NUTRITION Age group 2

1. A food pyramid delivers three important messages:
Variety: The fact that the pyramid contains several blocks tells you that no single food
gives you all the nutrients you need.
Moderation: Having blocks smaller than others tells you that although every food is
valuable, some — such as fats and sweets — are best consumed in small amounts.
Balance: You can’t build a pyramid with a set of identical blocks. Blocks of different sizes
show that a healthful diet is balanced: the right amount from each food group.
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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3. NUTRITION Require for different Age group
•Good health comes from eating a variety of foods and
choosing to eat wisely throughout the life span.
•while considering your nutritional needs, your sex, age,
weight, and health status are also important.
•The following natural stages require to have
different nutritional needs:
–Infancy
–Preschool Years- Age 1 to 5
–School-Age Children- Age 6 to 12
–Teen Agers- Age 13 to 19
–Adulthood
–Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
–Older Adulthood

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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4. INFANCY:
•A rapid growth period for an infant.
•A baby triples his or her weight during the first
year and grows taller by 50 percent.
•Proper nourishment for infants can provide a
healthy start of life.
•Breast milk contains just the right balance of
nutrients.
•Also provides the infant with antibodies to
fight some common childhood illnesses.
•Decreases the risk of food allergies.
•Breast milk is also easy for the baby to digest.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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5. •Mothers who cannot or choose not to
breastfeed, can give nourishment to their
infants with bottle feeding of commercial
formulas.
•Careful preparation is required for each
feeding,
•and formulas must be stored safely.
•Most nutrition experts recommend that solid
food should not be started until after 4-6
month.
•Even if solid foods are started, breast milk or
formula should continue to be included in a
baby’s diet for at least 1 year.
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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6. •The solid foods like boiled, cooked and
mashed cereals, fruits and vegetables are
easiest for babies to digest.
•Try to feed your child at regular intervals,
while your child is hungry.
Preschool Years- Age 1 to 5
•As babies become toddlers, a child should be
eating foods from each of the food groups
represented in the Food Guide Pyramid.
•Do not expect to eat a completely balanced
diet every day.
•Dietary fat and cholesterol are important for
their growth.
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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7. •After age 2, children can begin to consume
fats in moderation just as the rest of the
family does.
•This type of diet includes grain foods,
vegetables, fruits, low-fat dairy products, lean
meats, and their substitutes.
•Small amounts of various foods eaten
frequently over the course of the day as a
snack are healthful and normal.
•Reference publication: “National Guidelines
on Infant and Young Child Feeding” Ministry of
Human Resource Development, Department
of Women and Child Development ( Food and
Nutrition Board), GoI, New Delhi

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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8. •School-Age Children- Age 6 to 12
•By early school age, a child should be established
with
–healthful eating habits and
–regular physical activity to maintain a healthful
weight.
–A normal school-age child will gain weight and the
height will increase.
–During the school-age years that the guidance of
parents is especially important to formulating good
nutrition habits.
–Eating foods that are low in fat and high in complex
carbohydrates and fiber is important, include fruit,
vegetables, bread or some other form of starch, a
meat or other protein, and low-fat milk.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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9. •If a child participates in vigorous physical
activity, more calories may be needed.
•If a child eats more calories than are burned,
the weights will add up.
•A higher than desirable weight at this age, can
increase the risk for later health problems,
such as
–diabetes,
–high blood pressure, and
–increased blood cholesterol or triglyceride values.
•Stop or slow the rate of weight gain and
•allow height (growth) to catch up.
•Provide healthful foods in lesser amounts.

1/22/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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10. Teen Agers- Age 13 to 19:
•The teen years and the arrival of puberty
•the second period of remarkable growth
•A period of profound development
•important nutritional implications
•requirements increase for energy and all
nutrients
•On average, boys 11 to 14 years old need to
have approximately 2,500 calories per day
• From age 15 to 18, daily calorie requirements
increase to 2,800 calories
•Teenage girls also require more calories, 2,200
calories a day.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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11. •Eat the food with the complex carbohydrates found at
the bottom of the Food Guide Pyramid.
•During teenage, good to have 3 servings of calcium-rich
foods a day (milk, yogurt, cheese, certain vegetables)
to make certain that needs are met for growing bones.
•Iron is also important to the expanding volume of
blood in the body and for increasing muscle mass
•Teenage girls can be at risk for a shortage of iron as a
result of iron loss through menstruation
•To ensure ample dietary iron, encourage teens to eat
fish, poultry (especially dark meat), red meat, eggs,
legumes, potatoes, broccoli, rice, and iron-enriched
grain products
•Encourage healthful snacks such as fresh fruits and raw
vegetables, low-fat yogurt, low-fat milk, whole-grain
bread, popcorn, pretzels, and cereals.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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13. Adulthood:
•The adult body is dynamic, changing
•what was a good diet for you in your second or
third decade of life may no longer be a good fit at
age 50 or 60
•Your body converts the food you eat into
energy—slows
•you gradually need less food for a similar activity
level
•Fewer calories are needed as you grow older
•A balanced diet with moderation ensures proper
intake of vitamins, minerals, proteins,
carbohydrates, and other nutrients, which
controls calories
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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14. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
•Women should start taking good nutrition before she
becomes pregnant
•Ensure that baby get all the essential nutrients from
the moment of conception
•Use of folic acid supplements can reduce the
occurrence of a birth Defect
•Dietary sources of folic acid include fortified breakfast
cereals and enriched grain products, leafy green
vegetables, oranges and grapefruit, black-eyed peas,
kidney beans, and other cooked dried beans
•Even if you eat a well-balanced diet, prenatal vitamins
are recommended
•Make sure that your diet provides the best nutrition
possible for you and your unborn baby.
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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15. •Expecting mother need about 300 extra calories
per day beyond your normal diet
•Eat foods such as lean meat, low- or no-fat dairy
products, and dark green vegetables which
provide vitamins, minerals, and protein
•Dairy products and calcium-fortified foods will be
useful to meet your need for calcium, a crucial
mineral during pregnancy
•Sufficient amounts of iron is require as
– at birth,
–a newborn baby needs enough stored iron to last for
the first 6 months of life.
•Once a baby is born, the mother who chooses to
breastfeed still needs extra calories—typically
about 500 calories per day.

1/22/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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16. Older Adulthood:
•Maintaining a healthful diet into older adulthood
can be a challenge
•Tooth loss or mouth pain can further complicate
the act of eating
•As people become older, they need fewer calories
than they did when they were younger
•Decline in calorie intake means that you need the
food that is rich in nutrients
•Follow the basics of the Food Guide Pyramid as
you get older:
–heavy on the grain foods, fruits, and vegetables;
adequate meats and dairy products;
–light on the fats, oils, and sweets and
–if required supplementation with vitamins is needed.

1/22/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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17. What are the benefits of Functional Foods?
Functional foods and nutraceuticals provide an
opportunity to improve the human health,
reduce health care costs and support economic
development in rural communities.
 Food scientists and consumers realize the many
health benefits of functional foods.
Functional foods contain ingredients that aid
specific body function and improve our health
and well-being.
Functional food contains nutrients that are
essential to prevent diseases.
Functional foods can be effectively used as
medicine to treat and prevent disease.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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18. Functional foods as natural health product, are often
used in medicinal forms as tablets, capsules or liquid,
Also functional foods are those that resemble the
traditional food, as such, but confer benefits beyond
their nutritional role.
A) Nutraceuticals refer to components/extracts of food and
non-food commodities taken in the medicinal form of
tablet, capsule, powder, liquid.
B) Functional foods resemble the traditional foods in their
look.
•but both nutraceuticals and functional food groups
provide benefits beyond what is rendered by their
nutrient components.
Nutraceuticals and functional foods provide means to
address the increasing burden on the health care
system by promoting health through prevention rather
than treatment.

1/22/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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19. Functional Foods in Health Care
•Delivery Options
•Foods Fortified/
•Enhanced Foods
• Supplements
•Drugs


•Purpose of Therapy Reduction of Risk Treatment of
disease

•Health Professional Low High
Involvement
•Individual Participation High Low
•Treatment Cost Low High

1/22/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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