Organizational Management of Publick admin

Organizational Management PA102

1. Module 2 Group 2 Reporters :
1.Bejon, Ritha D.
2.Capino, Jamel N.
3.Cayubit, Mary Joy M.
4. Cuarteron , Sequil C.
5.Dalapo, Annalyn E.

2. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION VIS-A-VIS PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION module 2

3. Module 2 Lesson 1 Public Administration and Private Administration Distinction Lesson 2 Public and Private Administration: Basic Similarities Lesson 3 Public and Private Administrations Which one is better Lesson 4 Public and private administration: diminishing distinction Lesson 5 Public & Private Administrations: Proliferating Partnerships

4. Lesson 1 Public Administration and Private Administration Distinction Objectives : -Define and differentiate public administration from private administration.
-Explore the key distinctions in their governance, objectives, funding, transparency, and personnel.
-Provide illustrative examples of both public and private organizations.
-Highlight the importance of understanding these differences for effective governance and management

5. Introduction Public administration and private administration are two distinct forms of organizational management that operate within different contexts and with different goals. While both involve the coordination of resources and personnel to achieve specific objectives, the nature of these objectives, the means of achieving them, and the accountability structures differ significantly. Understanding these differences is crucial for navigating the complexities of modern society, where public and private entities increasingly interact and collaborate.

6. 1. Governance Public Administration: Public administration operates within a framework of laws, regulations, and constitutional principles. It is accountable to the public through elected officials and subject to public scrutiny. Example: A government agency like the Department of Transportation is bound by federal laws and regulations, and its actions are subject to oversight by Congress and the public. Private Administration : Private administration is governed by its own internal rules and regulations, typically outlined in its charter or articles of incorporation. It is accountable to its owners or shareholders. Example: A private corporation like Apple Inc. is governed by its board of directors and its actions are primarily driven by maximizing shareholder value.

7. 2. Objectives Public Administration : Public administration aims to serve the public interest, promote social welfare, and provide essential services to citizens. Its primary focus is on achieving collective goals, such as public safety, education, healthcare, and infrastructure development. Example: A public school system aims to provide quality education to all children within its jurisdiction, regardless of their ability to pay. Private Administration : Private administration primarily seeks to maximize profits and shareholder value. It focuses on generating revenue, increasing market share, and achieving financial success. Example: A private healthcare company aims to provide healthcare services while generating profits for its investors

8. 3. Funding Public Administration : Public administration is funded through taxes and government budgets. These funds are allocated through a legislative process and are subject to public oversight. Example: The Department of Defense receives funding through the federal budget, which is approved by Congress. Private Administration : Private administration generates revenue through its operations, such as sales of goods or services, investments, or fundraising activities. It relies on market forces and private capital to sustain its operations. Example: A retail store like Walmart generates revenue through the sale of goods to customers.

9. 4. Transparency Public Administration : Public administration is subject to transparency requirements, including open meetings, freedom of information laws, and public disclosure of financial records. This ensures public accountability and allows citizens to monitor government activities. Example: The Environmental Protection Agency is required to make its budget and environmental impact reports publicly available. Private Administration : Private administration has more flexibility in terms of disclosure. While some transparency is expected, particularly for publicly traded companies, private organizations have greater autonomy in managing their information. Example: A privately held company may choose to disclose less information about its financial performance than a publicly traded company.

10. 5. Personnel Public Administration : Public administrators are typically civil servants appointed through merit- based systems. They are expected to be impartial, ethical, and serve the public interest.
Example: A teacher in a public school system is a civil servant who is expected to provide equal educational opportunities to all students. Private Administration : Private administrators are hired by the organization and may be subject to different employment practices. They are typically focused on achieving organizational goals and maximizing efficiency. Example: A manager in a private company may be hired based on their experience and ability to contribute to the company’s profitability.

11. Summary Public administration and private administration are distinct forms of organizational management with different governance structures, objectives, funding mechanisms, transparency levels, and personnel practices. While both play vital roles in society, understanding their differences is essential for effective governance, promoting social welfare, and ensuring accountability. References : Denhardt , R. B., & Denhardt , J. V. (2015). Public administration: An introduction. Routledge. Shafritz , J. M., & Russell, E. W. (2017). Classics of public administration. Routledge. Stillman , R. J. (2010). Public administration: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning.

12. Lesson 2 Public and Private Administration: Basic Similarities Objectives -Compare the efficiency of public and private administration.
-Evaluate the impact of accountability and transparency in both sectors.
-Assess how each administration meets the needs of the public.
-Determine which administration is better suited for different types of services.

13. Introduction Public and private administration, despite their differences in purpose, funding, and accountability, share some fundamental similarities. Both aim to achieve organizational goals, manage resources effectively, and provide services to their respective stakeholders. Recognizing these commonalities helps us understand the strengths and limitations of each sector and explore potential areas for collaboration.

14. Similarities Goal-Oriented : Both public and private administrations are driven by specific objectives. Public administration aims to serve the public interest and promote the common good, while private administration focuses on profitability, growth, and meeting the needs of its customers. Resource Management : Both sectors require efficient resource management to achieve their goals. This includes managing finances, personnel, and assets effectively. Decision-Making: Both public and private administrations involve decision-making processes to address challenges, allocate resources, and implement strategies. Performance Measurement: Both sectors rely on performance measurement to assess their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. This can involve tracking key performance indicators (KPIs) and evaluating outcomes. Stakeholder Engagement : Both public and private administrations engage with stakeholders, albeit in different ways. Public administration interacts with citizens, elected officials, and interest groups, while private administration engages with customers, investors, and employees.

15. Examples Public Administration : A public health department aims to improve the health and wellbeing of its citizens. It manages resources, makes decisions about public health programs, and tracks key metrics like vaccination rates and disease prevalence. Private Administration : A technology company aims to develop innovative products and services that meet consumer demand. It manages its finances, makes decisions about product development, and tracks metrics like market share and customer satisfaction.

16. Summary While public and private administration differ in their primary goals and operating environments, they share fundamental similarities in their organizational structures, decision-making processes, and commitment to achieving their objectives. Understanding these commonalities can foster collaboration and innovation across sectors, leading to better outcomes for both the public and private spheres. References – Denhardt , R. B., & Denhardt , J. V. (2015). “Public Administration: An Action Orientation*. Cengage Learning. –Osborne, D., & Gaebler , T. (1992). “Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Addison-Wesley. – Gulick , L., & Urwick , L. (1937). *Papers on the Science of Administration”. Institute of Public Administration. –Moore, M. H. (1995). *Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government*. Harvard University Press

17. Lesson 3 Public and Private Administrations Which one is better Objectives -Compare the efficiency of public and private administration. -Evaluate the impact of accountability and transparency in both sectors.
-Assess how each administration meets the needs of the public.
-Determine which administration is better suited for different types of services.

18. Introduction Public and private administration differ fundamentally in purpose, funding, and accountability. Public administration aims to serve the public and ensure equitable access to services, while private administration focuses on efficiency, profitability, and innovation. Understanding these differences helps in assessing which is better for specific needs and contexts.

19. Public Administration Purpose : Public administration primarily focuses on implementing government policies, providing public services, and promoting the public good. It is concerned with the welfare of the general public and operates within the framework of laws and regulations established by the state. Strengths - Equity and Fairness : Public administration is driven by the principles of equality, ensuring that services and benefits are distributed fairly across all segments of society.

20. - Accountability : Public administrators are accountable to the public and elected officials, making transparency and public scrutiny a priority.
- Service-Oriented : The primary goal is to serve the public interest, often prioritizing social welfare over profit. Example : The administration of social security benefits in most countries is handled by public institutions to ensure that every eligible citizen receives fair and equal treatment

21. Private administration Purpose : Private administration operates within private organizations (businesses, non- profits) and focuses on achieving specific goals, often related to profitability, efficiency, and growth. The emphasis is on meeting the objectives of the organization, which could be profit maximization, market expansion, or other business goals.

22. Strengths Efficiency : Private administration often operates under competitive market conditions, driving efficiency, innovation, and cost-effectiveness. Flexibility : Private organizations can adapt more quickly to changes in the market or environment, allowing for greater flexibility in decision-making. Profit Motive : The focus on profit drives private organizations to optimize their operations and deliver products or services that meet consumer demand. Example : The administration of a large corporation like Apple Inc., which focuses on innovation, market leadership, and profitability, illustrates private administration’s emphasis on efficiency and profit.

23. Which is better - Context Matters : Public administration is generally better for services that require universal access, fairness, and where profit motives could undermine social goals (e.g.. Healthcare, public education). On the other hand, private administration is often more effective in sectors where efficiency, innovation, and competition are key (e.g.. Technology, retail).
- Hybrid Models : In many cases, a hybrid approach that leverages the strengths of both public and private administration can be most effective. For example, public-private partnerships in infrastructure development often combine public sector accountability with private sector efficiency.

24. Summary Highlights the core differences and contexts where each type of administration excels. Depending on the goals and circumstances, either public or private administration or a combination of both-may be the most appropriate choice. References – Denhardt , R. B., & Denhardt , J. V. (2015). *Public Administration: An Action Orientation*. Cengage Learning. –Osborne, D., & Gaebler , T. (1992). *Reinventing Government: How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Transforming the Public Sector. Addison-Wesley. – Gulick , L., & Urwick , L. (1937). *Papers on the Science of Administration*. Institute of Public Administration. –Moore, M. H. (1995). *Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government*. Harvard University Press

25. Lesson 4 Public and private administration: diminishing distinction Objectives This analysis examines the diminishing distinction between public and private administrations, exploring the factors driving this convergence and assessing its implications for governance, service delivery, and public trust.

26. Introduction Historically, public and private administrations have been distinct entities with separate objectives, structures, and accountability mechanisms. Public administration, focused on public interest and social welfare, operates within a legal framework set by the government. Private administration, driven by profit maximization and market forces, operates primarily within a business context. The traditional distinction between public and private administrations is becoming increasingly blurred due to several key factors:

27. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): The rise of PPPs, where public and private entities collaborate to deliver services, has led to a blending of administrative practices and organizational structures. Privatization and Outsourcing : Governments are increasingly outsourcing public services to private companies, leading to the adoption of private sector management practices within public administration - Technological Advancements : Digital technologies are transforming both public and private sectors, leading to greater interconnectedness and the adoption of similar tools and approaches Shifting Public Expectations : Citizens are demanding more efficient and responsive services, regardless of whether they are provided by public or private entities. This has led to a convergence of expectations and a blurring of lines in terms of service quality and accountability.

28. Summary This convergence marks a new era of governance, characterized by collaboration, innovation, and a focus on delivering efficient and effective services. However, it is crucial to navigate this convergence carefully, ensuring that public values, ethical considerations, and democratic principles remain at the forefront. The challenge lies in harnessing the strengths of both sectors while mitigating potential risks and ensuring that the public interest remains paramount. Reference: School of Political Science: https://schoolofpoliticalscience.com/differences-between-public-and-private-administration/ - Demo Essays: https://demoessays.com/public-vs-private-administration-differences/ Differences: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-public-and-private-administration.html Key Michigan University: https://www.emich.edu/blog/all-things-higher-ed/difference-between-public-and-private-administr ation / Central - Article 1000 : https://article1000.com/distinction-between-public-and-private-administration/amp /

29. Lesson 5 Public & Private Administrations: Proliferating Partnerships Objectives : 1. To examine the increasing trend of partnerships between public and private administrations.
2. To analyze the benefits and challenges associated with public-private partnerships.
3. To identify key success factors for implementing successful collaborations between public and private sectors.

30. Introduction In recent years, the collaboration between public and private administrations has gained momentum, leading to a proliferation of partnerships aimed at delivering efficient and effective services to the public. This report discusses the increasing trend of partnerships between public and private sectors, the benefits and challenges associated with such collaborations, and the key factors for successful implementation.

31. Trend of Partnerships: The concept of public-private partnerships (PPPs) has been evolving globally, with governments recognizing the potential benefits of leveraging private sector expertise, resources, and innovation to improve public service delivery. From infrastructure projects to social services and healthcare, collaborations between public and private entities have become increasingly common across various sectors. Benefits of Partnerships: One of the primary benefits of public-private partnerships is the ability to harness the strengths of both sectors to address complex societal challenges. Private sector efficiency, innovation, and risk management capabilities can complement the public sector’s mandate for service delivery and governance. Moreover, partnerships can result in cost savings, improved service quality, and accelerated project implementation.

32. Challenges of Partnerships : Despite the numerous advantages, public- private partnerships also face challenges that need to be addressed for successful outcomes. Issues related to transparency, accountability, risk allocation, and conflicting objectives between public and private entities can hinder the effectiveness of partnerships. Effective governance structures, clear communication channels, and robust monitoring mechanisms are essential to overcome these challenges. Key Success Factors : Several key factors contribute to the success of public-private partnerships. These include a clear legal and regulatory framework, well- defined roles and responsibilities, mutual trust and respect between partners, alignment of objectives and incentives, and active engagement of stakeholders. Effective risk management strategies and periodic evaluation of partnership performance are also crucial for sustaining long-term collaborations.

33. Summary (PPPs), or public-private partnerships, are becoming more and more popular as a means of collaboration between public and private administrations on shared objectives. This study examines the increasing trend of collaborations between different industries, stressing the advantages, difficulties, and keys to success. Examples of this trend include the distribution of aid by Mastercard and the World Food Programme . Scale economies, innovation, and risk reduction are among the advantages; regulatory complexity and sustainability issues are among the drawbacks. The identification of crucial success criteria includes well-defined goals, efficient communication, ongoing assessment, and strong legal foundations. It is advised that more study be done to examine the long-term effects of (PPPs) on sustainable development. Reference : Smith, J. (2021). Public-Private Partnerships in the Modern Era: Enhancing Collaboration for Sustainable Development. Journal of Public Administration, 10(2), 45-62.

34. Thank you for listening!!!