents in the literary marketplace
Odependent on popular sales for success and sustenance
Oreflecting the values of a middle-class readership

9. Antinovel campaign
OAttacks on the new genre
OIdentified with French romance
ODerided as a sensationalistic import
OConsidered antithetical to English values
OCampaign outcomes
OSelective legitimation of novels that displayed
non-romantic features.
OThe novel as a genre developed and was valued
according to these features

10. Features
ORealism and drama of individual
consciousness has precedence over
external drama
OFocus on experience of the individual
as subject matter
OExploration of individual
consciousness and perception

11. Realism
OSynonymous with veracity
ODenial of fictionality
OParticularity of description
O"Photographic" attention to detail (verisimilitude)
ORejection of fabulous imaginings and idealism of
romances

12. Subject matter
OSignificant choices in subject matter
Oappearance of probability in character,
setting, and event.
Ological cause-and-effect sequencing
Osolidity of detail in order to achieve the
reader's willing suspension of disbelief
OFocus on middle-class protagonists

13. DEFOE
FIELDING
RICHARDSON
STERNE
SWIFT
Who

14. What

15. Ian Watt - Formal Realism
OPhilosophical background - Descartes and Locke,
Individual apprehension of reality. - individualist,
innovating reorientation
ORejection of traditional plots
OSelf-consciousness about innovation and novelty
OParticularity. (individualisation characters
detailed presentation of environment)
OSpecificity in setting (place, correlation of time)
OFormal realism as convention. Air of total
authenticity - confusion between fact and fiction.

16. McKeon - Progressive Narrative
OCategorial instability about how to tell the truth
led to "rise of the novel"
OInstability of social categories, how the external
social order is related to the internal, moral
state of its members
O"What kind of authority is required of narrative
to permit it to signify truth to its readers? What
kind of social existence or behaviour signifies an
individual's virtue to others?"
ONovel can be understood as a cultural
instrument designed to confront intellectual and
social crisis

17. Hunter, Before Novels
OContemporaneity
ONovels are stories of now or about events in a relevant past
OBelievability
OCredibility and probability are essential qualities
OFamiliarity
ONovels portray everyday existence and common people

18. Hunter, Before Novels
OIndividualism, subjectivity
ONovels show an intensified consciousness of
selfhood
OObject of identification
OReaders of novels "identify" or "empathize"
with the heroes and heroines of novels
OCoherence and unity of design
ONovels have guiding design
OInclusivity digressivenes, fragmentation

19. The mode of the future
Richardson and Fielding created a
consciousness among readers and potential
writers that a significant and lasting form
had come about and that literary careers
could be built upon the genre.

20. How
OEpistolary novel
ORealistic novel
OPhilosophic novel
OEpic novel
OExperimental novel (meta-novel)
OBuildungsroman

21. Epistolary novel
OEnjoyed its greatest popularity in England and France
from the mid-1700s to the end of the century
OPlot is advanced by letters or journal entries of one or
more characters
OMontesquieu in France Lettres persanes
ORichardson's Pamela (1740)
Othe first example of the epistolary novel
Othe first mature novel to be written in English
ORousseau's La Nouvelle Héloïse (1761)
OLaclos 1782 Les Liaisons dangereuses
OGoethe The Sorrows of Young Werther (1744)
OFoscolo Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis (1802,)

22. Realistic novel
Robinson Crusoe (1719)
ORegarded as the first novel in English
OA fictional autobiography by a first person
narrator
OThis device, presenting an account of
supposedly factual events, is known as a "false
document", and gives a realistic frame to the
story
OFirst of an endless series of novels in all world
literatures up to modern times

23. Philosophic satiric novel
Gulliver’s Travels (1726)
OA satire on human nature
OA parody of the "travellers' tales" literary sub-genre
OA philosophical novel
OAlmost unique in England
OA satirical view of the state of European government,
and of petty differences between religions
OAn inquiry into whether man is inherently corrupt or
whether men are corrupted
OA restatement of the older "ancients v. moderns"
controversy
OFrench equivalents
OVoltaire’s Candide and Zadig
OMontesquieu’s Lettres Persanes

24. Epic novel
Tom Jones (1749)
OComic romance rooted in the narrative
conventions of romance and epic
OUn-heroic hero - 'ordinary' person
OOmniscient, meddling, third person narrator
OWide social range topics
ODirect show and discussion of narrative devices
OPaved the way for Charles Dickens, George Eliot,
and William Thackeray

25. Experimental novel (meta-
novel)
Tristram Shandy 1759
OOne of the greatest comic novels in English
ORambling plot
OMeddling and maddening third person narrator
ODigressions as important as main plot
OA forerunner for many modern narrative devices
Ostream of consciousness
Oself-reflection
Omodernist and postmodernist writing

26. Buildungsroman
A German word for "novel of education" or "novel of
formation", a novel which traces the spiritual,
moral, psychological, or social development and
growth of the main character from (usually)
childhood to maturity.

27. Features
OThe hero or heroine leaves home for a real or
metaphoric journey due to some form of loss
or discontent
OThe process of maturity is long, arduous, and
gradual
Oclashes between the protagonist's needs and
desires and the views and judgments of social
order.
OIn the end the spirit and values of the social
order become manifest in the protagonist who
Oaccommodates into society.
Oassesses his/her new place in that society

28. Examples
OThe full bloom of Buildungsroman is in
19th century Eurean literature
OAlmost all 18th century English novels can
be considered buildugsroman
ORobinson Crusoe is certinly a good one
OPamela in anothe good example
OAll Jane Austen’s novels are
buildungsroman
O One of the best bildungroman is Goethe’s
Wilhelm Meister