Observation skills

An insight On observation Skills

1. OBSERVATION SKILLS

2. What is observation ? Observation is getting information, about objects, events, moves and attitudes using one or more senses.

3. Observation EXAMPLE

4. Types of observation Scientific observation Natural observation Subjective and objective observation Direct and indirect observation

5. Scientific observation The process of analyzing, applying and learning, alternatively it can also be defined as the act of attentive watching, or noticing of a situation. Natural observation It directly assesses the setting of a program, its activities, and individuals who participate in the activities. Subjective and objective observation Subjective: Uses observers personal "views" to draw inference.. for example ," I'm a very tall person“, is subjective  Objective: Uses proven facts to draw inference .. for example " I am exactly 5 foot 5 inches tall" is objective. Direct and indirect observation Direct is when you actually see it out of your own eyes . Indirect observation is when you see it in a newspaper magazine tv etc ,

6. OBSERVATIONS Advantages Disadvantages Most direct measure of behavior Provide direct information Easy to complete & saves time Can be used in natural or experimental setting May require training Observer’s presence may create artificial situation Potential for biasness. Potential for misinterpretation

7. Recording your observations It is not good enough to just observe , you need to record your observations. You might use : Observation guide Recording sheet Checklist Field note Pictures Combinations of the above

8. Who observes you ? Observation of parents / spouse at home Teachers in college Observation by your boss/ colleagues/subordinate Friends at parties People in your environment

9. What are you observing ? -Self and client IN yourself IN your client Body language Emotions Facial expression Body language – posture , position changes, hand gestures.

10. What is a Question ? A question may be either a linguistic expression used to make a request for information , or else the request itself made by such an expression. This information may be provided with an answer.

11. Why do we ask question ? T o clarify doubts. To gather more information. To understand whether the respondent has understood what is being told. To conform whether what we have heard is correct or not.

12. Types of Questions Open and closed questions Funnel questions Probing questions Leading questions

13. AUDIENCE CHOICE- VIDEO OR SLIDES.

14. Close ended questions are: What is your age ? Have you completed your homework? Are you thirsty ? Did you participate in the inter college quiz competition ?

15. Open Ended questions are What happened at the meeting ? Why did he react that way ? How was the party ? Tell me what happened next. Describe the circumstances in more detail.

16. Funnel questions This type of questioning involves inquiring further information into a specific subject by asking general questions first, then homing in at the subject at hand. Usually open-ended questions are used to create a narrative with general information like "why" or "how“. Probing questions Probing question are those queries which seek to find more information about a person by digging dipper. Leading questions A leading question is one that will force the person to answer in more detail

17. How to ask Questions?? Avoid asking questions that can be answered simply with “yes” or “no “. Instead, consider questions that start with “What,” “How??,” “ When??” and “Where??”. Avoid leading questions. Those questions can be perceived by the other as manipulative and dishonest. Avoid frequently asking questions that begin with “why??”.

18. Question Techniques Learning -  process of acquiring knowledge  Relationship building Managing and coaching Avoiding misunderstandings

19. METHODS OF ELICITING RESPONSE This is a technique in which the speaker tries to bring out the response from the audience. Types of responses we can get – Positive Negative

20. FEATURES It’s a 2 way process Response comes from the side of the receiver The type of response up to a large extent is chosen by the speaker

21. EXAMPLE If you want to solve a heated situation in a calm manner then get relaxed, sit calmly and start talking in a normal manner, this will have a slowly relaxed response from the person.