Oriental education

Oriental Education

1. Oriental education

2. Conception of education held by Chinese

3. " What Heaven has conferred is called nature; an accordance with nature is called the path of duty; the regulation of this path is called instruction."

4. Relation between Social Life and Education

5. Relation between Social Life and Education Because of this close relationship that education bears to life, it possesses a distinctly moral character. Students are trained to have the ability to shape his own conduct aright, and a knowledge that will enable him to direct the conduct of others.

6. Relation between Social Life and Education The aim of the Chinese system of government is to prevent change, and hence they are often represented as having no government. Their education are based upon and all find an expression in a religion — that of Confucianism.

7. Confucianism the Basis of Education

8. Confucianism In a remarkable manner Confucianism unites political or social ethics with private morality. All ethical teachings and all social obligations are summed up in those of the “ five relationships“ that are taught to every child in ten syllables, as an " A B C “ of conduct. These are the relation f sovereign and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, brother and brother, friend and friend.

9. Selection from Confucian Text

10. Selection from Confucian Text The sovereign and king orders the chief minister to send down his (lessons of) virtue to the millions of the people. The virtues of family life are those of filial duty, fraternal love, friendship, and the like ; the concrete embodiment of these and other virtues can be judged in the light of the passage quoted.

11. Selection from Confucian Text They inculcate the solid virtues of an unchangeable and unprogressive system of society, and of a people destined to a materialistic and, of necessity, sordid view of life. Sufficient detail concerning the religion, ethics, and sacred literature of this people has been given to indicate the character and purpose of their education.

12. Selection from Confucian Text For the individual, education consists in the mastery of this sacred literature in order that he may live in accordance with the path of nature marked out therein. This mastery necessitates a perfect memorizing of these sacred books and a knowledge of the many commentaries upon them.

13. Selection from Confucian Text In order that the Confucian statement of the work of education may be made socially complete, the government adds one additional educational aim. The conduct of government is given into the hands of those who show the greatest mastery of the content of these sacred books. This is accomplished by a system of examinations in essay writing.

14. " Measured by Chinese standards, the construction of a perfect essay is one of the noblest achievements of which the human mind is capable. The man who knows all that has been preserved of the wisdom of the ancients, and who can at a moment's notice dash off essays of a symmetrical construction, lofty in sentiment, elevated in style, and displaying a wide acquaintance not only with the theme, but also with cognate subjects, such a man is fit not only to stand before kings, but before the very Son of Heaven himself."

15. The Family, the Basal Institution

16. The Family, the Basal Institution While instruction is given in a special institution, the school, the family in a peculiar way furnishes the basis of their education. The ethics of the Chinese is one of family duties and activities ; the five great relationships are all those of the family ; the content of their sacred literature relates almost wholly to these relationships.

17. CONTENT, ORGANIZATION, AND METHOD OF CHINESE EDUCATION

18. CONTENT, ORGANIZATION, AND METHOD OF CHINESE EDUCATION It is a land of observance of tradition and of custom, a land in which no change from the accepted way of thinking, feeling, or doing is permitted, and in which comparatively little really occurs. Yet that education is most restricted in its content, most formal in its method, and most stereotyped and inflexible in its organization.

19. content The purpose of the elementary stages of Chinese education is to familiarize the boy it goes without saying that the girl has no consideration whatever in their literary or institutional education with the language and with their sacred literature. The character of this task can be appreciated by noting the character of both language and literature.

20. Character of the Language The characters of the Chinese language represent ideas, not sounds : it is an ideographic, not a phonetic language. Like the arithmetical digits, these characters have no vocables they have a meaning primarily for the eye, not the ear.

21. The literature

22. Stages of schooling The first period of instruction, that in the elementary schools, is devoted to the memorizing of the forms of an infinitude of diversely formed characters through the mastery of a few universally adopted texts, and the memorizing of the nine canonical books. The second stage is devoted to translation.

23. Stages of schooling The third stage is devoted to the composition of essays until the art is sufficiently acquired to enable one to pass the examinations. This training in composition writing entails a more intensive study of form and content of their literature. The two latter stages constitute their higher education.

24. The School System The institutional organization of Chinese education is twofold: there is, first, a system of schools, almost entirely of a private character and devoted to the mastery of the language and sacred literature and to the development of this power of essay writing ; and, second, a system of examinations, conducted by the state and serving as the controlling part of their educational system.

25. The Examination System The institutional organization of Chinese education is twofold : there is, first, a system of schools, almost entirely of a private character and devoted to the mastery of the language and sacred literature and to the development of this power of essay writing ; and, second, a system of examinations, conducted by the state and serving as the controlling part of their educational system.