Our Country India.pptx

Social class VI

1. Our Country India

2. India Size and L ocation Our country India is a great country in the world It is very Beautiful and of vast geographical expanse. India is  seventh largest  country in the world has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km. The north-south extent from  Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km.  And the east-west extent from  Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km. Located in Centrally South Asia, India protrudes in the Indian Ocean as Peninsula

3. India’s Grid Location India is located in the northern hemisphere. The  Tropic of Cancer (23°30‘N)   passes almost halfway through the country. Latitude extent-  From south to north, the mainland of India extends between  8°4 ‘ N and 37°6 ‘ N latitudes. longitudes extent-  From west to east, India extends between  68°7 ‘ E and 97°25 ‘ E longitudes

4. India’s Neighbours There are seven countries that share land boundaries with India. These are – Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh.

5. India’s Neighbours Short Trick-  बचपन  में  MBA  किया ब- Bangladesh च- China प- Pakistan न- Nepal M- Myanmar B- Bhutan A- Afghanistan Our island neighbours are- Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Palk Strait.

6. Political and Administrative Divisions For administrative purposes, the country is divided into 28 States and 8 Union Territories. The states have been formed mainly on the basis of languages. Rajasthan is the largest state and Goa is the smallest state in terms of area. Telangana became the 29th state (because that time J & K was a state) of India on 2 June 2014. On 31 October 2019  Jammu and Kashmir  became union territory. Union Territory of Daman and Diu has been merged with the Union Territory, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and the new UT will be called Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu with effect from  26 January 2020 .

7. Political and Administrative Divisions

8. Physical Division Our Country India has a diversity of physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts and islands.

9. Himalayan The word Himalayan is derived from Him+alaya mean ‘the abode of snow’. The Himalayan mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges. Great Himalaya or Himadri – The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri. The world’s highest peaks are located in this range. Middle Himalaya or Himachal – lies to the south of Himadri. The Shiwalik – is the southernmost range.

10. T he Great Indian D esert In the western part of India lies the Great Indian desert. It is a dry, hot and sandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation.

11. Aravali hills, one of the oldest ranges of the world, border it on the north-west side. The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the important ranges. The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These are west-flowing rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea. The Western Ghats or Sahyadris border the plateau in the west and the Eastern Ghats provide the eastern boundary.

12. Some Important Terms Peninsula:  A piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides. Desert:  A vast sandy stretch of land. Island:  A piece of land that is surrounded by water on all sides. Tributary:  A small river or stream that contributes its water to the main river by discharging it into the main river from either side. Delta:  An area of land formed at the mouth of the river. It is usually triangular in shape. Alluvial deposits:  Fine soil brought by rivers and deposited in the river basins. Corals:  These are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps. Tsunami:  A strong and devastating harbour wave, generated due to an earthquake on the seafloor. Strait:  A narrow passage of water connecting two large water bodies like seas and oceans. The Indian Ocean-  The Indian Ocean is present in the south of our country India it is the third-largest of the world’s five oceanic divisions. The Himalayas – The Himalayas, are a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The Arabian Sea – It is present in the southwestern part of India. The Indian state Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Kerala touch the Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal – It is present in the south-eastern part of India. The Indian states Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh touch the Bay of Bengal.

13. Exercise 1. Answer the following questions briefly. (a) Name the major physical divisions of India. Answer –  The major physical divisions of India: (i) The Himalayas (ii) The Northern Indian Plains (iii) The Great Indian Desert (iv) The Peninsular Plateau (v) The Coastal plains (vi) The two groups of Islands (b) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them. Answer –  Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Pakistan, Nepal and Myanmar share their border with India. (c) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea? Answer –  The two major rivers that fall into Arabian Sea are Narmada and Tapi. (d) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. Answer –  Sunderbans delta is formed where the Ganga and the Brahmaputra flow into Bay of Bengal.

14. Exercise (e) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital? Answer –  There are 28 states and 8 Union Territories. Haryana and Punjab have the same capital. (f) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern Plains? Answer –  A large number of people live in the Northern Plains, because the river plains provide fertile land for cultivation. (g) Why is Lakshadweep known as a coral island? Answer –   Lakshadweep islands are called as the coral islands, because they have been formed from corals. Corals are formed from the skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps.

15. 2. Tick the correct answers. (a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as (i) Shiwaliks (ii) Himadri (iii) Himachal (b) Sahyadris is also known as (i) Aravali (ii) Western Ghats (iii) Himadri (c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries (i) Sri Lanka and Maldives (ii) India and Sri Lanka (iii) India and Maldives (d) The Indian islands in the Arabian Sea are known as (i) Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ii) Lakshadweep Islands (iii) Maldives (e) The oldest mountain range in India is the (i) Aravali hills (ii) Western ghats (iii) Himalayas Exercise

16. Answer –  (a) The southernmost Himalayas are known as –  (i) Shiwaliks (b) Sahyadris is also known as –  (ii) Western Ghats (c) The Palk Strait lies between the countries –  (ii) India and Sri Lanka (d) The Indian islands in the Arabian Sea are known as –  (ii) Lakshadweep Islands (e) The oldest mountain range in India is the  –  (i) Aravali hills Exercise

17. Exercise

18. Map skills 1. On an outline map of India, mark the following. (a) Tropic of Cancer (b) Standard Meridian of India (c) State in which you live (d) Andaman Islands and Lakshadweep Islands (e) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats Exercise