Orthopedics nursing.pptx hdysigz ohdkgx lhdkxkgx

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1. Orthopedics N ursing By Tahira Naseer MSHCM,CHPE Nursing lecturer BTSON ACK- Sir Suleman

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this LECTURE Learner will be able to 1) describe the basic structure and function of the system 2) discuss significance of the health history to the assessment of musculoskeletal health 3) specify the diagnostic test used for assessment of musculoskeletal function.

3. Introduction Orthopedics: The branch of medicine dealing with the correction of deformities of bones and muscles. Orthopedics nursing : Nursing management of disorder of bone and muscle, diseases and deformities of the muscle.

4. Anatomic and physiologic review The musculoskeletal system the BONES ,JIONTS ,MUSCLE ,TENDONS, LIGAMINTS, AND BURSAES. M usculoskeletal system provides protection for the vital organ, including the brain , heart and lungs.

5. Anatomic and physiologic review M uscle and tendons hold the bones together and joints allow the body to move. Tendon attaches muscle to bone Ligaments attach bone to bone

6. Function of Musculoskeletal S ystem Support Bones of the legs, pelvis, and vertebral column hold up the body M andible supports the teeth; Many other soft organs are directly or indirectly supported by nearby bones.

7. Protection Bones enclose and protect the Brain spinal cord Lungs Heart pelvic viscera bone marrow

8. CONTD… Movement Leg and arm movements are the most obvious examples of skeletomuscular movement; a less obvious one is that ventilation of the lungs depends on movement of the ribs by skeletal muscles

9. Blood formation Red bone marrow is the major producer of blood cells, including most cells of the immune system Electrolyte balance The skeleton is the body’s main mineral reservoir. It stores calcium and phosphate and releases them according to the body’s physiological needs.

10. Types of Muscle There are main three types of muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle

11. Types of Muscles

12. Smooth muscle Involuntary in action. Form the muscle layer in the wall of digestive tract, bladder, various ducts, arteries and veins etc. Smooth muscle cell are elongated and thin have only one nucleus and form sheets rather than bundle of muscle

13. Skeletal muscle The most abundant tissue in the body It helps in body movements Skeletal muscle is roughly cylindrical and contains many nuclei. Skeletal muscle are composite structure composed of many muscle fibers , nerve, blood vessel and connective tissues

14. Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle also called HEART MUCLES Cardiac muscles cells are located in the wall of the heart appear striated. Cardiac muscle are involuntary in action

15. Ligaments &Tendons Ligaments and tendons are body tissues that are essential to our movement. Ligaments are fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones and serve to hold structures together, while tendons are fibrous connective tissue that attach muscles to bone or other body structures.

16. Types of bones Human body is made up of 206 bones There are four main categories of bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones

17. Metacarpals   Metacarpal bones are  five long bones of the hand between the carpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the hand that make up most of the palm .

18. METATARSALS The metatarsal bones are the bones of the forefoot that connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) bones and  cuboid bone  to the base of the five phalanges of the foot. There are five metatarsal bones, numbered one to five from the hallux (great toe) to the small

19. The periosteum is the sheath outside your bones that supplies them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal. The endosteum is a membrane that lines the center of your bones that contain bone marrow.

20. J oints Types J oints join together two or more bone (SAD) Types of joints : Synarthrosis Immovable e.g. the skull suture Amphiarthrosis vertebral joints and symphysis pubic Allow limited motion Diarthrosis Freely movable joints. ball and sockets joints

21. Joint Capsule & Synovial Membrane A tough fibrous sheet called the joint capsule surrounds the articulating bones The capsule is lined with a membrane called synovial membrane that secrets the lubricating synovial fluids into the joints capsule Synovial fluids work as shock absorber

22. Nursing assessment Patient history Current illness Past health history Medications Family history Social history

23. Physical assessment Posture Gait Coordination Inspecting and palpating muscle Tone and mass Joint ROM

24. Grading muscle strength GRADE DESCRIPTION NO contraction, paralysis 1 Contraction felt .but no limb movement 2 Passive ROM 3 Full ROM against gravity 4 Full ROM against some resistance 5 Full ROM against some resistance

25. Risk factor Autoimmune disorders Calcium deficiency Degenerative conditions Falls Infections Uric acids accumulation in joints

26. Risk factors Medications Metabolic disorders Neoplastic disorders Obesity Post menopausal Trauma and injury

27. Diagnostic evaluation I maging procedure BONE SCAN CT SCAN DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) SCAN MRI

28. Arthroscopic Studies Arthroscopy Arthrocentesis Is done to get sample of synovial fluids for examination

29. Diagnostic evaluations Laboratory studies CBC Urinalysis Blood chemistry Serum calcium Uric acid

30. Thank you