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Organic farming, also known as organic agriculture or ecological farming or biological farming,[1][2][3][4][5] is an agricultural system that emphasizes the use of naturally occurring, non-synthetic inputs, such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation, companion planting, and mixed cropping. Biological pest control methods such as the fostering of insect predators are also encouraged.[6] Organic agriculture can be defined as "an integrated farming system that strives for sustainability, the enhancement of soil fertility and biological diversity while, with rare exceptions, prohibiting synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones".[7][8][9][10] It originated early in the 20th century in reaction to rapidly changing farming practices. Certified organic agriculture accounted for 70 million hectares (170 million acres) globally in 2019, with over half of that total in Australia.[11]

Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally occurring substances while prohibiting or severely limiting synthetic substances.[12] For instance, naturally occurring pesticides, such as garlic extract, bicarbonate of soda, or pyrethrin (which is found naturally in the Chrysanthemum flower), are permitted, while synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, such as glyphosate, are prohibited. Synthetic substances that are allowed only in exceptional circumstances may include copper sulfate, elemental sulfur, and veterinary drugs. Genetically modified organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge, plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited.[13][14] Broadly, organic agriculture is based on the principles of health, care for all living beings and the environment, ecology, and fairness.[15] Organic methods champion sustainability,[16][17] self-sufficiency, autonomy and independence,[17] health, animal welfare, food security, and food safety.[18] It is often seen as part of the solution to the impacts of climate change.[19]

Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by transnational organizations such as the European Union and also by individual nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM),[20] an international umbrella organization for organic farming organizations established in 1972, with regional branches such as IFOAM Organics Europe[21] and IFOAM Asia.[22] Since 1990, the market for organic food and other products has grown rapidly, reaching $150 billion worldwide in 2022 – of which more than $64 billion was earned in North America and EUR 53 billion in Europe.[23] This demand has driven a similar increase in organically managed farmland, which grew by 26.6 percent from 2021 to 2022.[24] As of 2022, organic farming is practiced in 188 countries and approximately 96,000,000 hec

1. ORGANIC FARMING A Presentation under Community Engagement Project on Presented by, Om Yashwant Deore – 29 Manjiri Deshmukh – 30 Pushkar Deshmukh – 31 Nikita Deshpande – 32 Under the Guidance; Mr. Dhanraj M. Deshpande 1

2. Course Objectives: Establish a mutually beneficial relationship between the college and the community. Opportunities to engage with their local community, fostering empathy, teamwork, and problem-solving skills while contributing positively to their surroundings. An understanding of the challenges faced by the local community and the role of engineering in addressing those challenges. The ability to apply technical knowledge and skills to design solutions or interventions that create a positive impact on the community. Deriving The skills to evaluate and critically analyze the outcomes of their engagement activities, actionable insights for sustainable impact. 2

3. Course Outcomes: CO1 - Identify and Analyze local community needs and challenges by engaging with stakeholders and evaluating real-world problems. CO2 - Design and Implement practical, creative, and context-specific solutions using engineering principles to address community issues. CO3 - Reflect and Evaluate the effectiveness of their interventions and articulate lessons learned through reports and presentations. 3

4. CONTENTS: Introduction ( Idea Inception ) Aim and Objective (Identify Local Community Need) Analyze Local Community Need List of Components (Requirement Gathering) Proposed information/ Diagram / Process / Prototype Working and detailed explanation of (Diagram / Process / Prototype) Technologies/ Solutions related to project Advantages Expected Outcomes Implementation of Project Awareness - Environment /Safety Measures /Legal aspects Application Conclusion Contest Participation Photo Gallery / Videos (GIS Photo / Video Only) References 4

5. 1. Introduction: Organic farming is a method of agriculture that avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. Instead, it uses compost, manure, crop rotation, and biological pest control. It ensures food safety, soil fertility, biodiversity, and ecological balance. The need for organic farming has increased due to health issues, pollution, and climate change. 5

6. 2. Aim and Objectives: To promote organic farming for sustainable development and healthier communities. Reduce chemical dependency in agriculture. Train farmers in composting, bio-fertilizer use, and crop rotation. Increase awareness of eco-friendly agriculture. Improve long-term life of soil and water quality. Encourage youth involvement in sustainable practices. 6

7. 3. Analyze Local Community Needs: Farmers in local areas heavily depend on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This has led to soil degradation, reduced fertility, and water contamination. Health concerns are rising due to pesticide residues in food. Many farmers lack proper awareness about organic practices. There is growing consumer demand for organic produce, creating new opportunities. 7

8. Certification & Audit in Organic Farming: The certification process is essential to prove that the product is genuinely organic. To obtain the certificate, an audit of the farm is conducted by authorized auditors. During the audit, the following aspects are observed: Presence of earthworms in the soil (indicator of healthy, organic soil). Presence of honeycombs (sign of a natural and chemical-free environment). Overall nature and quality of the produce. Existence of cows or use of cow-based manure and compost (traditional organic input). These checks ensure that the farming methods are natural, sustainable, and eco-friendly. 8

9. 4. List of Components: Vermicompost Green Leaf Manures Crop Rotation Manures Biofertilizers Animal Husbandry Biological Management 9

10. 10 5. Proposed Process/ Diagram:

11. 6. Working and Detailed Explaination : I) Vermicompost: 🪱 Made using earthworms that break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost. Improves soil structure, increases aeration, and adds essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. II) Green Leaf Manures: 🌿 Fresh leaves and twigs of plants (like Gliricidia, Sesbania) are ploughed into the soil. They decompose and enrich the soil with organic matter and nitrogen. Helps retain soil moisture and improves microbial activity. 11

12. 6. Working and Detailed Explaination : III) Manures: 💩 Traditional method using cow dung, farmyard manure, and compost. Improves soil texture, water retention, and nutrient supply. Cheaper and easily available resource for farmers. IV) Biofertilizers: 🧪 Microorganisms like Rhizobium, Azotobacter, and Blue-Green Algae. Help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen, solubilizing phosphorus, and enhancing soil fertility. Reduce the need for synthetic chemical fertilizers. 12

13. 7. Technology/ Solutions for Project: Vermicomposting technology using earthworms for nutrient-rich compost. Drip irrigation for water conservation and efficiency. Solar-powered agricultural equipment to reduce carbon footprint. Mobile apps and digital platforms to guide farmers with organic practices. Organic certification and market linkages for farmer empowerment. 13

14. 8. Advantages: 14 Increases long-term fertility of the soil. Helps in maintaining environmental health by reducing pollution. Reduces human and animal health hazards by lowering the level of residues in products. Keeps agricultural production at a higher level and makes it sustainable. Reduces the cost of agricultural production and improves soil health. Ensures optimum utilization of natural resources for short-term benefit and conserves them for future generations. Saves energy for both animals and machines, while reducing the risk of crop failure.

15. 9. Expected Outcomes: 15 Sustainable and eco-friendly technology. It improves quality, shelf and nutritive value of the farm produce. It encourages sustainable livelihood of the producers as well as safeguards consumers health. It improves the physical, chemical and biological health of the soil. Promotes healthy use of the natural resources and minimizes all forms of the pollution. It enhances and sustains biological diversity within the system.

16. 10. Implementation of Project: 16 Soil Management – Use compost, vermicompost, and bio-fertilizers to improve fertility. Crop Practices – Apply crop rotation, intercropping, and green manures for sustainability. Pest & Disease Control – Use natural repellents (neem oil, chilli spray) and biological methods. Water & Resource Use – Adopt drip irrigation, mulching, and conserve natural resources. Training & Awareness – Conduct workshops, demo plots, and promote organic certification for farmers.

17. 11. Awareness: 17 Environment: Protect biodiversity, reduce soil and water pollution. Social: Improve rural livelihoods and food security. Ethics: Promote transparency and honesty in organic food labeling. Safety: Reduce health risks from pesticide exposure. Legal: Support government certification schemes (India Organic, NPOP).

18. 12. Applications: 18 Weed Management: Weeds are controlled through preventive (clean seeds, manure), cultural (crop rotation, cover crops), mechanical (tillage, hand weeding), and biological methods (insects, fungi). This avoids chemical herbicides and maintains soil health. Organic Manures: Materials like oil cakes, fish meal, blood meal, bone meal, and bird guano provide nutrients. They improve soil fertility, organic matter, and water-holding capacity.

19. 12. Applications: 19 Biofertilizers: Beneficial microbes such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum , Azolla fix nitrogen and solubilize nutrients. They reduce dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Panchagavya & Jivamrut : Panchagavya (cow dung, urine, milk, curd, ghee, jaggery, banana, tender coconut) acts as a growth promoter. Jivamrut (cow dung, urine, jaggery, pulse flour, soil, water) enriches soil microbes and fertility.

20. 13. Conclusion: 20 Promotes healthy soil and biodiversity. Reduces chemical usage and pollution. Ensures safe, nutritious, chemical-free food. Conserves water and natural resources. Enhances farmers’ self-reliance and sustainability. Supports eco-friendly and climate-resilient practices. Boosts rural employment and local economy. Provides long-term benefits for people and planet

21. 14. Contest Participation: 21 🌿 Green Innovation Competitions 🤝 Community Development Programs 🚜 Agriculture Fairs & Exhibitions 🇮🇳 National & State-Level Green Initiatives 🌍 Kumbh Mela – Environmental Awareness Platforms 💡 Startup & Innovation Summits 🎓 University / Inter-College Tech & Eco Fests 🌱 Sustainable Development Conferences

22. 15. Photo Gallery: 22

23. 15. Photo Gallery: 23 Posters and awareness campaigns :-

24. 16. References: 24 NPTEL Course: Ecology and Society Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India – Organic India Program Research papers on soil fertility and biodiversity YouTube tutorials on Organic Farming Techniques https://youtu.be/K6PCFo1DR8U?si=WxRfeSBuUy4Rl_iL Rotary Club Organized Organic Market at Gangapur Road Local Organic Farms near Nashik – Jogiya Farms - Small-scale farmers growing vegetables/fruits. Organic Food Store – Sahyadri Farms

25. THANK-YOU! 25 Healthy Soil, Healthy Food, Healthy People!