Olympic games in the ancient years

PP presentation

1. ERASMUS+ 2015-2018
5
th
Primary School, Palaio Faliro
Workshop of Sports and Adventure
Olympic Games in Ancient years
Responsible teacher: Andrikopoulos Tryfon
Participating students:Evi Zaga, Antonia Kastritsiou,
Maria Matthaiou, Athanasia Roumana, Eleni
Spanou, Natalia Tsaka, Christina Haidopoulou,
Angelos Koutsoudakis, Achilleas Lagios,
Alexandros Papantoniou, Agisilaos Roumeliotis,
Thanos Tragaris, Yannis Tsakalos

2. OLYMPIC GAMES IN THE ANCIENT YEARS
The Olympic Games in ancient times were the most important
organization of Ancient Greece and were held in Ancient Olympia every
4 years from 776 BC. Athletes from all over Greece (and later from all
places) took part in the Olympic Games and they gradually gained
special glory. Their organization took place until 393, when Emperor
Theodosius banned them. Since 1986 they have been revived with the
name "Olympic Games" and are held as international Games, also
known as "Summer Olympics".

3. ANCIENT OLYMPIA
Olympia was the most glorious sanctuary of ancient Greece dedicated to Zeus, the father of the
gods and people. It was the place where the Olympic Games were held, that took place in the
framework of the Olympics, the most important celebration of Greeks during most of the
antiquity. Similar festivals were the Pythia, organized in honor of Apollo at Delphi, Isthmia in
honor of Poseidon at the Isthmus of Corinth and Nemea, also in honor of Zeus at his sanctuary
in Nemea.

4. The story of Lampadidromia(Torch Race)
During the ancient Olympics, a flame burned during the
races. Torch races in Ancient Greece began as religious
ceremonies and quickly developed into one of the most
popular events. In Panathenaia, the torch race was an
important part of the races.

5. THE OLYMPIC GAMES
(THEN AND NOW)
•Entry was forbidden to women, while
today women can watch the games.
•Only male athletes took part, while
today women also take part.
•In the ancient Olympics, athletes fought naked. This is not the case
today.
•The Olympians were respected by everyone and were awarded with
honors for heroes. And today the winners in the Olympic Games are
honored and enjoy the praise and admiration of all.
•The athletes were awarded an olive wreath as a prize, while in
modern Games, they are given a medal, a bouquet and a certain
amount of money
•The most important difference is that in the past there was the
concept of healthy competition, that is, the best one should win. This
is not the case today, that's why athletes are using anabolic.

6. Some sports

7. R Responiibl tac ii R i hr:Aid:kuTy i
R fPgE i R vdZ,KMuTy
R fcetmSNm i R CrHuTy
R fmeLlPxYa i R iO:Twd:KurT
R fGpxm.ga i R iOZTK:KIMrT
R RltmxaqlatNm i R izI:durKid:kuTy •Αγώνες Δρόμου  Road racing
•Πάλη Wrestling
•Πυγμαχία Boxing
•Παγκράτιο  Pankration
•Πένταθλο  Pentathlon
•Αρματοδρομία  Chariot racing

8. RACESDIZi,uj'MZidr:Aid:kZ2iKIZi3,K:Au4j3i5:,iKIZi
6ud,Kid:kZiKri7ZiZ,K:7Mu,IZA8i9TKuMiKIZi:;KIi
<M=j'uki>:jZ,2iKIZi:KIMZKZ,i5IriKrrwi':dKi
5rdZi:i,j:MMi:'drT2i5IuMZiM:KZdiKIZ=ii,Kd4yyMZAi
T:wZA2iAZjrT,Kd:KuTyiKIZudi'Zd6rdj:TkZiuTi
j:dkIuTyi:TAid4TTuTy8
The simple road race, the "stadium" was the
first race to be established. Until the 15th
Olympic Games, the athletes who took part
wore a small apron, while later they struggled
naked, demonstrating their performance in
marching and running.R esponsibl ns l sl tascl ahl r::cl spcl ap:l ahl Ad:l
ka Al r:uAsuTystl:f:pA P
“Gangway” was a road of speed and one of the
most spectacular events.i 3?u:@Mr,3i 5:,i :M,ri :i ,'ZZAi d:kZ2i uTi 5IukIi KIZi
d4TTZd,2i d4TTuTyi uTi 6r4d2i I:Ai Kri kr@Zdi KIZi K5rA
,K:yZ,i Au,K:TkZi B:7r4Ki CDDi jE8FGK:Au4jFi 5:,i
KIZi 7:,uki ,'ZZAi d:kZi :TAi KIZi rMAZ,Ki d:kZ8i Hi
3?rMukIr,3i5:,i:id4TTuTyir6idZ,u,K:TkZ
"Diavlos" was also a speed race, in which the
runners, running in four, had to cover the two-
stages distance (about 400 m).”Stadium” was
the basic speed race and the oldest race. A
"Dolichos" was a running of resistance

9. WRESTLING<TZi r6i KIZi jr,Ki 'r'4M:di krTKZ,K,i uTi :TkuZTKi >dZZkZi 5:,i vdZ,KMuTy8i IrjZdi uTi KIZi
3HKdrkuKuZ,ir6iO:KdrwMr43iAZ,kdu7Z,i4,i6uyIKuTyi,kZTZ,8
H,i KIZi uT@ZTKrdi r6i KIZi ,'rdK2i DIZ,Z4,i BuTi Iu,i 6uyIKi 5uKIi JZdw=rTEi u,i jZTKurTZA2i 74Ki :M,ri
IZdk4MZ,i B5IZTi KIZ=i 7Z:Ki KIZi yu:TK,i HTK:Z4,2i HkIZMrr,2i DduKrTi :TAi @:dur4,i
jrT,KZd,E8i H':dKi 6drji KIZi K5ri j=KIuk:Mi IZdrZ,2i Ir5Z@Zd2i yrA,i :dZi :M,ri jZTKurTZAi
:,iuT@ZTKrd,ir6iKIZi5dZ,KMuTy2i,4kIi:,iIZdjZ,i:TAiIu,iA:4yIKZdiO:M:Z,Kd:8
KTi KIZi <M=j'uki >:jZ,2i 5dZ,KMuTyi 5:,i uTKdrA4kZAi :,i :Ti uTAZ'ZTAZTKi d:kZi :Ki KIZi :LKIi
<M=j'uki>:jZ,iBMDLiCzE2i74Ki:M,ri:,i:i'ZTK:KIMrTid:kZ8
NdrjiKIZiOMKIi<M=j'uki>:jZ,iBPOQiCzE2iKIZikIuMAdZTi7Zy:TiKri6uyIKiuTivdZ,KMuTy8
One of the most popular contests in ancient Greece was Wrestling. Homer in the
"Atrocities of Patroklou" describes us fighting scenes.
As the inventor of the sport, Theseus (in his fight with Kerkyon) is mentioned, but also
Hercules (when they beat the giants Antaeus, Acheloos, Triton and various
monsters). Apart from the two mythical heroes, however, gods are also mentioned
as inventors of the wrestling, such as Hermes and his daughter Palaestra.
In the Olympic Games, wrestling was introduced as an independent race at the 18th
Olympic Games (708 BC), but also as a pentathlon race.
From the 37th Olympic Games (632 BC), the children began to fight in Wrestling.
.gEpc lahlnt: AyEpo
GK:TAuTyi 5dZ,KMuTyRi DIZi yr:Mi r6i KIu,i wuTAi r6i 5dZ,KMuTyi 5:,i Kri 5dZ,KMZi KIZi ZTZj=i rTi KIZi
ydr4TA8
HMuTAZ,u,Ri uTi KIu,i K='Zi r6i 5dZ,KMuTyi j:uTM=i KIZi Mr5Zdi ':dKi r6i KIZi 7rA=i B5:u,K2i KIuyI,2i
wTZZ,Ei:TAiI:TA,i5:,iZHZdku,ZA8
Kinds of wrestling
Standing wrestling: The goal of this kind of wrestling was to wrestle the enemy on the
ground.
Alindesis: in this type of wrestling mainly the lower part of the body (waist, thighs,
knees) and hands was exercised.

10. BOXINGCrHuTyi 5:,i :i @urMZTKi :TAi r6KZTi AZ:AM=i :KIMZKuki
Z@ZTK8i DIZi I:TA,i 5ZdZi dZuT6rdkZAi 5uKIi KIukwi
MZ:KIZdi ,Kd:',i 6drji KIZi ZM7r5i Kri KIZi '4TkIZ,2i
5IuMZi KIZi 6uTyZd,i 5ZdZi MZ6Ki 4Tkr@ZdZAi uTi rdAZdi
Kri kMr,Zi :TAi 6rdji :i '4TkI8i DIZi ,Kd:',i j:=i
I:@Zi 7ZZTi dZuT6rdkZAi 5uKIi ,j:MMi MZ:Ai 7rMK,i rdi
T:uM,8i KTi k:,Zi KI:Ki KIZi 6uyIKi M:,KZAi :i MrTyi KujZi
5uKIr4Ki :i 5uTTZd2i KIZi 6uyIKZd,i I:Ai Kri Ari KIZi
,rAk:MMZAi 3,k:MZ38i DI:Ki u,2i KIZi 7rHZd,i ,KrrAi ,KuMMi
5uKIr4Ki AZ6ZTAuTyi rdi :@ruAuTyi KIZi ,KduwZ2i 5IuMZi
:MKZdT:KZM=i KIZ=i ZHkI:TyZAi 74j',i 4TKuMi rTZi r6i
KIZiK5rikrMM:',ZA8
Boxing was a violent and often deadly athletic
event. The hands were reinforced with thick
leather straps from the elbow to the punches,
while the fingers were left uncovered in order
to close and form a punch. The straps may
have been reinforced with small lead bolts or
nails. In case that the fight lasted a long time
without a winner, the fighters had to do the
so-called "scale". That is, the boxers stood still
without defending or avoiding the strike, while
alternately they exchanged bumps until one of
the two collapsed.
Among the oldest sports, it was included in the
Olympic Games in 688 BC. And the children's
boxing entered the Olympic program in 616
BC. In the picture, we see Melagomas, a boxer
equal with the boxers of today.

11. PANCRATIOvZ,KMZmSN
SAlC:yapo:clEplAd:ld:sfin:EodAlusA:oatil
spclscc:clAalAd:lNyikrEulrtaotsklhatlk:pl
EplHLxlYKOlEplAd:lwwtclNyikrEscOlspclhatlAd:l
udEyct:plEplG..lYK
PANCRATIO
It belonged in the heavyweight category
and added to the Olympic program for men
in 648 BC, in the 33rd Olympiad, and for the
children in 200 BC
The event was distinguished in the upper or
orthostatic pancratio (when the athletes
were fighting standing up) and in the lower
pancratio (when the opponents fell and
continued their fighting down). In training,
athletes usually used the orthostatic, while
in the races the lower pancratio.
Pankaratists had to combine the
qualifications of wrestlers and boxers at the
same time, while the competition had strict
rules to be followed.

12. PENTATHLON
Pentathlon was used to be started by
throwing a disc or jumping It
continued with javelin throwing,
running and wrestling. Preliminary
training in gyms included four
jumping categories: high
jump(standing), high
jump(running), long jump and deep
jump, while in the Olympic Games
only the long jump is mentioned.
Pentathlon was introduced in 708 BC, at the
18th Olympiad, and was consisted of five
events ...... discus, javelin, jump, running and
wrestling
From these events the first three were considered
light and the last two heavy.
The tradition says that first Jason created the
Pentathlon, the union of five different games in
honor of his friend Palais, who had won in
wresling,at the events made by the Argonauts in
Lemnos but he had come second in all the other
events.
Jump, javelin and discus were only pentathlon
events, while running and wrestling were also
held separately with their own prize.
Winner of the Pentathlon was considered the
most important. In fact, Aristotle considers him
"the best of the Greeks". However, the way of
proclaiming the pentathletes is unknown.

13. JUMPRes pons ieblneps tachlbr:s pons Adchs kirs
biuulnTs ydps ciletas les pons fuicns yfs pons
hnepipotyes ieTs uiuntas irs is rnhiuipns uibnPs
getlEns pons cyTnues Adchlev:s konuns pons yetas
nZdlhcneps yfs pons Adchnus lrs olrs ipotnplbs
roynr:s pons ieblneps tachliers drnTs rpyens yus
tniTsknlvopr:sTdc,,nttrP
In the ancient Olympics, the jump was
carried out mainly in the frame of the
pentathlon and rarely as a separate race.
Unlike the modern jumping, where the only
equipment of the jumper is his athletic
shoes, the ancient Olympians used stone or
lead weights, dumbbells.Kons Tdc,,nttrs knuns yfs Tlffnuneps pahnr:s
TnhneTlevs yes ponlus roihnMs nttlhrylT:s
ic,lvdydr:s ichol,lydr:s ,dps cyrptas tyevs ieTs
blubdtiuPKons yenrs koys knuns unrbdnTs knlvos
mSmN:s mCHNs yus LNmHs yus nxnes CSLYs vuicrPs
KonasdrnTsponcsibbyuTlevtaP
The dumbbells were of different types,
depending on their shape: ellipsoid,
ambiguous, amphibious, but mostly long and
circular.The ones who were rescued weigh
1610, 1480 or 2018 or even 4629 grams.
They used them accordingly.

14. DISCUSResp onibp bl ta p bsilcs p hinrp :esp
Adtlsd:p csikp ublTnup oeltep
rsAd p :einoyp fttnibldPp :np
gAa AdlA Ep :esp ldcsd:nip nhp :esp
bl ta p oA p gsi sa yp Resp
Adtlsd:p Pnbp fvnZZnp nip p Pnbbs p
fi:srl p oA p tnd lbsisbp :esp
vin:st:nip Pnbp nhp :esp bl ta p
:einoldPyp ,l ta p l p Ap tlitaZAiEp
kltndcsKp vZAMasp al:AkZsp hnip
viAmldPEp oeltep oA p nilPldAZZmp
rAbsp nhp :ndsp Adbp ZA:sip nhp
rs:AZEp :eA:p l Ep ZsAbp lindp nip
hniPsbp tnvvsiyp Snip sKsitl ldPp
osp Tdnop :eA:p :esmp AZ np a sbp
onnby
The word discus derives from the
ancient verb "diko" which
means throw. According to
Pausanias, the inventor of the
discus was Perseus. The
ancient god Apollo or goddess
Artemis was considered the
protector god of the discus
throwing. Discus is a circular,
biconvex plaque suitable for
spraying, which was originally
made of stone and later of
metal, that is, lead iron or
forged copper. For exercising
we know that they also used
wood.

15. DISCUSOlrbdrs pouyklevs kirs is hyhdtius uibns fyus pons weblneps
GunnEr:skolboslrsitrysroykeslesponlusiupP
wbbyuTlevs pys pons GunnEs puiTlplye:s .nurndrs lexnepnTs Tlrbdrs
pouyklevs ieTs Tdulevs olrs hiuplblhiplyes les rycns uibnr:s ons
pounks pons Tlrbdrs ieTs ElttnTs leiTxnupneptas olrs vuieTfiponus
wEulrlyrPs whytty:s itry:s les is Tlrbdrs pouyklevs nxnep:s Elttrs olrs
fulneTsIiElepoyrP
s Res vnenuit:s Tdns pys lprs eipdun:s Tlrbdrs pouyklevs fuycs
hunolrpyulbsplcnrslrsirryblipnTsklposcieasfipitsibblTneprP
qyucitta:s oyknxnu:s pons Tlrbdrs pouyklevs lrs Tnrbul,nTs les
zycnuDrs TarrnasieTsRtliTP
Discus throwing was a popular race for the Ancient
Greeks, which is also shown in their art.
According to the Greek tradition, Perseus invented discus
throwing and during his participation in some races, he
threw the discus and killed inadvertently his grandfather
Akrisios. Apollo, also, in a discus throwing event, kills his
friend Yakinthos.
In general, due to its nature, discus throwing from
prehistoric times is associated with many fatal accidents.
Formally, however, the discus throwing is described in
Homer's Odyssey and Iliad.Kul,dpnrs jrdbos irs pons Tlrbdrs pons 'yulepodrs .yhtldrs wrEtlhliTlrs 2s ies tachlbs boichlyes ips pons L3pos
tachliTs les LCms wO4:s kolbos lrs Enhps les pons 5drndcs yfs tachli:s oirs ies lerbul,nTs lerbulhplyes
TnTlbipnTs pys 6ndrPs es pons Tlrbdr:s ,nrlTnrs lerbulhplyer:s ponuns knuns xiulydrs unhunrnepiplyerPs Konas
drdittas TnhlbpnTs ipotnpnrPs ponus plcnrs ponas drnTs pys kulpns yTnrs yus xiulydr s puniplnr:s rdbos irs pons
punipasyfsponsribunTspudbnsles tachliP
Tributes (such as the discus the Corinthus Poplius Asklipiadis - an Olympic champion at the 25th
Olympiad in 241 AD), which is kept in the Museum of Olympia, has an inscribed inscription
dedicated to Zeus. On the discus, besides inscriptions, there were various representations. They
usually depicted athletes. Other times they used to write odes or various treaties, such as the
treaty of the sacred truce in Olympia.

16. JAVELINKonsieblnepsGunnErsyfpnestlEnTs
huibplrlevslesAdxntlespouyklev:s
irspolrskirsponlusciles
ivvunrrlxnsknihyePsRpslrsEeykes
fuycsponszycnulbsnhlbrP
78puncnsAixntleMs9ixntlespouyklevs
kirsTyensipspons:piTldcsieTs
lespon s sxirnsTnhlbplyerspons
ipotnpnsihhniurspysrpiupsfuycsis
fl8nTshylepP
:pyboirplbsAixntleMs9dxntles
pouyklevsipsispiuvnpskirs
drdittasTyens,asisoyurn
The ancient Greeks often liked
practising in juvelin throwing,
as this was their main
aggressive weapon. It is known
from the Homeric epics.
Extreme javelin: Javelin throwing
was done at the Stadium and
in the vase depictions the
athlete appears to start from a
fixed point.
Stochastic javelin: Juvelin
throwing at a target was
usually done by a horse

17. HORSE RACESKonaslebtdTnTsoyurnsulTlevsnxneprsieTsboiulypsuibnrP s
KonsoyurnsulTlevsnxneprsknunsontTsles tachliP
They included horse riding events and chariot races.
The horse riding events were held in Olympia.

18. CHARIOT RACES
In the Homer times, the
charioteer was the owner himself,
but in the historical times the
charioteers were not the owners
of the horses. The victory,
however, belonged to the owners
who were even crowned winners,
while for the charioteer the prize
was a woolen ribbon, that the
horseman (the owner of the
horse) tied on his front. That is
why in Olympia we have names of
women who are mentioned as
winners in chariot races, children
or even cities.

19. Place for chariot racesR R espR osnibl R inopR tnaR olchro phR n R nR a:pobnAR
a ndpkR spR uinop inoTukR lyR rcTcltcR
hbfpcablcaR lhnPg
espR lcAPR inop inoTR sn R baR ariEbEphR lhnPR bcR
vippopR baR Alon phR bcR spR ZPTnblR ,lrc nbcR
nchR baR KMMR fp piaR AlcdkR liR lcpR nchR nR snAyR
a ndpakRnchRnRsrchiphRfp piaRtbhpg
R espRmAPf:bnRinop inoTkRnoolihbcdR lRSnrancbnakR
aslrAhRsnEp R NppcRtbhpig
espR a ni bcdR fposncbafR tnaR ncR bcEpc blcR lyR
CAplb nkR tsbosR tnaR :piypo phR NPR Hiba bhpagR H R
lcpR pchR lyR spR inopolriapR tnaR spR ilrchR
nA niR lyR eninTb::lakR nchR spR sliapaR tpipR
rcpL:po phAPR :ncbophR tspcR spPR :naaphR
yilfR sbaR:lbc g
The chariot race was conducted at a special
stage, the "racetrack", of unknown
dimensions today.
The only racetrack that is survived today in
Greece is located in the Lykaio Mountain
and is 300 meters long, or one and a half
stages, and a hundred meters wide.
The Olympia racetrack, according to Pausanias,
should have been wider.
The starting mechanism was an invention of
Cleoita, which was perfected by Aristides. At
one end of the racecourse was the round
altar of Tarakippos, and the horses were
unexpectedly paniced when they passed
from this point.

20. Other sportsResponibnl petap onechn
r :slprp o
Acnehhdrdicnrinrapnerakprpoun
rapnl petap onechnrapn
r :slprp onTp pn
hdordcy:doaphndcnfkPsldegn
EapPnle rdtdlerphndcn etpon
raernTp pndcr ih:tphnern
rapnvZranfkPsldehundcn,vZn
KMunechnrapnTdccp onaehnen
l dmdkpyphn ikpnh: dcynrapd n
ettislkdoaspcrg
Games of preachers and
trumpeters
In addition to the athletes,
the preachers and the
trumpeters were
distinguished in Olympia.
They participated in races
that were introduced at
the 96th Olympiad, in 396
BC, and the winners had a
privileged role during their
accomplishment.

21. THANKS
We would like to thank our teachers :
Maria Tarla,
Anna Stefanidou,
Teresa Kladi,
Panos Giovanopoulos,
Matoula Tsoureka
for their help in carrying this Workshop
out!