Nowhere technology in plant pathology-22-58.pptx

We are using this for our benifits whether you will use it it's up to you but it's a better technology

1. 1 ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BAPATLA DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY MASTER’S SEMINAR – Pl. PATH 591 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT PRESENTED BY P.GEETHIKA BAM-22-58 DEP. OF PLANT PATHOLOGY

2. FLOW OF PRESENTATION 2 I NTRODUCTION AND HISTORY USES OF NANOPARTICLES CLASSIFICATION OF NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES APPLICATIONS IN PLANT DISEASE MANAGEMENT NANODIGNOSTIC TOOLS CASE STUDIES CONCLUSION

3. 3 INTRODUCTION The concept that seeded nanotechnology were first discussed in 1959 by renowed physicist Richard feyman in his talk There is a plenty of room at the bottom , in which he described the possibility of synthesis via direct manipulation of atoms. The term “ nano-technology ” was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974 thought it was not widely known.

4. 4 History

5. Nanoparticles (NPs) are wide class of materials that include particulate substances, which have one dimension less than 100 nm at least ( Laurent et al ., 2010 ). Nanotechnology is a known field of research since last century. Since “nanotechnology” was presented by Nobel laureate Richard P. Feynman during his well famous 1959 lecture “ There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom ” ( Feynman, 1960 ), NANOPARTICLES 5

6. WHY NANOPARTICLES ? Each year, 20%–40% of crops are lost due to plant pests and pathogens. Existing plant disease management relies predominantly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. Nanotechnology has led to the development of new concepts and agricultural products with immense potential to manage the aforementioned problems. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture is currently being explored in plant hormone delivery, seed germination, water management, transfer of target genes, nanobarcoding , nanosensors , and controlled release of agrichemicals. 6 (Worrall et al., 2018)

7. USES OF NANOPARTICLES 7 (Worrall et al., 2018)

8. CLASSIFICATION OF NANOPARTICLES 8 ( Zaid et al ., 2023 )

9. 9 (Bahari et al., 2020) Synthesis of nanoparticles

10. 10 Nanoparticles used in plant disease management silver silica chitosan zinc copper Nanobiosensors

11. (Jain et al ., 2021 ) Silver nanoparticles The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles depends on size, shape and the surface charge of the particles. In respect to nanoparticles greater antibacterial properties as they can easily penetrate into the nuclear content of bacteria due to their small structure , especially in gram negative bacteria inactivating DNA and enzymes leading to cell death . The phytogenic AgNPs were tested against three different plant pathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium oxysporium , and Curvularia sp. ( Balashanmugam et al .,2016).

12. 12 (Jain et al ., 2021)

13. 13 SiNPs have a unique physiological properties , such as large surface area, aggregation, reactivity, penetrating ability, size, and structure , which enable them to penetrate plants and regulate their metabolic processes.   SiNPs increase resistance during plant-pathogen interactions, by activating defence –related enzymes , promoting the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, controlling signalling pathways, and also triggering the expression of defence - related genes. SiNPs interact with plant cell walls physically to create a second layer of cuticle that prevents pathogen penetration and lowers the frequency of disease in plants including Pyricularia oryzae , Bipolaris sorokiniana , Pyricularia grisea and Rhizoctonia solani kuhn , among others. Silica Nanoparticles ( Asgari et al ., 2018 )

14. CHITOS A N NANOPARTICLES 14 Chitosan inhibits mycelial growth, sporulation,fungal morphology and molecular organization of fungus. Chitosan inhibits mycelial growth sporulation spore germination and elongation of Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp., Phytopthora spp ., ( Oliul Hassan and Taehyun Chang ,2017)

15. 15 Effect of chitosan on fungal morphology A- Hyphal Agglomaration B-C - Abnormal shapes D- E - Large vesicles in mycelia F- normal hyphal growth in control ( Oliul Hassan and Taehyun Chang , 2017 )

16. 16 ( Oliul Hassan and Taehyun Chang , 2017)

17. 17 ( Oliul Hassan and Taehyun Chang ,2017 )

18. 18 Nanoparticles as a sensing element offer improved detection of limit in diagonising different kinds of bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. Nanoparticles alone or with combinations are employed in fabrication of diagnostic tools, which either detect pathogen or indicative compounds involved in advancing disease. Nanosensors ( Kashyap et al ., 2019)

19. 19 Nanosensors . ( Kashyap et al ., 2019) Metal NPs( e.g AuNPs, AgNPs , CNPetc Magnetic NPs Nanotubes Nano chemicals Antibody Oligonucleotides Peptides Electrical Electrochemical Piezoelectrics Magnetic Optical

20. COPPER NANOPARTICLES 20 In vitro antifungal activity of CuNPs synthesized by chemical method was studied against plant pathogens, namely,  F.oxysporium , Alternaria alternata ,  Curvularia lunata , and  Phoma destructiva   . ( Rai et al., 2018 )

21. 21 (Rai et al .,2018)

22. 22 ZINC NANOPARTICLES (Kalia et al ., 2020 )

23. 23 (Singh et al ., 2018)

24. 24 Nano diagnostics Quantum dots(QDs) Microneedle patch Nanopore sequencing 1 2 3

25. 25 Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that have tremoundous potential as optical nanosensors . Owing to their unique and advantageous phytophysical properties, QDs have found successful application as biosensors for plant imaging. Quantum dots ( Yoelit Hiebert., 2019)

26. 26 (Li et al., 2020) Fluorescence imaging of the uptake and transport of QDs in  Arabidopsis thaliana (b) Schematic illustration of specific CTV biosensor based on FRET (c) ZnO QDs were used to conjugate KAS for the controlled release of pesticides for the plant system.

27. 27 Nanopore sequencing ( Shivashekarappa et al., 2022)

28. 28 Microneedle patch (Paul et al ., 2019)

29. 29

30. 30 Objective To study the inhibition mechanism of biosynthesized AgNP’s against Pseudomonas syringae and their effect on resistance induction in plants. Case Study 1 (Jiang et al .,2022)

31. 31 Tobacco ( N. benthamiana ) Sodium alginate (viscosity 200 ± 20 mPa.s) C 3 HO 3 N 3 ClBr(Henan Yintian Fine Chemical, Henan, China), T ransmission electron microscope (JEM-1200EX, JEOL, Japan), Scanning electron microscope (su8020, Hitachi, Japan) Zetasizer Ultra (Malvern ZEN3600, UK), and ultraclean workbench (AIRTECH, Jiangsu, China) Materials and methods (Jiang et al .,2022)

32. 32 Biosynthesized AgNP’s destroy cell structure of Psuedomonas syringae pv.tabaci Growth curve of P. Syringae pv . tabaci treated with biosynthesized AgNP’s . Mock ,negative control ( treated with sterilized distilled water ) (Jiang et al .,2022)

33. 33 Results In vitro inhibitory effect of biosynthesized AgNPs at different concentrations against Pseudomonas Syringae pv . tabaci Column diagram showing bacterial colony number om LB media containing different concentrations of biosynthesized AgNPs (Jiang et al .,2022)

34. 34 Symptoms of tobacco wildfire disease on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves pretreated with 1.2 μ biosynthesized AgNPs   (Jiang et al .,2022)

35. 35 Activity of peroxidase Activity of poly phenol oxidase (Jiang et al .,2022) Biosynthsized AgNPs activate antioxidant pathway in N. benthamiana

36. 36 (Jiang et al .,2022) Activity of Catalase Activity of super oxide dismutase

37. 37 Biosynthesized AgNPs induce salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway-related genes NPR1 and PR2 in Nicotiana benthamiana (Jiang et al .,2022)

38. 38 Objective To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticles on copper tolerant and copper–sensitive strain of Xanthomonas perforans . To evaluate efficacy of Cu/Zn in reducing bacterial spot disease severity and risks associated with occurrence of phytotoxicity. 3. To elucidate biochemical changes in xanthomonadin in the bacterial cell following Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticle exposure . ( Carvalho et al ., 2019) Case study 2

39. 39 Copper-tolerant X. perforans strain, GEV485 C opper-sensitive X. perforans strain s , 91–118 FL 47 tomato plants Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticles, Kocide 3000, and Kocide 3000 + Mancozeb (Manzate 75DF, Griffin Corporation, Valdosta, GA) Raman spectroscope Horsfall-Barratt scale Materials and methods ( Carvalho et al ., 2019)

40. 40 Results . ( Carvalho et al ., 2019) In vitro activity of Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticle on X. perforans population at 15min, 1h, 4h and 24h

41. 41 ( Carvalho et al .,2019)

42. 42 ( Carvalho et al .,2019) Effect of Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticles on development of tomato bacterial spot in planta in growth chamber experiments.

43. 43 ( Carvalho et al .,2019)

44. 44 Percentage of leaves showing evident bacterial spot symptoms by the total number of leaves in the plant after application of Cu/Zn, Kocide 3000, Kocide 3000 amended by Mancozeb and untreated samples. Data collected after the last in planta experiment (20 days after inoculation). (Carvalho et a l.,2019)

45. 45 Raman intensity(cps) for crop-tolerant Xanthomonas perforans cells treated with Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticle (Carvalho et al .,2019)

46. 46 The effect of treatment of bacterial cells with Cu/Zn or copper at various concentrations on intensity shift in the Raman region that corresponds to Xanthomonadin presence in the bacterial cells. (Carvalho et a l .,2019)

47. 47 Case study 3 Objective To provide data on the biosynthesis of of ZnO nanoparticles using seed extract of Trachyspermum ammi and their antifungal potential of Cercospora leaf spot disease under lab environment and field conditions and its effect on agronomic and physiological paramters . ( Rafiq et al., 2022)

48. (Rafiq et al., 2022 ) Schematic representation of the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using T. ammi seed extract .

49. 49 Symptoms caused by C. canescens on mungbean leaves and microscopic characters of C, canescens observed at 40X magnification ( Rafiq et al., 2022)

50. 50 Antifungal activity of different concentrations of ZnO N P s . ( Rafiq et al., 2022)

51. 51 Antifungal activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles against C. canescens at different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles . ( A)=0ppm; (B)=300ppm; (C)=600ppm(D)=900ppm; (E)= 1200ppm ; (F)=1500ppm (Rafiq et al., 2022)

52. 52 Antifungal efficacy of different concentrations of ZnO NPs against C. canescens . T1=Negative control T2= Positive control T3 = ZnO NPs applied at 900ppm T4 = ZnO NPs applied at 1200ppm (Rafiq et al., 2022 )

53. 53 (Rafiq et al., 2022) Table 2: In-planta effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs plant growth parameters.

54. 54 Negative control Positive control Zno NPs applied at 900ppm ZnO NPs applied at 1200ppm ZnONPs applied at 1200ppm + C.canescens. (F) Zno NPs applied at 1200ppm + C. canescens Effect of ZnO NPs on the root morphology of mungbean plants (Rafiq et al., 2022 )

55. 55 Effect of ZnO NPs on the pod of of mungbean plants ( A ) Negative control (B)Positive control (C ) ZnO NPs applied at 900ppm (D) ZnO NPs applied at 1200ppm (E ) ZnO NPs applied a t 900ppm+ C.canescens (F) ZnO NPs applied at 1200 ppm + C.canescens (Rafiq et al., 2022)

56. 56 Table 3: In-planta effect of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on total chrolophyll and carotenoid contents (Rafiq et al., 2022)

57. 57 Conclusion Nanotechnology can provide solution for agricultural applications and has the potential to revolutionize the exiting technology used in the disease management . Nanotechnology will play an important role in the development of multiple new methods to improve plant health by application of multiple new methods to improve plant health by application disease diagnostics, disesase control or improving overall health by immune elicitors. Development of nanopesticides can offer unprecendent advantages like increased bioavailability and efficiency of pesticides when loaded onto nanoparticles can reduce toxicity, enhanced shelf- life and contolled delivery of activities . Therefore nanotechonology would provide green and efficient alternative for plant disease management.

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59. 59 Rai, M., Ingle, A.P., Pandit, R., Paralikar , P., Shende, S., Gupta, I., Biswas, J.K. and da Silva, S.S., 2018. Copper and copper nanoparticles: Role in management of insect-pests and pathogenic microbes.  Nanotechnology Reviews .   7 (4):303-315 . Rafiq, H., Aftab, Z.E.H., Anjum, T., Ali, B., Akram, W., Bashir, U., Mirza, F.S., Aftab, M., Ali, M.D. and Li, G., 2022. Bio-fabrication of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles to rescue Mung Bean against Cercospora leaf spot disease.  Frontiers in Plant Science , ( 13): 1052984 Singh, A., Singh, N.Á., Afzal, S., Singh, T. and Hussain, I., 2018. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: a review of their biological synthesis, antimicrobial activity, uptake, translocation and biotransformation in plants.  Journal of materials science .   53 (1):185-201. Shivashakarappa , K., Reddy, V., Tupakula , V.K., Farnian , A., Vuppula , A. and Gunnaiah , R., 2022. Nanotechnology for the detection of plant pathogens.  Plant Nano Biology . 100018 Jiang, L., Xiang, S., Lv , X., Wang, X., Li, F., Liu, W., Liu, C., Ran, M., Huang, J., Xu, X. and Ma, X., 2022. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles inhibit Pseudomonas syringae pv . tabaci by directly destroying bacteria and inducing plant resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana .  Phytopathology Research .   4 (1): 43. Worrall, E.A., Hamid, A., Mody , K.T., Mitter , N. and Pappu , H.R., 2018. Nanotechnology for plant disease management. Agronomy , 8 (12) : 285. Zaid, O., Sor, N.A.H., Martínez-García, R., de Prado-Gil, J., Elhadi , K.M. and Yosri , A.M., 2023. Sustainability evaluation, engineering properties and challenges relevant to geopolymer concrete modified with different nanomaterials: A systematic review.  Ain Shams Engineering Journal. 102373 . .

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