Parts and functions of a microscope

as a partial requirement for one of my subject for this semester

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1. Microscope
-Sir Leomered P. Medina

2. MICROSCOPE
A microscope is an instrument used to see
objects that are too small for the naked eye.
The science of investigating small objects using
such an instrument is called microscopy.
Microscopic means invisible to the eye unless
aided by a microscope.

3. Parts and Functions of a
Compound Microscope

4. Light Microscope
Uses single lens
Uses set lenses or a
lens system
SIMPLE COMPOUND

5. Simple Light Microscope

6. Compound Microscope

7. Compound Microscope
Mechanical Parts Magnifying Parts Illuminating Parts
Adjustments
and Support
Enlarge the
specimen
Provide the
light

8. Mechanical Parts
oBase
–Bottommost portion that supports the
entire/lower microscope
oPillar
–Part above the base that supports the other
parts
oInclination Joint
–Allows for tilting of the microscope for
convenience of the user

9. Base
Pillar
Inclination Joint

10. oArm/Neck
–Curved/slanted part which is held while
carrying the microscope
oStage
–Platform where object to be examined is
placed
oStage Clips
–Secures the specimen to the stage
Mechanical Parts

11. oStage Opening
oBody Tube
–Attached to the arm and bears the lenses
oDraw Tube
–Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube
that holds the ocular lenses
Mechanical Parts

12. Draw Tube
Stage
Body
Tube
Arm /
Neck

13. oRevolving/Rotating Nosepiece
–Rotating disc where the objectives are
attached
oDust Shield
–Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust from
settling on the objectives
Mechanical Parts

14. Dust Shield
Revolving
Nosepiece

15. oCoarse Adjustment Knob
–Geared to the body tube which elevates or
lowers when rotated bringing the object into
approximate focus
o Fine Adjustment Knob
–A smaller knob for delicate focusing bringing
the object into perfect focus

16. Coarse
Adjustment
Knob
Fine
Adjustment
Knob

17. •Condenser Adjustment Knob
–Elevates and lowers the condenser to
regulate the intensity of light
•Iris Diaphragm Lever
–Lever in front of the condenser and which is
moved horizontally to open/close the
diaphragm
Mechanical Parts

18. Condenser
Adjustment Knob
Iris Diaphragm
Lever

19. Illuminating Parts
oMirror
–Located beneath the stage and has concave and
plane surfaces to gather and direct light in order to
illuminate the object
oElectric Lamp
–A built-in illuminator beneath the stage that may eb
used if sunlight is not preferred or is not available

20. Mirror /
Electric Lamp

21. MAGNIFYING PARTS
•Ocular / Eyepiece
–Another set of lens found on top of the body
tube which functions to further magnify the
image produced by the objective lenses. It
usually ranges from 5x to 15x.

22. Ocular/ Eyepiece
Objectives

23. MAGNIFYING PARTS
•Objectives
–Metal cylinders attached below the nosepiece and
contains especially ground and polished lenses
•LPO / Low Power Objective
–Gives the lowest magnification, usually 10x
•HPO / High Power Objective
–Gives higher magnification usually 40x or 43x
•OIO / Oil Immersion Objective
–Gives the highest magnification, usually 97x or
100x, and is used wet either with cedar wood oil or
synthetic oil

24. Total Magnification#rMirm3m%PLMLmLrem4mLLLmLre
Magnification = Objective lens X Eyepiece lens
e.g. What is the total
magnification if the objective lens
is twenty times (X20) and the
eyepiece lens five times (X5)?
Magnification = 20 X 5 = X100

25. As magnification increases, detail
increases but
Onion cell
40x
Onion cell 100x
Onion cell 400x
less of the cell is seen

26. Caring for the Microscope
1.Do not let any liquids to come in contact with
the microscope.
2.Always store the microscope inside a box
after use.
3.Return the objective lens onto low power after
use.
4.Carry the microscope by the arm.
5.Use a soft clean tissue to wipe the lenses

27. Microscope Microscope
slidesslides
CoverslipCoverslip
ss

28. Preparing a
slide as a wet
mount.

29. Use of stains
some parts of a plant cell can be clearly
seen when the cell is mounted in water
E.g. an Elodea leaf cell:
cell wall
several chloroplasts

30. other cell structures which are not so
obvious can often be shown up more clearly
by the addition of dyes called STAINS
Iodine Solution
Used to stain plant
cells
Methylene Blue
Used to stain animal
cells

31. A thin inner layer of
epidermis is peeled
off.
An onion is cut
into quarters.
One of the fleshy scale
leaves is removed.
Snapping leaf
backwards exposes
the epidermis.
Epidermis is placed on
slide & covered with 2-3
drops of distilled water .
Coverslip is lowered.
A drop of stain is put
at one end of slide.
1
2
3
5
4
6
7
Stain is drawn over
specimen using a small
piece of filter paper.

32. -Sir Leomered P. Medina
End