Over nutrition.pptx

Iam the one of the medical student Doctor of Jamhuuriya university in somalia , muqdisho

1. Over Nutrition

2. Over Nutrition Ali-Dahir Mohamed Hibo Ali Elmi Hamdi Hasan Egal Feisal Abdullahi Farah Malnutrition Presentators Lecture Supervisor Dr Aidaruus Abdullahi

3. Introduction Overnutrition is defined as abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue that may affect the health status of individuals. It is the sum of overweight and obesity World Health Organization (WHO) defines Overweight as Z-score between +1 and + 2 standard deviation (SD), Obesity as Z-score > +2 SD

4. Overweight & Obesity Overweight and obesity are defined as  abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health . A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight , over 30 is obese.

5. Child and adolescent obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the gender-specific 95th percentile on the CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. Childhood extreme obesity was defined as a BMI at or above 120% of the gender-specific 95th percentile on the CDC BMI-for-age growth chart. Obesity

6. Overweight Child and adolescent overweight was defined as a BMI between the 85th and 95th percentile on the CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. Childhood obesity is associated with a higher risk of premature death and disability in adulthood

7. cont Overweight and obese children are more likely to stay obese into adulthood and more likely to develop chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery disease at a younger age, and increased future risks of breathing difficulties, fractures, insulin resistance, cancer, asthma, and psychological comorbid effects Over 71% of all deaths globally are due to noncommunicable diseases (NCD)

8. Factors contributing of Overnutrition foods that are high in fats, sugars, energy-dense foods , Increasing low intensity activity due to new modes of transportation and rapid urbanization, Dramatic changes in living environments as well as in diets and lifestyles that promote positive energy balance

9. Causes of Obesity Endocrine cause Genetic cause

10. ASSESSMENT 1. Anthropometric data, including weight, height, and calculation of BMI.

11. 2. Dietary and physical activity history Assess patterns and potential targets for behavioral change . 3- Physical examination. Assess blood pressure, adiposity distribution (central versus generalized), markers of comorbidities (acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, hepatomegaly, orthopedic abnormalities), and physical stigmata of a genetic syndrome (explains fewer than 5% of cases). 4- . Laboratory studies. All 9-11 year olds should be screened for high cholesterol levels . Other useful laboratory tests may include hemoglobin A1c, fasting lipid profile, fasting glucose levels , liver function tests, and thyroid function tests ( if there is a faster increase in weight than height ).

12. PREVENTION Prevention is the key to success for obesity control Behavioral and lifestyle modifications are the primary tools for reducing obesity Prevention of childhood obesity on the other hand can be more rewarding, providing better chances for reducing long-term complications .

13. levels of prevention There are three levels of prevention in dealing with childhood obesity: primordial prevention as it deals with keeping a healthy weight and a normal BMI through childhood and into teens primary prevention aiming to prevent overweight children from becoming obese secondary prevention directed toward the treatment of obesity so as to reduce the co-morbidities and reverse overweight and obesity if possible

14. Healthy eating, with the number of calories used with the activities and activity

15. TREATMENT More aggressive therapies are considered only for those who have not responded to other interventions. the clinician should guide the patient who seeks weight reduction to create SMART goals: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely. Pediatric experiences with drugs are limited. Anorectic drugs (suppress appetite ) are not recommended for routine use , and the efficiency and safety of these drugs have to be established by controlled clinical trial.

16. In the context of a general lack of effective tools for primary prevention or behavioral treatment of obesity, surgical treatment may be advocated as a preferred and cost-effective solution for certain children and adolescents

17. Xaalka aduunka Xaalka somalia