Origin of the name of Bangladesh slide .pdf

culture

1. Development trend of the name of Bangladesh,Origin,
and Identity of the People of Bangladesh &
History of the Bangla Language
MD. ALAMGIR HOSSAIN
Lecturer In Development Studies,
Daffodil International University (DIU)
1

2. Objectives of this Class
❑Investigatetheoriginandidentityofthepeopleof
Bangladesh.
❑Exploretheoriginprocessanddevelopmenttrendofthe
nameofBangladesh.
❑ExplorethehistoricalbackgroundofBanglaLanguage.

3. 3
Have you any idea about the origin and Identity
of the People of Bangladesh?

4. Origin and Identity of the People of Bangladesh
▪AnthropologistsagreethatBangladeshhashistoricallybeenalandofmanyraces.
LongbeforethearrivaloftheAryansinthe5
th
and6
th
centuriesB.C.,the
Bangaleeswerealreadyraciallymixed.
▪ItissaidthattheoriginofhumanbeingsinAfrica,butthatsomeofthematfirst
movedintothenorthernpartoftheMiddleEastandthendispersedacrossthe
world.ThegroupsofthepeoplewhowenttoSouth-EastAsiahadcrossedtheland
ofBangladeshseveralthousandyearsago.Thesepeopledevelopedlanguages,
knownasAustricLanguageswiththeirnameAustricorAustro-Asiaticpeople.
▪Nearaboutthesametimeorlatersomeotherpeople,whomwenowclassifyas
MongoloidalsoenteredtheterritoriesofBangladeshfromtheEastandspread
mainlyintotheuplandsandhillyareas.Similarlymanyracesofthevariouspartof
theworldcameinBengalfromtimetotime.Themainreasonsforcomingto
Bengalwere:
❑First,Thezealtoconquerandoccupyanewregion
❑Second,TodobusinessinthewealthyandprosperousBengal
❑Third,SuitableenvironmentofBengaltolivein.
❑Fourth,TopreachthemessageofIslam

5. Origin and Identity
of the People of
Bangladesh
According to Prof. HumayunAzad
1.VaddarafromSri-Lanka
2.MongoloidfromEastpartofAsia
3.Indo-AryanpeoplefromtheNorthernpartsof
themiddle-eastandtheEasternpartsofEurope.
4.ShakpeoplefromTurkistan
5.Persian,Arab,PathanandMughal
[Source: LalNil DipabalibaBangla Shahityer
Jibani; page no-12-16]
According to the Anthropologist
1.Austro-Asiatic from South East Asia
2.Mongoloid from East part of Asia
3.Dravidian from the Southern and western
parts of South-Asia
4.Indo-Aryan people from the Northern part of
the Middle-East and the Eastern part of Europe.
5.Arabs, Turks and Pathan
Indigenous People: Jele,
Dome, Bede, Chondal
Non Aryan People: Austric,
Dravidian, Mongoloid
Aryan People: From Middle
East and East Europe
Others People: Pala, Sena,
Arabs, Turks, Persian, Shak,
Mughal, Pathan etc.

6. 6
Have you any idea about the development trend
of the Name of Bangladesh?

7. Development
Trend of the
Name of
BANGLADESH
BANG
BANGA/VANGA
BANGALAH
BENGAL
EASTERN BENGAL
EAST PAKISTAN
BANGLADESH
SHAH-E-BANGALAH SULTAN-E-BANGALAH
SUBAH-E-BANGALAH
WESTERN BENGAL
BANGA
BENGALA
DIYAR-E-BANGALAH
BENGAL

8. Name of Bangladesh in Pre-Muslim Era (Up to 1204A.D.)
BANG
BeforethecomingofAryanspeoples,thenameourcountrywas‘Bang’.Bangwas
thenameoftribalpeoplesofDravidianthosewhocamefromtheSouthernand
westernpartsofSouth-Asia.
BANGA/VANGA
DuringtheAryansera,especiallytheeraofJanapada,itwasrecognizedas
‘Banga/Vanga’.ThelocationofBangawasintheeastandsoutheastportionofthe
presentdayofBangladeshtheregrewaJanapadacalled‘Banga’.
ItissupposedthataracecalledBangausedtolivethere.Hencetheregionwas
calledBangaaftertheirname.Fromtheoldstoneinscription,welearnabouttwo
partsofBengal.Oneofthemis‘Vikrampura’andtheotheris‘Navya’.Itissupposed
thatthelow-lyingareasoftheFaridpur,BakergangandPatuakhaliwereincluded
inthe‘Navya’region.TheancientBangaJanapadawasapowerfulregion.
Bengal
After the Aryans people up to Senaregime that means from 756 A.D. up to
1203A.D. it was recognized as ‘Bengal’.

9. Name of Bangladesh in Muslim Era: SultaniRegime
Bangalah
Bangalahasaterritorialnamecametobeusedfromthe14thcenturyonwards,more
specificallyfromthetimeofSultanShamsuddinIliyasShah,denotingtheterritory
whichnowcomprisesthemodernindependentstateofBangladeshandtheIndian
stateofWestBengal.
Shah-i-BangalahandSultan-i-Bangalah:IliyasShahconsolidatedtheindependent
SultanateofBengal.HeconqueredLakhnautiofNorthBengal,SonargaonofEast
BengalandSatgaonofSouthBengal;andunifiedBengalas'Shah-i-Bangalah‘.Insome
cases,theregionwasalsofamiliarasSultan-i-Bangalahinthe14th,15thand16th
centuries.
**ZiauddinBaraniwasthefirstMuslimhistorianwhousedthetermsIqlim-i-
BangalahorDiyar-i-Bangalah(bywhichhemeanteasternBengal).
**Shams-i-SirajAfiftoldIliyasShahmentionedtheregionas'Shah-i-Bangalah',
'Sultan-i-Bangalah'and'Shah-i-Bangaliyan'afterhehadconsolidatedhis
poweroverthewholeofBengal.

10. Name of Bangladesh in Muslim Era : Mughal Regime
Subah-i-Bangalah
TheMughalsafterestablishingtheirsupremacy(1608A.D.)overtheregionincluded
BangalahasaSubah(province)whichcametobeknownasSubah-i-Bangalah.
AbulFazl,theMughalhistorianexplainedtheoriginofthenamethus:Theoriginal
nameofBangalahwasBang.Itsformerrulersraisedmoundsmeasuringtenyardsin
heightandtwentyinbreadththroughouttheprovince,whichwerecalled‘al’.From
thesuffix,thisnameBangalahtookitsriseandcurrency.Onemaynotagreewith
theexplanationofAbulFazl,butitisobviousthathemeantthat'Bangalah'
originatedfrom'Banga',ie'Vanga'ofthepre-Muslimperiod.
Banga
MirzaMuhammad Sirajud-DaulahcommonlywasthelastindependentNawabof
Bengal.Inthetimeofhisregime,henamedtheareaBangalah,Bihar,Odisha,and
Asamcollectivelyas“Banga”.

11. Name of Bangladesh in Post Muslim Era (up to 1971 A.D.)
Bengala: The name of this region appeared in the Portuguese records as 'Bengala‘.
Bengal: The English made this region firstly ‘Bengal’.
Eastern Bengal: Later in 1905, on the basis of ‘Rizli Plan’, on the 16
th
October 1905,
Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India by a declaration divided the province of Bengal into
two parts. This event is known as the Partition of Bengal. According to the Partition of
Bengal, the province of ‘Eastern Bengal’ and Assam was formed, consisting of Dhaka,
Chittagong, Rajshahi Divisions and Assam. Dhaka became the capital of the new
province.
East Pakistan: After 1947, on the basis of the ‘Two Nation Theory’ it was recognized in
the world as ‘East Pakistan’ up to 1971 A. D. in the record of Pakistan Government.
Bangladesh: During the Pakistan period firstly, the people, as well as politicians of East
Pakistan, decided to use the name of our country as ‘Bangladesh’ on 5
th
Dec’ 1969. On
the other hand on 10
th
April-1971, we declared the ‘Government of Bangladesh’.
Finally the day of Victory and on 16
th
Dec’1972, constitutionally we established the
name of our country as ‘People’s Republic Bangladesh’.

12. 12
Can any one explain or define what exactly mean
Subha-i-Bangalah?

13. 13
Have you any idea about the development trend
of the Bangla Language?

14. History of the Bangla Language
❑BanglaisaneasternIndo-Aryan
language.Itisnativetotheregionof
easternSouthAsiaknownasBengal,
whichcomprisespresent-dayBangladesh,
theIndianstateofWestBengel,andparts
oftheIndianstatesofTripuraandAssam.
ItiswrittenwiththeBengaliscript.With
nearly300milliontotalspeakers,Bengali
isoneofthemostspokenlanguages
(ranking4th)intheworld.
❑
Bengali-Speaking Area in South Asia

15. History of the Bangla Language
❑BanglaisthenationallanguageofBangladesh,theofficial
languageofWestBengal,TripuraandAssam.Itisalsoamajor
languageofAndamanandNicobarIslands.
❑BanglalanguageemergedasanewIndo-Aryanlanguageby
900-1000ADthroughMagadhiApabhramshandAbahattha,two
stagesofMagadhiPrakrit,alongwithtwootherIndo-Aryan
languages,OriyaandAssamese.Untilthe14thcentury,therewas
littlelinguisticdifferencebetweenBanglaandAssamese.

16. Diagram of the origin of
Bangla Language
Satam
Indo European
Indian Aryan
Sanskrit
Prakrit
Gouri Prakrit Maghdi Prakrit
Banga Kamrupi
Bangla
Kentum
Assamese Oriya

17. Development trend of Bangla Language
Usually,threeperiodsareidentifiedinthehistoryof
Bengali:
OldBangla(650/900-1200):TextsincludeCharyapada,
devotionalsongs;theemergenceofpronounsAmi,
tumi,etc.;verbinflections-ila,-iba,etc.Assamese
branchoutinthisperiodandOriyajustbeforethis
period.
MiddleBangla(1351–1800):Majortextsoftheperiod,
Krittivas'Ramayanhasbeencreditedtobeaclassic.
OthernarrativepoemsincludeSrikrishnavijayaby
MaladharVasuandSrikrishnakirttanbyBaru
ChandidaswhichSpreadofcompoundverbs;Persian
influence.
ModernBangla(1801-Till):Shorteningofverbsand
pronouns,amongotherchanges(e.g.tahar→tar
"his"/"her";koriyachhilô→korechhilohe/shehaddone).
Old Bangla
Middle Bangla
Modern Bangla
Development trend
of Bangla Language

18. Contribution of Various Races
ContributionofIndigenousPeople:Kula,Chal,Kodu,Alu,Chula,Dhol,Pet,
KatlathatwereusedbyIndigenouspeople.These“DeshiWords”arestillnow
usedinBangla.
ContributionofAustro-AsiaticandMongoloidPeople:Austro-Asiaticlanguages
likeSantali(Abola,Acir-Pacir,Ador,algaetc),Mundari(Akal)andKhasi(Ator)
areusedinBangla.Sino-TibetenlikeKachhari(akaj,ajalameansfoolish),Garo,
Tripurietc.
ContributionofDravidianandKolPeople:Theirinfluenceisevidentnotonlyin
thevocabularybutalsointheconstructionofsentences.Alargenumberof
onomatopoeicwords,repetitivewordsandconjunctiveverbsinBanglareveal
non-Aryaninfluence;forexample,wordssuchasGhoda-Toda(horsesetc),
Kapar-Chopar(clothesetc),Tuk-tuk,Khatkhat,Dhandha,Lagiyathaka(to
persevere),etc.

19. Contribution of Various Races
ContributionofAryanPeople:
Bangla,beingamemberoftheIndo-Aryanlanguages,isderivedfromSanskrit,
andhenceappearstobesimilartoHindiandPali.MagadhiPrakritandPali,the
earliestrecordedspokenlanguagesintheregion.ThelocalApabhramsa
languageoftheeasternsubcontinent,ApabhramsaorAbahatta,eventually
evolvedintoregionaldialects,whichinturnformedthreegroups:theBihari
languages,theOriyalanguages,andtheBengali-Assameselanguages.
ContributionofPala:ThefirstspecimenofBanglalanguageisCharyapadathat
composedbyBuddhistSaintsduringthePalaEmpire.
ContributionofSenaPeople:TheBanglaAlphabetisderivedfromtheBrahmi
alphabet.ThestableformationofBanglaAlphabethasbeenstartedfromSena
Rule.

20. Contribution of Various Races
ContributionofMuslimpeople
Fromthe13
th
centuryto15
th
centuryArabicwordslikeOkil,Kalam,Dalal,
Loksan,Khajna,Haloa,Maslaetc.;Persianwords-Ain,Ajad,Abdar,Romal,
Bagan,GoandaandsomeTurkishwordslikeToshak,Galicha,Daroga,Bibi,
Lash,ChakorincorporatedinBanglalanguage.Inaddition,theBangla
languagewaspracticedandpatronizedbyMuslimPoetsandrulersin
Mediaevalage.
ContributionofEuropeanPeople
Duringthe16
th
CenturyPortuguesepeoplecameinourregionand
contributedtothedevelopmentofourlanguage.SomePortuguesewords
usedinBanglalanguagelike-Almary,Alkathra,Alpin,Saban,Gosal,Balti,
Nilametc.Similarly,Dutch,FrenchstartedarrivinginBengal.Asaresult,words
fromtheselanguagesstartedenteringBanglavocabulary;forexample,
French:Cartouche,Coupon,Café,Restora;Dutch:Hartan,Iskaban.Withthe
startofBritishruleinthe18thcenturyandthespreadofEnglisheducation,
BanglastartedabsorbingincreasingnumbersofEnglishwordsaslikeTable,
Chair,General,Hospital,College,Headmasteretc.

21. 21
Can you mention the name of some persons who
highly contributed for the development of
Bangla language?

22. Contribution of Various Persons
Chandidas:ChandidasreferstoamedievalpoetofBengalorpossiblymorethanone.
Over1250poemsrelatedtotheloveofRadhaandKrishnainBengaliarefoundwith
threedifferentsobriquetsalongwithhisname,Baḍu,DvijaandDina.
WilliamCarey:Calcuttain1801,theeffortsofitshead,WilliamCarey,andhisassociate
Bengalischolars,madeBangladepartmentatFortWilliamCollege.Andtheypublished
firstBanglaprosebooks.
IshwarChandraVidyasagar:IshwarChandrawasaphilosopher,writer,and
philanthropist.HiseffortstosimplifyandmodernizeBengaliproseweresignificant.He
alsorationalizedandsimplifiedtheBengalialphabetandtype.
BankimchandraChatterjee:BankimchandraChattopadhyaywrotethirteennovelsand
manyironic,scientificandcriticaltreatiesinBengali.HeisthefatherofBanglanovel.
SaratChandraChattopadhyay:SaratChandrawasaBengalinovelistandshortstory
writer.HisnotableworksincludeDevdas,Srikanto,Choritrohin,Grihadaha,etc.

23. Contribution of Various Persons
MichaelMadhusudanDutta:Madhusudaniswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthe
greatestpoetsinBengaliliteratureandthefatheroftheBengalisonnet.
RabindranathTagore:RabindranathTagorereshapedBengaliliteratureandmusicin
thelate19thandearly20thcenturies.
KaziNazrulIslam:KaziNazrulIslamwasaBengalipoet,writer,musician,anti-colonial
revolutionaryandthenationalpoetofBangladesh.HeenrichedtheBanglapoet.
HaraPrasadShastri:HaraPrasadBhattacharyawasanarchivistandhistorianof
Bengaliliterature.HeismostknownfordiscoveringtheCharyapada,theearliest
knownexamplesofBengaliliterature.
SunitiKumarChatterji:SunitiKumarChatterjiwasanIndianlinguist,educationistand
litterateur.HecomposedtherenownedbookonBanglalanguagenamed“TheOrigin
andDevelopmentoftheBengaliLanguage”.

24. Contribution of Various Persons
Muhammad Shahidullah:Muhammad ShahidullahwasaBengalieducationist,writer,
philologistandlinguistofBangladesh.HehasmanybooksonBanglalanguage.
JnanendraMohanDas:JnanendraMohanDaswasawriterandlexicographer.He
published“BanglaBhasarAbhidhan”containing75,000words,tooktwentyyearsto
complete.Later,hepublishedanexpandedsecondedition,consistingof150,000
words.Thisdictionaryisstillpopulartoday.HeshowedthatBanglahas51.45percent
Tadbhavawords,44.00percentTatsamawords,3.30percentPerso-Arabicwordsand
1.25percentfromEnglish,Portugueseandotherlanguages.
NathanielBrasseyHalhed:“AGrammaroftheBengalLanguages”waswrittenbyhim.
ThisisthefirstgrammarbookoftheBengalilanguage.
Similarly,RamMohanRoy,BhabanicharanBandyopadhyay,MiirMosharrafHossain
andPramathaChyhaveagreatcontributionindevelopingtheBanglalanguage.

25. 25
What do you feel exactly about their
contribution? How do you evaluate their
influences?

26. 26
Please mention the Key outcomes of today’s
session!!!

27. Chapter Related Questions
•Exploretheoriginsanddevelopmentofthename“Bangladesh”
Traceitshistoricalevolutionfromancienttimestothepresent.
Thankyouall.