Nutritional Status under 5 years children in Mahottari district

Mahottari District

1. UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Rajarshi Janak University Janakpur Presented By Roshan Prasad Chaudhary Health Science (BPH IV/II) University Campus A Proposal On Nutritional Status Under Of Five Years Children in Jaleshwar Municipality . Submitted To Research Proposal Approval committee, University Campus Janakpur 1

2. INTRODUCTION Malnutrition in children and pregnancy has many adverse consequences for child survival and long-term well-being being (USAID, 2018 ) . It’s also effects on human capital, economic productivity and national development overall (Webb et al., 2021). Malnutrition is global challenge for child health and survival and same condition in Nepal (Bhandari & Chhetri , 2013 ) . S ince around 1million children under 5yrs among them 25% children stunted (low height for age),19% child underweight (low weight for age),8% are wasting (low weight for height) according to NDHS 2022 ( Report-on-Childerns-Health-and-Nutrition-Status-in-Nepal-1.Pdf , n.d . ) . Nutrition interventions have been one of the present cost-effective investments (Arpadi et al., 1998 ) . 2

3. There many methods of measuring the nutritional status such as clinical examination biochemical evaluation, functional assessment and assessment of dietary intake, one of the way to gauge nutritional status of children under five years of age to determine percent of normal status as well as stunted, wasted and underweight children as per their anthropometry. Nutritional status of children is a proxy indicator for assessing the entire population health status and one of the major predicators of child survival. despite the various efforts, malnutrition among children is remaining as a major child health problem in Nepal as well as Jaleshwar municipality . Fig.1 Malnutrition child This study will conduct to assess the nutritional status of under 5yrs children and to find out the factors associated with childhood malnutrition. 3

4. RATIONALE OF STUDY   Despite the hardcore effort of the international community and the most of the developing countries, problem of malnutrition has been remained as serious healthcare threats contributing to the high child mortality. The socio-cultural and house hold indicators of Mahotari district showed poor in relation to nutrition and same condition of Jaleshwar municipality. The mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) showed half of the children were protein energy malnourished. By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition, including achieving by 2025, the internationally agreed targets on stunting and wasting in children under 5yrs of age, and address the nutritional needs of adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women. 4

5. OBJECTIVE General Objective To study the nutritional status under five years children's of Jaleshwar municipality Mahotari district. 2. Specific Objective To assess the prevalence of malnutrition less than 5 yrs children like wasting, stunting and underweight. To study the dietary pattern after six months to under 5yrs child. To assess relationship between socio-economic status and nutritional status. To draw association between malnutrition and infectious disease i.e. ARI, TB. 5

6. 6 Conceptual Framework Fig.2 Flow D iagram of Conceptual Framework

7. Operational Definition of Study Nutritional status: - It refers to an individual’s overall health, and well-being in relation to their diet and nutrition. Dietary pattern: - Dietary pattern can described based on the types and amounts of foods consumed from various food groups. Z-score: - it is also known as standard score and is statically measure that describes a values relationship to the mean of group of values. Children below 5 years: - It means child from 6 months to 59 months. Anthropometric measurement: - Anthropometric is the branch of human science that deals with body measurements especially on a comparative basis. Shakir tape: - Tape for measuring MUAC Shatter: - Type of weight machine Infant meter: - It is for measuring infant height. 7

8. VARIABLE 1. Independent Variable Age, height, weight, religion, caste, Education, Family size 2.Dependent Variable Nutritional status under five years children 8

9. LITERATURE REVIEW S. N Research Topics Results Authers and Publication 1 Nutritional status and factors associated with Malnutrition among under 5yrs children, Bag lung District, Nepal Quarter of the children were underweight. MUAC and stunting were higher among younger children (6-24 months) whereas wasting and underweight were higher among older children (25-59 months) (4) Sanjaya Kumar sah1, Rabina poudel1, Richa sah2, Ramesh Bhatta1, Anil chaudhary1, Rajesh karki1, Rajesh Kumar gupta1 and Josana khanal1 2 Nutritional status of under five-year children Residing in selected wards of Barahachheatra Municipality, Sunsari, Nepal. A cross sectional study. 30% of children were underweight ,29.3% were stunted and 17.3 % were wasted (5) Rambha singdel1, Dewa Adhikari1, Angur badhu1, Tara shah1 3 Nutritional status of children under 5 yrs. and factor associated in Mahottari district, Nepal 2010 16% severe ,25% moderate and 28% mild Malnutrition. (6) Mishra, Shravan Kumar, Sharma Rosy 4 Community based nutritional education for promoting nutritional status of children under 3 yrs of age in Rural area of Mahottari district of Nepal. Underweight children increased by 7.6% in control group while it decreased by 17.7% in intervention group (7) Yadav, D.K; Gupta, N; Shrestha, N; Kumar, A; Bose, D. K 9

10. LITERATURE REVIEW S. N Research Topics Results Authers and Publication 5 Factors associated with nutritional status of the under five years children Increasing BMI of mothers and wealth index shows decreasing, likelihood of malnutrition among children Amit Pradhan, department of community medicine, KIST Medical college, Lalitpur Nepal 6 Nutritional status of undern 5yrs year children and factors associated in Kapilvastu district, Nepal Nearly two thirds children were found Malnourished in Kapilvastu district of Nepal Tulsi Ram Bhandari, Munira j Chhetri . J Nutri on Health Food Sci 1 (1),2-6,2013 7 Nutritional status of children under five years of age and factors associated in Palampur VDC Chitwan Prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 22.7%, 37.3% and 25.7% respectively. Study indicated that the risk of stunting increases with age. D Ruwali Health prospect 10,14-18,2011 8 Assessment of nutritional status of children under five years of age in rural Nepal 7% were wasted,39.9% were stunted and 18.9% were underweight. Chataut Jagdish, Khanal k Kathmandu University Medical Journal 10

11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1. Study Design A descriptive cross-sectional design will use. 2. Study Technique Simple random sampling technique will use e.g. lottery method to select different ward of Jaleshwar municipality. There is total 12 ward in Jaleshwar municipality. 3. Survey Area The study will conduct in Jaleshwar municipality of Mahotari district. There are 12 wards in this municipality. Jaleshwar municipality covers an area about 19.5 sq . 11

12. 4. Inclusion criteria The households will contain at least one child of under five year of age. 5. Sampling method Sample size calculation, SS=Z2 PQ/D2 where z=1.96 at 95% CI p=0.5 Q=1-p Allowance error(D)=0.05 Then, Sample size to the corresponding population size (KFH alahsaa ) Final sample size (n)=N*ss/(ss+N-1) Final sample size n=362 12

13. 6 . Tools The semi structured questionnaire Weight machine Measuring tape Sakir’s tape. 7. Data Collection and Analysis Data collection will be completely based upon the development questionnaire i.e primary data will be used. Those data will be analysed through SPSS. The analysis of data will be done using descriptive statistics and inferential. 8. Validity And Reliability In order to validate the study,30% of the sample will be involved for pretesting of the questionnaire. 13

14. REFERENCES N. V. saxena , -, D. K., -, P. M., & -, R. K. (2024). Nutritional Status of Children Under 5 Years Using Gomez’s Classification. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research , 6 (2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.17207 Arpadi , S. M., Horlick, M. N. B., Wang, J., Cuff, P., Bamji , M., & Kotler, D. P. (1998). Body composition in prepubertal children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine , 152 (7), 688–693. Bhandari, T. R., & Chhetri , M. (2013). Nutritional status of under five year children and factors associated in Kapilvastu District, Nepal. J Nutri on Health Food Sci , 1 (1), 2–6. Fund, S. (2015). Sustainable development goals. Available at This Link: Https://Www. Un. Org/ Sustainabledevelopment /Inequality . Pelletier, D. L., Frongillo Jr, E. A., Schroeder, D. G., & Habicht , J. P. (1996). The effects of malnutrition on child mortality in developing countries. Raikhola , P. S., Gaire , T., & Pathak, K. P. (2021). Nutritional status assessment of under five years’ children of Magar Community of Nisdi Rural Municipality, Palpa . International Research Journal of MMC (IRJMMC) , 2 (1), 127–141. Report-on-Childerns-health-and-Nutrition-Status-in-Nepal-1.pdf . ( n.d. ). Unicef , & Organization, W. H. (2017). The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017: Building resilience for peace and food security . USAID. (2018). Nepal: Nutritional Profile. Nutrition Profile , February , 1–7. 14