Order Hemiptera and their important families

Important characters of order Hemiptera and their important families.

1. SAM HIGGINBOTTOM UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES Important characters of order Hemiptera and their important families ENT-326

2. Important characters of order Hemiptera and their important families GROUP-7 PREPARED AND SUBMITTEED BY: 148‐ Shweta Mishra 151‐ Kumari Shruti 152‐ Diksha 154‐ Anubhav 155‐ Shashi Prakash ASSIGNED BY: DR. ANURAG TAYDE

3. Order Hemiptera- True bugs Hemi- half, pteron – wing; largest order in Exopterygota Fifth largest order of insects Mouth parts piercing and sucking type – Both mandibles and maxillae are stylet-like, housed in segmented, sheath- like labium, labrum is small. Both labial and maxillary palpi absent. Forewings either hemelytra (in suborder Heteroptera) or uniformly membranous or thickened (suborders Auchenorrhyncha and Sternorrhyncha), aptery common. Undergo incomplete metamorphosis, but Aleurodidae and Coccoidea undergo complete metamorphosis

4. Heteroptera Sternorrhyncha

5. Economically an important order and contain major insect pests. Contain predators of other insects and parasites of animals and man and transmit some of the deadly diseases of these. They inhabit soil, water, and various parts of plants. Phytophagous species make their hosts stunted, some cause galls and some inject toxins thus causing necrotic legions. Many species act as vectors of plant pathogens like viruses, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, bacteria, fungi etc. Hemipterans mimic ants, wasps, beetles, moths etc. For example Dulichius inflatus mimics the ant Polyrhachis spiniger . A few also are attended and taken care by ants. Aphids have a complex life cycle.

6. Hemiptera Classification

7. Hemiptera - four suborders namely Sternorrhyncha, Auchenorrhyncha, Coleorrhyncha and Heteroptera . Sternorrhyncha : Absence of vannus or vanal fold in hind wing Tarsi 2 or 1 segmented, antennae many segmented without terminal arista Base of labium arising from back of head Radius, Media and Cubitus fused basally Tarsi 2-segmented, antennae cryptic. Found in temperate forests of New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and South America Heteroptera 1-4 pairs of scent glands on abdominal terga of nymphs Labium inserted anteriorly on head and with distinct gula Auchenorrhyncha Antenna three segmented with flagellum terminated by arista Tarsi 3 segmented Produce sound by tymbals. Fulgoromorpha Coleorrhyncha Cicadomorpha Coleorrhyncha Heteroptera Sternorrhyncha Sternorrhyncha

8. HEMIPTERA H e ter o pt e ra Auc h e n orr h y nc h a Ster n orr h y nc h a

9. Sternorrhyncha

10. Ph yl l oxe r idae Adelgidae Adelgidae Ps y l l idae Aleu r o d idae A p hi d idae A p hi d idae Sternorryncha

11. Aphid life cycles

12. Ma r ga r odi d ae Coc c idae Ortheziidae Pseudococ c idae Dact y lopiidae Pseudococ c idae Cerococcidae Diaspididae Sternorryncha

13. Auchenorrhyncha

14. Auchen o rrhyncha Cicadid a e Nymph Cicadellidae Nymphs attended by ants Cicadid a e Adult Cicadell i d a e

15. A p h r op h or i dae A p h r op h or i dae Ce r copidae Machaerotidae M e mbracidae Ci c adel l idae M e mbracidae Auchenorrynch a -Cicad o mor p ha

16. Leafhoppers Cicadellidae Planthoppers Delphacidae

17. Cicadidae (Cicadas) Large size, 3 ocelli Nymphs live underground where they feed on the roots of trees and shrubs.. Males produce loud songs to attract a mate. Periodical cicada live for 13 or 17 years Nymphs are root feeders Egg laying injury seen on trees and shrubs

18. A p h rop h ori d ae Cercopidae Machaerotidae

19. Cixiidae Pyrops candelaria Ricaniidae F u lgoridae Fla t idae Auchenorryncha-Fulgoroidea

20. Auchenorryncha-Fulgoroidea Derbidae Meenoplidae Derbidae Lophopidae Dict y op h ar i dae Achil i dae

21. I s si d ae Calisc el i dae E u r y brach y idae Eur y brach y idae Auchenorryncha-Fulgoroidea

22. Formiscurra indicus (Hemiptera : Caliscelidae) F e m ale M ale

23. Het e ropt e ra

24. Lygaeidae Miri d ae A nt h ocori d ae Lygaeidae N a b i dae S a l d i d ae Anthocoridae Pyrrhocoridae Wing venation an aid to identification of major Heteroptera groups : Coreoidea

25. Heteroptera is divided into 7 infra orders. These are Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, gerromorpha, Nepomorpha, Leptopodomorpha, Cimicomorpha, Pentatomorpha Enicocephalomorpha : Head divided into anterior and posterior rounded lobes Foretibia dilated with one or two tarsal segments. Enicocephalidae Gerromorpha : Semiaquatic bugs with hydrofuge hairs and preapical claws Forewings not divided into corium and membrane: Gerridae, Hydrometridae Gerromorpha Gerridae Enicocephalidae

26. V e l i i d a e ae Mes o veli i d Nepomorpha Antennae cryptic; respire by siphon tubes or by air trapped under forewings . Belastomatidae, Nepidae, Corixidae, Notonectidae Nepa cinerea Ranatra linearis Notonec t a P l e i dae

27. Leptopdomorpha Leptopodomorpha : Inhabit intertidal zones. Grasping apparatus between abdominal segments 2 and 3 in males to hold forewing of female during copulation: Saldidae, Leptopodidae Sal d i d ae

28. Reduction of median spermatheca and hence haemocoelic fertilization; aeropyles and micropyles in the eggs arranged in a ring outside the operculum: Reduviidae, Tingidae, Miridae, Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Polyctenidae Cimicomo r pha

29. M i r i dae Cimicom o rpha Cimi c idae Reduviidae T ingidae

30. Pentatom o rpha Usually have 2 or 3 trichobothria on abdominal sternites; cephalic pole of the eggs with micropolar process : Pentatomiodea (Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae, Tessaratomidae, Cydnidae, Dinidoridae) Lygaeoidea [Lygaeidae (now split into 14 valid families), Geocoridae] Pyrrhocoroidea (Pyrrhocoridae, Largidae) Coreoidea (Coreidae, Alydidae, Rhopalidae)

31. P y r r hocor i dae Al y di d ae P e ntatomidae Pentratomor p ha Co r e i dae Alydidae Rhopalidae L y gae i dae

32. F u l g oromorp h a Cicadomorpha Cic a d elli d ae

33. Fulgoroidea

34. THANK YOU PREPARED & SUBMITTED BY: 148‐ Shweta Mishra 151‐ Kumari Shruti 152‐ Diksha 154‐ Anubhav 155‐ Shashi Prakash