Order: Insecta Classification

This ppt includes the brief introduction about class Insecta or Phylum Arthropoda. In this ppt families of Class Insecta and their suitable examples also have been discussed with pictures.

1. Order Insecta : Classification - Vikas Kumar

2. 2 There are about 15,00,000 insects recorded by Metcalf till 1940 . These differs from each other in structure and habit. The foundations of modern system of classification were laid by Brauer in 1885 . Imms (1961) reported 29 orders of insects which are generally more accepted. The Class Insecta may be divided into sub-classes:- Apterygota (Wingless) Pterygota (Winged)

3. 3 1. Apterygota :- They are minute , primitive insects. Wings are totally absent . Metamorphosis is absent . Direct development. This sub class includes following orders:- Thysanura - Silverfish Diplura - Japygids Protura - Proturans Collembola - Spring tails Silverfish

4. 4 2. Pterygota :- They are generally winged or secondarily wingless insects. Metmorphosis is different types. This sub-class is divided into two divisions:- (A). Exopterygota :- Metmorphosis simple , pupal instar rarely present. Wings develop externally . Immature stages are nymphs which resemble with adults in structure and habits. It includes following orders of agril . importance:- Odonata , Orthroptera , Dictyoptera , Isoptera , Hemiptera and Thysanoptera .

5. 5 (a) Order: Orthoptera ( greek Orthos = straight , pteron = wings ) Mouthparts – Biting and chewing type, Antennae – Filliform or setaceous , Wings- Tegmina Family:- Acrididae Ex. Rice grass hopper ( Hieroglyphus banian ) Kharif grass hopper ( Hieroglyphus nigropletus ) Surface grass hopper ( Chrotogonus spp.) Locust ( Schitocerca gregaria ) Grass Hopper

6. 6 (b). Order: Isoptera ( greek isos = equal , pteron = wings ) Social insects, biting and chewing type mouthparts, Moniliform type antennae, Long narrow wings in winged members. Family: Mastotermitidae Example: Mastotermes darwiniensis Family: Kalotermitidae Example: Kalotermes incicus . Mastotermes

7. 7 Family: Termitidae Example: Odontotermes obesus . Family: Hodotermitidae Example: Hodotermes macrocephalus Family: Rhinotermitidae Example: Rhinotermes spp. Termite

8. 8 (c) Order: Hemiptera ( greek Hemi = half , pteron = wings; partly thickened and membranous wings ) Mouthparts – Peircing and sucking type Hemiptera is divided into two sub-orders:- Homoptera : Aphids, Scale insects and leaf hoppers. Heteroptera : Bugs Aphids

9. 9 Sub-order: Homoptera (Homo = equal, pteron = wings) Generally two pair of wings. Metamorphosis is incomplete. Family: Jassidae or Cicadellidae Example: Mango Leaf Hopper ( Amritodus atkinsoni ) Paddy leaf hopper ( Nephotettix virescence Cotton jassid ( Amrasca bigutella ) Family: Fulgoridae Example: Sugarcane leaf hopper ( Pyrilla perpusilla ) Mango Leaf Hopper

10. 10 Family: Aphididae Example: Mustard Aphid ( Liphapis erysimi ) Family: Aleurodidae Example: Sugarcane white fly ( Aleurolobus barodensis ) Cotton white fly ( Bamesia tabaci ) Family: Coccidae Example: Mango mealy bug ( Drosicha mangiferae ) Family: Laceiferidae Example: Lac insect ( Laceifer lacca ) Mustard Aphid

11. 11 Sub-order: Heteroptera (Hetero = different, pteron = wings) Wings: Hemelytera Mouthparts: Piercing and sucking type Family: Pentatomidae Example: Painted Bug ( Bagrada cruciferarum ) Family: Coreidae Example: Gundhi Bug ( Leptocorisa varicornis ) Family: Pyrrhocoridae Example: Red Cotton Bug ( Dysdercus cingulatus ) Gundhi Bug

12. 12 (d). Order: Coleoptera (Coles = sheath, pteron = wings) Wings: Elytra Mouthparts: Chewing and biting type Metamorphosis: Complete Larva is known as Grub . Family: Dermestidae Examples: Khapra Beetle ( Trogoderma granarium ) Family: Bruchidae or Lariidae Example: Pulse Beetle ( Callosobruchus chinensis ) Khapra Beetle Pulse Beetle

13. 13 Family: Chrysomelidae Example: Red Pumpkin Beetle ( Raphidopalpa foveicollis ) Family: Curculionidae Example: Rice Weevil ( Sitophilus oryzae ) Family: Coccinellidae Example: Spotted Beetle ( Epilachna vigintioctopunctata ) Coccinellid Beetle ( Coccinella septempuctata ) Red Pumpkin Beetle Rice weevil

14. 14 (e). Order: Lepidoptera ( Lepidos = scales, pteron = wings) Beautiful insects (Butterfly) Mouthparts: Represent as a suctorial proboscis (Adult), Biting and Chewing type (Caterpillars) Metamorphosis: Complete According to Imms (1961) Lepidoptera is divided into three sub-orders:- Zeugloptera Monotyrsia Ditrysia

15. 15 Family: Galechiidae Example: Pink boll worm ( Pectinophora gossypiella ) Potato Tuber Moth ( Gnorimoschema opercullela ) Angoumois Grain Moth ( Sitotroga cerealella ) Family: Pyralididae Example: Cotton Leaf Roller ( Sylepta derogata ) Jowar Stem Borer ( Chilo partellus ) Sugarcane Top Borer ( Tryporyza nivella ) Sugarcane Root Borer ( Emmalocera depresella ) Sugarcane Stem Borer ( Chilotrea infucatellus )

16. 16 Family: Noctuidae Example: Gram Cut Worm ( Agrotis ypsilon ) Gram Caterpillar ( Helicoverpa armigera ) Fruit sucking Moth ( Ophideres conjuncta ) Family: Cymbidae Example: Spotted Boll Worm ( Earias vitella , E. insulana ) Family: Aretiidae Example: Red Hairy Caterpillar ( Amsacta moorei ) Family: Bombycidae Example: Silk Worm ( Bombyx mori )

17. 17 Sugarcane Top Borer Red Hairy Caterpiller Gram Cutworm Sugarcane Root Borer Silk Worm Pink Boll Worm

18. 18 Family: Saturnidae Example: Eri Silk Worm ( Attacus ricini ) Tasar Silk Worm ( Anthereca paphia ) Munga Silk Worm (A. assuma ) Wild Silk Worm ( Attacus atlus ) Family: Pieridae Example: White Butterfly ( Pieris brassicae ) Family: Papillionidae Example: Lemon Butterfly ( Papillio demolus ) White Butterfly Lemon Butterfly

19. 19 (e). Order: Hymenoptera (Hymen = membrane , pteron = wings ) Membranous Wings, Biting and chewing type mouthparts (larvae) and female having piercing type sting in abdomen, Complete metamorphosis Family: Apidae Example: Apis indica Apis dorsata Apis florea Family: Tenthredinidae Example: Mustard Saw Fly ( Athalia proxima )

20. 20 Family: Braconidae Example: Bracon spp., Chelonus spp., Apanteles spp. Family: Chalcidiae Example: Trichogramma minutum , Chalcis spp. , Brachymeria spp. Family: Formicidae Example: Ants Trichogramma minutum

21. 21 (e). Order: Diptera ( Di = twice, pteron = wings) Commonly known as Flies, Hindwings modified into Halters, Mouthparts are Piercing and sucking or Lapping and sponging type, Larvae called as Maggots. Family: Trypetidae or Tephritidae Example: Fruit Fly ( Dacus cucurbitae ) Fruit Fly

22. 22 Family: Tachinidae Example: Strumia cericariae (Parasite of the larvae of Silkworm) Family: Syrphidae Example: Syrphus spp. Syrphus

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