Open Educational Resources (OER)

It talks of various aspects of OER

1. Open Educational Resources (OER) Nisha Singh Deputy Director, IUC, IGNOU

2. Open Things… Open Access Open Content Open Course ware Open Source Software Open Education / e-Learning Open Educational Resources …and many more things

3. Image source: http://www.bihardays.com/ What is OER?

4. Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching and learning materials that you may freely use and reuse at no cost, and without needing to ask permission. Unlike copyrighted resources, OER have been authored or created by an individual or organization that chooses to retain few, if any, ownership rights. https://www.oercommons.org/about

5. Open Educational Resources (OER) are ‘materials offered freely and openly to use and adapt for teaching, learning, development and research’. - The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) http ://www.col.org/resources/crsMaterials/Pages/OCW-OER.aspx

6. UNESCO definition Open Educational Resources are teaching, learning or research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows for free use, adaptation, and distribution.

7. OER coined at UNESCO’s 2002 Forum on Open Courseware and designated “teaching, learning and research materials in any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions .”

8. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/247 Tracing OER In 1994 Wayne Hodgins coined the term “learning object(LO)” LO /digital materials can be designed and produced for use and reuse in a variety of pedagogical situations. Also generated few standards like Reuse detailing metadata, content exchange, and other standards necessary to find and reuse digital educational content (ARIADNE, IMS, IEEE LTSC / LOM, SCORM, .)

9. Open Content In 1998 David Wiley coined the term “ open content ,” for content availability among the educational community (and learning object creators specifically) Open source / free software movements can be productively applied to content and created Open Publication Licence http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/

10. Creative Commons… In 2001 Larry Lessig and others founded the Creative Commons more flexible set of licenses stronger legal documents credibility and confidence to open movement easy to use

11. 2001 MIT announced its OpenCourseWare initiative In 2001 MIT initiated to publish university course for free public access for non-commercial use. An example of commitment at an institutional level, encourage similar projects lending the MIT brand to the movement.

12. Open education is not limited to just open educational resources. It also draws upon open technologies that facilitate collaborative, flexible learning and the open sharing of teaching practices that empower educators to benefit from the best ideas of their colleagues. It may also grow to include new approaches to assessment, accreditation and collaborative learning'. http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/ 2007: Cape Town Open Education Declaration

13. 2009 : Dakar Declaration on Open Educational Resources 2011 : Commonwealth of Learning and UNESCO Guidelines on Open Educational Resources in Higher Education

14. Foster awareness and use of OER. Facilitate enabling environments for use of ICT. Reinforce the development of strategies and policies on OER. Promote the understanding and use of open licensing frameworks. Support capacity building for the sustainable development of quality learning materials. 2012: PARIS OER DECLARATION

15. Foster strategic alliances for OER Encourage the development and adaptation of OER in a variety of languages and cultural contexts. Encourage research on OER. Facilitate finding, retrieving and sharing of OER. Encourage the open licensing of educational materials produced with public funds.

16. 2 nd OER Congress in Slovenia https://www.oercongress.org/

17. Ljubljana OER Action Plan 111 countries 2017 Ljubljana OER Action Plan. 41 recommended actions to mainstream open-licensed resources 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 4 on “quality and lifelong education.” five strategic areas, namely: building the capacity of users to find, re-use, create and share OER; language and cultural issues; ensuring inclusive and equitable access to quality OER; developing sustainability models; and developing supportive policy environments. https://www.oercongress.org/woerc-actionplan/

18. OER

19. Production, management, use and reuse of OER Developing and applying open/public pedagogies in teaching practice Open learning and gaining access to open learning opportunities Practicing open scholarship, to encompass open access publication, open science and open research Open sharing of teaching ideas and know-how Using open technologies (web-based platforms, applications and services) in an educational context What are 'Open Educational Practices'? https://oersynth.pbworks.com/w/page/51685003/OpenPracticesWhat

20. The 5 Rs of OER: http://opencontent.org/definition/

21. Why OERs Not reinventing the wheel Sharing good practice Capacity building Breaking down barriers to learning Networking between teaching practitioners Cross fertilisation of ideas between disciplines

22. OER can help governments meet the aims set out in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially with regard to SDG4: ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education, and promoting lifelong learning opportunities for all

23. OER could be …… Activities & Labs Assessments Audio Lectures Case Study Curriculum Standards Discussion Forums Full Course Games Homework & Assignments Images & Illustrations Interactive Text Lecture Notes Lesson Plans Readings Resource Review Simulations Syllabi Teaching & Learning Strategies Textbooks Training Materials Unit of Study Video Lectures Any materials associated with teaching and learning!

24. Some OER initiatives MIT’s Open Courseware initiative OER Africa OER Asia Open University’s OpenLearn JISC have funded 3 phases of projects in this area in the UK Jorum is the national repository for teaching and learning materials (many are OERs)

25. OER Africa

26. OER Based ODL Course Material

27. OER Repository

28. Afghanistan

29. ' Darakht -e danesh ' means "knowledge tree"

30. Some OER Repositories

31. http://oasis.col.org/

32. Some OER initiatives in India NPTEL NROER Project Oscar-IIIT-B Open Educational Resources for Schools (OER4S)- Homi Bhabha Center for Science Education NIOS-OER TESS-India KROER

33. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB)

34. Open Educational Resources for Schools (OER4S) http://www.hbcse.tifr.res.in/research-development/projects/open-educational-resources-for-schools-oer4s

35. National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)

36. National Repository of OERs

37. National Institute of Open Schooling http://oer.nios.ac.in/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

38. Pratham Books Intiative

39. SAKSHAT http://www.sakshat.ac.in/

40. How do we know if it is an OER?

41. Copyright and OER

42. Copyright and OER exclusive rights, given to creators and authors to protect their original works an incentive for creativity to authors and creators as well as a means of financial compensation for their intellectual property

43. Copyright and OER copyright is automatic and ‘all rights reserved’ copyright holder has the exclusive right for a certain period of time, after which time the work enters the public domain.

44. http ://creativecommons.org/license Most developed alternative Licensing approach : Larry Lassig User friendly licenses for digital materials Creative Commons

45. Creative Commons The CC licenses are expressed via an innovative three-layer approach: • The ‘ lawyer-readable’ layer is the legal text that makes the license enforceable in court. • The ‘human-readable’ layer is a simple summary of the legal text that communicates the main permission and conditions of the work to a general audience. • The ‘ machine-readable’ layer is metadata expressed in ways computers and search engines can understand that permit CC-licensed works to be searched for and discovered online.

46. Creative Commons licenses CC licenses are not an alternative to copyright. They enable creators to distribute their content to a wide audience and specify the manner in which the work can be used while still maintaining their copyright . CC aims to make copyright content more ‘active’ by ensuring that content can be redeveloped easily.

47. Creative Commons licenses All CC licenses have common features: help creators/licensors retain copyright while allowing others to copy, distribute, and make some uses of their work — at least non-commercially. ensure licensors get the credit for their work. work around the world and last as long as applicable copyright lasts (because they are built on copyright). These common features serve as the baseline, on top of which licensors can choose to grant additional permissions when deciding how they want their work to be used .

48. Creative Commons Conditions Condition Explanation Attribution (BY) All CC licenses require that others who use your work in any way must attribute it – i.e. must reference the work, giving you credit for it – the way you request, but not in a way that suggests you endorse them or their use of the work. Non-Commercial (NC) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform and (unless you have chosen No Derivatives) modify and use your work for any purpose other than commercially. No Derivative works (ND) You let others copy, distribute, display and perform only original copies of your work. Share Alike (SA) You let others copy, distribute, display, perform and modify your work, as long as they distribute any modified work on the same terms. https://creativecommons.org/

49. Six Creative Commons licenses Attribution (CC-BY) lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. most accommodating of licenses offered. recommended for maximum dissemination and use of licensed materials.

50. Creative Commons licenses ctd Attribution- ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial purposes, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. Often compared to “ copyleft ” free and open source software licenses. All new works based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use. This is the license used by Wikipedia .

51. Example: BY-SA Published by WikiEducator BY-SA With Attribution (BY) Share Alike (SA)

52. Creative Commons licenses ctd Attribution- NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you. Attribution- NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially , and although their new works must also acknowledge you and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their derivative works on the same terms.

53. http://www.open.ac.uk/about/open-educational-resources/home/open-educational-media-operating-policy

54. Creative Commons licenses ctd Attribution- NonCommercial - ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms .

55. Creative Commons licenses ctd Attribution- NonCommercial - NoDerivs ( CC BY-NC-ND) This license is the most restrictive, only allowing others to download your works and share them with others as long as they credit you, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.

56. Example: NC-ND Published by WIPO CC-NC-ND Free of charge Non-Commercial (may cover all costs but no profit) No Derivatives (No editing)

57. Creative Commons Public Domain Tool CC’s public domain tool enable authors and copyright owners who want to dedicate their works to the worldwide public domain to do so. The CC0 tool (“No Rights Reserved”) allows licensors to waive all rights and place a work in the public domain. The Public Domain mark identifies a work that is free of known copyright restrictions . It is not recommend for works that are restricted by copyright laws in one or more jurisdictions .

58. Summary - Open licenses

59. http://www.oerafrica.org/copyright-and-licensing-toolkit/challenges-seeking-permission

60. http://www.oerafrica.org/copyright-and-licensing-toolkit/challenges-seeking-permission

61. Issues while considering CC Licensing No registration required to license your work clearly spell out rights in terms of the materials that third parties produce, including the possibility of subsequent use and reuse by third parties If your work contains third-party (i.e. not created by you) content (e.g. images, text, charts) and you wish to distribute your work widely as an OER – whether in person, or electronically or online – then you must undergo copyright clearance to obtain permission for third-party content

62. Searching and Creating Open Educational Resources

63. Searching OER Google Advanced Search Creative Commons Search JORUM Xpert Connecting Repositories BASE FreeFullPDF Directory of OER

64. Google Advanced Search Searching OER

65. Creative Commons Search Searching OER

66. JORUM (UK) Searching OER

67. Searching OER Xpert : Searching OER

68. Connecting Repositories Searching OER

69. BASE Searching OER

70. Free FullPDF Searching OER

71. Directory of OER Searching OER

72. NROER Searching OER

73. Major OER Platforms Wiki Educator OER Commons College Open textbooks CK-12 Siyavula MERLOT OpenLearn OpenStax CNX (earlier Connexions ) Saylor Academy BC Open Textbooks Open Course Library NPTEL

74. Short Online Course for Understanding OER

75. Creating Open Educational Resources

76. Text Graphics Images Audio Animations Video OER may be any one or combination of any of these:

77. eXe - eLearning XHTML editor ( eXe ) An authoring environment to assist teachers in the design, development and publishing of web-based learning and teaching materials without the need to become proficient in HTML or complicated web-publishing applications.

78. Many content management and learning management systems do not provide an intuitive WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) environment where authors can see what their content will look like in a browser when published eXe has been developed as an offline authoring tool

79. Mind/Concept Mapping – Free Mind Free mind is an Open Source Software widely used in making mind/concept maps.

80. Uses of Free Mind Track projects Collection of notes (a  knowledge base) Essay writing and brainstorming  Small database  Organization

81. Concept Mapping – C-Map C-Map is an Open Source Software widely used in making concept maps.

82. Using C Map

83. Thanks