Objective Knowledge, Subjective Knowledge, Contextual Knowledge, Diverse Knowledge, Dialogical Knowledge.pptx

Objective Knowledge, Subjective Knowledge, Contextual Knowledge, Diverse Knowledge, Dialogical Knowledge

1. Objective Knowledge, Subjective Knowledge, Contextual Knowledge, Diverse Knowledge, Dialogical Knowledge Dr.M.Deivam Assistant Professor Department of Education H.N.B Garhwal University (A Central University) S.R.T Campus, Tehri Garhwal Uttarakhand – 249 199

2. Objective Knowledge Universally True: Objective knowledge is universally valid and not influenced by personal biases or opinions. Fact-Based: It is grounded in facts, logical reasoning, and empirical evidence. Reliable and Verifiable: Objective knowledge can be tested and confirmed by different people under similar conditions. Independent of Opinion: It stands apart from individual experiences or subjective interpretations ( boiling point of water 100°C ). Repeatable and Consistent: Objective knowledge can be validated through repeatable observations or logical deductions .

3. Key Features of Objective Knowledge Based on Reality: Objective knowledge comes from observable or measurable facts and not from personal beliefs or opinions. Independent of Perspective: It remains true no matter who observes it, unlike subjective knowledge, which is influenced by personal feelings or attitudes. For example, "1 + 1 = 2" is always true. Verifiable and Testable: Objective knowledge can be checked or confirmed by others. Results stay consistent when tested multiple times, as seen in scientific experiments.

4. Contd., Universally Agreed Upon: Most people can agree on objective knowledge when given the same evidence. For example, water boils at 100°C at sea level for everyone. Free from Bias or Emotions: Objective knowledge isn't affected by personal preferences or emotions. It stays true, even if people feel differently about it.

5. Relation to Scientific Knowledge Follows the Scientific Method: Scientific knowledge is objective because it is based on a structured process that minimizes bias. Hypothesis and Prediction: Scientists form hypotheses and make predictions that can be tested through experiments. Repeatability and Testability: Scientific results can be repeated and tested by others, ensuring their consistency and objectivity. Independent Verification: Scientific conclusions can be independently verified by other researchers, strengthening their validity. Example - Theory of Gravity: The theory of gravity is an example of objective knowledge. No matter who tests it, experiments consistently show that objects fall due to Earth's gravitational pull.

6. Subjective Knowledge Subjective Knowledge refers to information or understanding that is influenced by personal experiences, feelings, perceptions, or viewpoints . It is based on individual experiences rather than universally verifiable facts. Subjective knowledge is often unique to a person and may differ from one individual to another.

7. Features of Subjective Knowledge Influenced by Personal Experience: Subjective knowledge is shaped by an individual’s emotions, sensations, and perceptions. Private to the Individual: It cannot be universally shared or independently verified by others in the same way that objective knowledge can. Not Replicable: The same experience may produce different interpretations or feelings for different individuals. Firm and Unambiguous for the Individual: Subjective experiences, like feeling warm or seeing a particular color , are clear to the person experiencing them, even if they can't be objectively verified.

8. Relation to Subjective Knowledge Contrast with Objective Reality: While objective knowledge exists independently of the observer, subjective knowledge is tied to personal perception. For example, one might feel a room is hot, but a thermometer shows no temperature change. Grounded in Personal Experience: Subjective knowledge is often viewed as raw data that needs explanation, as personal experiences provide the foundation for interpreting the world. Non-comparable Experiences: Different people's subjective experiences may not be directly comparable (e.g., what one person sees as "red" may not match another person's perception).

9. Contd., Science Distinction : In science, subjective knowledge is considered private to the individual, whereas objective knowledge is publicly observable and can be replicated by others. Ambiguity of Objective vs Subjective: On closer inspection, subjective experience can feel more concrete to the individual, while objective facts may become more complex due to varying contexts.

10. Contextual Knowledge Contextual Knowledge refers to understanding that is deeply influenced by the specific circumstances, environment, or context in which it is applied. It acknowledges that knowledge is not static but depends on the situation, culture, time, or setting in which it is relevant. It is knowledge that is meaningful or accurate only when considered within a particular framework or environment.

11. Features of Contextual Knowledge Dependent on Context: The meaning and applicability of contextual knowledge vary based on the specific situation, culture, or background. What is true or relevant in one context may not apply in another. Dynamic and Flexible: Contextual knowledge adapts to changes in circumstances. It is not rigid and requires understanding the nuances of the environment. Holistic Understanding: It requires a broad understanding of various factors (social, cultural, temporal) that influence knowledge in that particular context.

12. Contd., Practical and Applied: Often linked to practical experience and situational awareness. Contextual knowledge is usually gained by engaging with real-world environments rather than just theoretical learning. Local or Specific: It is often more specific or localized, unlike universal knowledge that applies everywhere. It may be particular to a profession, region, or social setting.

13. Relation to Contextual Knowledge: Influence of Context: Contextual knowledge recognizes that knowledge cannot always be separated from its setting. For example, a cultural practice may only make sense within the historical or social context of that culture. Decision Making and Problem Solving: In many fields (e.g., business, medicine, education), decisions are context-dependent, requiring an understanding of the particular situation before making informed choices. Adaptation to Change: Contextual knowledge helps individuals or systems adapt to new situations because it involves learning that is responsive to changing conditions.

14. Contd., Interdisciplinary Approach: Often involves integrating different types of knowledge (technical, social, cultural) to respond appropriately to specific circumstances. Linked to Subjective and Objective Knowledge: Contextual knowledge often blends subjective experiences with objective facts, considering both individual perceptions and factual data within the context. For example, in healthcare, understanding a patient's background (cultural, social, etc.) helps apply medical knowledge effectively.

15. Diverse Knowledge: Diverse Knowledge refers to the understanding and awareness that comes from multiple perspectives , disciplines, cultures, or sources. It is the recognition that knowledge is not limited to one domain or viewpoint but is enriched by the inclusion of a wide variety of experiences, ideas, and expertise . This type of knowledge encourages interdisciplinary thinking, cultural sensitivity, and the ability to understand and solve complex problems from multiple angles.

16. Features of Diverse Knowledge: Multidisciplinary Approach: Diverse knowledge involves drawing from different fields or areas of expertise to gain a broader understanding of a subject. For example, solving a public health issue may require input from medicine, sociology, economics, and environmental science. Inclusive of Various Perspectives: It recognizes the value of different cultural, social, and experiential viewpoints. This feature enhances creativity, innovation, and problem-solving by integrating diverse ways of thinking. Adaptability: Diverse knowledge is flexible and adaptive, allowing individuals to approach problems in new and innovative ways by incorporating varied insights.

17. Contd., Comprehensive Understanding: Because it draws from a range of sources, diverse knowledge provides a more holistic understanding of complex issues. It reduces the risk of oversimplification by acknowledging the complexity of real-world situations. Encourages Collaboration: Diverse knowledge promotes teamwork and cooperation between individuals or groups with different backgrounds, expertise, or worldviews.

18. Relation to Diverse Knowledge Interdisciplinary Problem Solving: Diverse knowledge brings together different disciplines to solve complex global issues, like climate change or social inequality, with well-rounded solutions. Innovation and Creativity: Exposure to diverse perspectives fosters innovation, helping individuals and teams come up with creative solutions by thinking beyond their own experiences. Cultural Sensitivity and Awareness: Diverse knowledge promotes understanding of different worldviews, values, and practices, encouraging inclusivity and reducing cultural biases.

19. Contd., Learning from Multiple Sources: Diverse knowledge allows individuals to learn from a wide range of teachers, cultures, and experiences, enriching their education and understanding. Reducing Bias: By considering multiple viewpoints, diverse knowledge helps minimize biases and broadens perspectives, allowing for more informed and balanced decision-making.

20. Meaning of Dialogical Knowledge Definition : Dialogical knowledge refers to the understanding and insights gained through dialogue— interaction and communication between individuals . It emphasizes the co-creation of knowledge rather than a mere transmission of information. Philosophical Roots : Influenced by thinkers like Mikhail Bakhtin and Paulo Freire , who emphasized the importance of dialogue in learning and understanding .  

21. Features of Dialogical Knowledge Co-creation: Knowledge is not owned by one individual; it emerges through shared conversation and interaction. Contextual: It is shaped by the cultural, social, and historical contexts of the participants involved in the dialogue. Dynamic: Knowledge is continually evolving as dialogues progress, allowing for new insights and understandings. Mutual Respect: Dialogical knowledge thrives on respect for different perspectives, valuing each participant’s contributions. Transformative: Engaging in dialogue can challenge assumptions, leading to personal and collective transformation.

22. Relation to Dialogical Knowledge Learning Process : Dialogical knowledge fosters deeper learning experiences as it encourages critical thinking and reflection. Collaboration : It emphasizes teamwork and collaborative problem-solving, making it essential in educational and professional settings. Empowerment : By valuing all voices, dialogical knowledge promotes empowerment and inclusivity, enhancing democratic practices. Conflict Resolution : It can play a crucial role in resolving conflicts, as open dialogue can lead to mutual understanding and compromise.

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