Oral Presentation BSN for nursingstudents.pptx

Oral presentation

1. Oral Presentation Prepared & Presented By: SADIA KHAN Lecturer English, INS,KMU BSN 4 th , English III 10/29/2023 1

2. C ontent Oral Presentation Preparing an Effective Presentation Elements of Presentation Question and Answer Sessions (Q&As) in Your Presentations BSN 4 th INS, KMU Email: [email protected] 2

3. Oral Presentation BSN 4 th INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 3 An oral presentation is more than just reading a paper or set of slides to an audience. How you deliver your presentation is at least as important in effectively communicating your message as what you say. Use these guidelines to learn simple tools that help you prepare and present an effective presentation. DEFINITION Oral presentation can be defined as formal information describe/explain by someone to the group of people. It is carried out by using the audio and visual presentation material such as slide, handouts etc.

4. Preparing an Effective Presentation A good presenter is not the one who only presents his views in front of audience regardless of the fact whether they are interested in listening to him or not instead , a good presenter is one who engages the audience while sharing his views and keeps their interest maintained . Followings are the factors which can make your presentation effective : Organize your thoughts Start with an outline and develop good transitions between sections. Emphasize the real-world significance of your topic. Have a strong opening Why should the audience listen to you? One good way to get their attention is to start with a question, whether or not you expect an answer. Define terms early If you are using terms that may be new to the audience, introduce them early in your presentation. Once an audience gets lost in unfamiliar terminology, it is extremely difficult to get them back on track. BSN 4 th INS,KMU Email:[email protected] 4

5. Finish with a bang  Find one or two sentences that sum up the importance of your research. How is the world better off as a result of what you have done? Time yourself. Do not wait until the last minute to time your presentation. Like if you only have 15 minutes to speak, so you want to know, as soon as possible, if you are close to that limit. Be excited. You are talking about something exciting. If you remember to be excited, your audience will feel it and automatically become more interested. Speak with confidence . When you are speaking, you are the authority on your topic, but do not pretend that you know everything. If you do not know the answer to a question, admit it. Consider deferring( postpone) the question to your mentor or offer to look into the matter further . “ Only the prepared speaker deserve to be confident ” BSN 4 th INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 5

6. Make eye contact with the audience.   Your purpose is to communicate with y our audience, and people listen more if they feel you are talking directly to them. As you speak, let your eyes settle on one person for several seconds before moving on to somebody else. You do not have to make eye contact with everybody, but make sure you connect with all areas of the audience equally. Avoid reading from the screen.  First, if you are reading from the screen, you are not making eye contact with your audience. Second, if you put it on your slide, it is because you wanted them to read it, not you. Summary When you start your presentation, the audience will be interested in what you say. An effective presentation is more than just standing up and giving information. A presenter must consider how best to communicate the information to the audience. BSN 4 TH INS,KMU 6 Email: [email protected]

7. Elements of Presentation Context Ask yourself the following questions to develop a full understanding of the context of the presentation. When and where you will deliver your presentation? There is a world of difference between a small room with natural light and an informal setting, and a huge lecture room, lit with stage lights. The two require quite different presentations, and different techniques. Will it be in a setting you are familiar with, or somewhere new? If somewhere new, it would be worth trying to visit it in advance, or at least arriving early, to familiarize yourself with the room . Will the presentation be within a formal or less formal setting? Will the presentation be to a small group or a large crowd? Are you already familiar with the audience? BSN 4 TH INS,KMU Email:[email protected] 7

8. Audience “ The success of your presentation will be judged not by the knowledge you send but by what the listener receives." - Lilly Walters ”. However , this reception will be filtered through and affected by such things as the listener’s own experience, knowledge and personal sense of values. Audience expectations When people become audience members in a speech situation, they bring with them expectations about the occasion, topic, and speaker. Violating audience expectations can have a negative impact on the effectiveness of the speech. Knowledge of topic Audience knowledge of a topic can vary widely on any given occasion, therefore, communicators should find out what their audience already knows about the topic . Attitude toward topic Knowing audience members’ attitudes about a topic will help a speaker determine the best way to reach their goals. Imagine that a presenter is trying to convince the community to build a park. A speaker would probably be inclined to spend the majority of the speech giving reasons why a park would benefit the community . Audience size Many elements of speech-making change in accordance with audience size. In general, the larger the audience the more formal the presentation should be. Sitting down and using common language when speaking to a group of 10 people is often quite appropriate. However, that style of presentation would probably be inappropriate or ineffective if you were speaking to 1,000 people . BSN 4 TH INS,KMU Email:[email protected] 8

9. Message The message or messages are delivered by the presenter to the audience. The message is delivered not just by the spoken word ( verbal communication ) but can be augmented by techniques such as voice projection, body language, gestures, eye contact ( non-verbal communication ), and visual aids The message will also be affected by the audience’s expectations. For example, if you have been billed as speaking on one particular topic, and you choose to speak on another, the audience is unlikely to take your message on board  even if you present very well . They will judge your presentation a failure, because you have not met their expectations . Reaction The audience’s reaction and therefore the success of the presentation will largely depend upon whether you, as presenter, effectively communicated your message, and whether it met their expectations. As a presenter, you don’t control the audience’s expectations. What you can do is find out what they have been told about you by the conference organizers, and what they are expecting to hear. Only if you know that can you be confident of delivering something that will meet expectations. BSN 4 TH INS,KMU Email:[email protected] 9

10. Presenter The role of the presenter is to communicate with the audience and control the presentation. Remember, that may also include handing over the control to your audience, especially if you want some kind of interaction. Method Presentations are usually delivered direct to an audience.  However, there may be occasions where they are delivered from a distance over the Internet using video conferencing systems, such as Skype. It is also important to remember that if your talk is recorded and posted on the internet, then people may be able to access it for several yea Impediments Many factors can influence the effectiveness of how your message is communicated to the audience. For example background noise or other distractions, an overly warm or cool room, or the time of day and state of audience alertness can all influence your audience’s level of concentration. As presenter, you have to be prepared to cope with any such problems and try to keep your audience focused on your message. BSN 4 TH INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 10

11. Question and Answer Sessions (Q&As) in Your Presentations Allowing the audience to ask questions after a presentation is a popular way to finish, and it has many advantages. You get direct contact with your audience, and the chance to clear up any ambiguities. It’s a good way to show commitment to and interest in your audience and gives you the opportunity to really deepen participants’ knowledge of your subject. The following tips will help you get the most out of your Q&As: Listen carefully to the question Don’t interrupt nor let anybody else interrupt the person asking the question. If you are not sure you understood the question correctly . Ask for Clarification or Repetition If you did not understand the question or if you are not sure politely ask the person to repeat or explain it.  You can encourage the person to stand up so that the entire audience can hear the question .   Credit the questioner If you find the question interesting, don’t hesitate to  credit the questioner  (“That was a great question” or, “Glad you asked that question”). If you don’t like the question, try not to show it, don’t attack the person nor make any negative comments.  BSN 4 TH INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 11

12. BSN 4 TH INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 12 Respond to Questions Positively Always answer questions positively and with gratitude. Creating a good atmosphere in which no one is afraid to speak out is paramount. A simple “Thanks for your question” or “Thanks very much; you raise an interesting point” before you answer in detail helps to ensure this . Repeat the Question It is really important to repeat every question. Most of the time, there’s no microphone for the audience to use, so the only way to ensure that everyone has heard the question is for you to repeat it. Not only will all your audience then get something from the answer, but you will (hopefully!) prevent the same question being asked more than once. Thoughtful Answers Need Thinking Time It is important to give well thought-out and structured answers, even if you need a bit of thinking time. Resist the urge to respond immediately; take the time you need to give a clear answer. Audiences are more patient than you might think and will appreciate not being fobbed off with a shoddy or bungled answer.

13. BSN 4 TH INS, KMU Email:[email protected] 13 How to Manage a Flurry of Questions Some people will throw several questions at you at the same time. It’s almost impossible to keep them all in mind while answering. So the best tactic here is to choose an easy question and answer it thoroughly, allowing the questioner to follow up on it and the other topics to build organically into the discussion. Asking “So, you had another question?” will either elicit a repeat of an important question, so you can answer that with the attention it deserves, or, interestingly, you will have covered the ground in the preceding discussion, and the questioner will declare themselves satisfied. React Calmly and Confidently to Aggressive Questions There’s generally at least one troublemaker at every Q&A. They try to corner you with negative or aggressively formulated questions (often several at the same time). Often people who know the topic well, and can rebut your answers, their underlying intention is definitely to provoke.  In such a situation you need to react confidently and  not  go on the defensive. The trick is to remain calm and in control, and try to turn the conversation in a positive direction.  Conceding that they have a point, or that you agree with certain of their reservations, creates perceived agreement; this can defuse the aggression. Another bugbear is questions which were already answered comprehensively in your presentation, so it’s obvious that the questioner wasn’t actually listening. In this situation, try to avoid making them look foolish in public by such phrases as “As I’ve already explained …” – the best tactic is simply to answer the question in a calm and friendly manner.

14. 10/19/2023 14 BSN 4 TH INS, KMU Don’t Guess ! You don’t have to have an immediate answer for every single question. Someone in the audience may have new information, or perhaps you don’t have the relevant figures to hand.  Bluffing in such circumstances is a very weak response and can turn people against you.  Honesty really is the best policy here:  if you don’t know the answer, admit it ! If you want to answer but need to make assumptions to do so, you have to make it very clear that you’re proceeding on assumptions, and state what they are. Either way, you can promise to contact the questioner with an answer later if that works for you . Summary When someone is asking a question, make eye contact with that person, listen positively, and acknowledge by saying "thank you for that question," or say "that is an excellent question" or "that is an important question". If the audience is in a large room and cannot hear each other's questions, repeat the question loudly for everyone to hear, before answering it. If you know the answer to the question, respond appropriately and briefly so you can take more questions and not spend too much time on one question.