Nucleic Acid DNA and RNA for High School Students.pptx

Basic information regarding DNA and RNA

1. Nucleic Acid: DNA & RNA 11th grade By: Ms. Diana

2. Learn Objectives Students understand the structure of DNA 1 Students understand the structure of Nucleotides 3 2 Students understand the structure of RNA

3. 01 Nucleotides

4. Nucleic acid (polymers) are made of Nucleotides (monomers) Nucleotide Functions: ​ Energy for metabolism (ATP) Enzyme cofactors (NAD + ) Signal transduction (cAMP) Nucleic acid functions: Storage of genetic info (DNA) Transmission of genetic info (mRNA) Processing of genetic information (ribozymes) Protein synthesis (tRNA and rRNA)

5. 3 PARTS OF A NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE GROUP A nucleotide WITHOUT a phosphate group is a NUCLEOSIDE PENTOSE SUGAR DNA : Deoxyribose RNA : Ribose NITROGENOUS BASE Purine: Adenine & Guanine Pyrimidine: Cytosine & Thymine / Uracil O — | O = P — O | O — CH 2 H H H OH H O H N N H N N H N H H

6. PENTOSE SUGAR OF A NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE GROUP A nucleotide WITHOUT a phosphate group is a NUCLEOSIDE PENTOSE SUGAR DNA : Deoxyribose RNA : Ribose NITROGENOUS BASE Purine: Adenine & Guanine Pyrimidine: Cytosine & Thymine / Uracil O — | O = P — O | O — CH 2 H H H OH H O H N N H N N H N H H

7. ADENINE THYMINE In RNA : Uracil NITROGENOUS BASES CYTOSINE GUANINE NH 3 H H N N O H N N N N H H 2 N H 2 N N N H — N N H O O H 3 C H H — N N — H O

8. Nucleic Acid: DNA & RNA 02

9. DNA Deoxyribose nucleic acid

10. DNA STRAND A (Adenine) always pairs with T (Thymine) W ith 2 Hydrogen bonds G (Guanine) always pairs with C (Cytosine) With 3 Hydrohgen bonds A T G C ADENINE %A = %T THYMINE GUANINE CYTOSINE %G = %C A+T+G+C= 100%

11. 40% Jupiter is the biggest planet of them all CYTOSINE Despite being red, Mars is a cold place GUANINE 10% 10% Venus is the second planet from the Sun THYMINE PERCENTAGES OF A DNA STRAND A strand of DNA was measured to contain 40% adenine . What is the DNA's composition of the other bases?

12. RNA Ribonucleic Acid

13. COMPARISON: DNA AND RNA FEATURES DNA RNA FUNCTION Long term storage of genetic information Used to transfer genetic information in organisms STRUCTURAL double helix single helix COMPOSITION Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine bases Adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil bases PROPAGATION DNA is self-replicating It’s synthesized from DNA on an as-needed basis

14. Nucleic acid: DNA and RNA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SeOrvA9ikW8