Patient counseling on epilepsy.pptx

patient counseling: Patient counseling is defined as providing medication information orally or in written form to the patients or their representatives on directions of use, advice on side effects, precautions, storage, diet and life style modifications.

Focal seizures begin in one area of the brain, but can become generalized and spread to other areas

1. Patient counseling on epilepsy Presented by- Jagruti G. Mahajan ( D.Pharm ) Pranita V. Mitkari ( D.Pharm ) KYDSCT’S College of Pharmacy, Sakegaon , Bhusawal Guide: Miss. A.B.Chavhan

2. Scenario Ms. ABC, a 25 years old female, had to visit to the hospital, reports brief episode of seizure and temporary loss of consciousness for about 1-2 min. she works at marketing company and drive occasionally. Her work collogues accompanied her while episode and they reported recovery in consciousness after the seizure activity with dizziness afterwards. Ms. ABC stated that she had feel very strong sensation of déjà vu, a rising sensation in the abdomen and unusual taste. Her colleagues witnessed the event, they said she collapsed and jerking and not responding to their comment and it last for 1-2min. Also she reports the afterwards symptoms like extreme sleepiness, Inability to recall what occurred during the seizure, and Unawareness of having had a seizure. She had no vomiting, palpitation, fever, urinary incontinence. She had no head injury or neurological illness or use of recreation drug. She reported no any allergies or current medication. His family history revealed that her grandfather died of heart attack. She experienced the similar event a couple of month’s ago.

3. Diagnosis Neurological exam: motor abilities and mental function of brain were found to be normal Blood tests: No abnormalities were found Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ): brain MRI scan was found to be normal. Electroencephalogram (EEG ): abnormal EEG due to the presence of potential epileptiform activity from the left temporal lobe. Impression: S pikes and sharp waves on the EEG in a left temporal lobe

4. Electrical signal Excitatory neuron Inhibitory neuron Epilepsy: recurrent episodes of seizure Seizures: transient episodes associated with abnormal excessive electrical discharges from neurons.

5. Sudden excitatory signals ‘over & over’ in localized area of the brain Seizure appears on the body part like intentional or unintentional arm movement Perception of weird smell or taste

6. TEMPORAL LOBE SEIZURE/FOCAL SEIZURE (Symptoms) Blank expression; Deja Vu Unusual odor/taste Dizziness A rising sensation in the abdomen Repetitive motions Loss of awareness of surrounding

7. After a temporal lobe seizure, you may have Inability to recall what occurred during the seizure Unawareness of having had a seizure Extreme sleepiness

8. Treatment The goal of treatment is to prevent further seizures, avoid adverse effects, and enable patients to lead active lives. Anti-epileptic drugs (AED) Carbamazepine, phenytoin or V alproic acid (sodium valproate)  are often rated as first-line drugs for treatment of focal seizure Starting treatment with 100-mg extended phenytoin capsule three times daily. 

9. SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH USING PHENYTOIN Headache N umbness D rowsiness Nausea & vomiting fatigue Loss of balance

10. CONTRAINDICATIONS Hypoglycemic seizure patient Sinus bradycardia Heart block Pregnancy or lactation Blood disorde rs DRUG-INTERACTION There are numerous drug interaction While having another treatment consult it before starting the treatment

11. DO’S Avoid high risk-activities like swimming, driving, roof tops etc. For at least 6 months after the last seizure Take medications on right time to avoid the side effects Put the hospital emergency card in your pocket Inform when you are on oral contraceptives or taking anti tubercular drugs Report immediately if seizure frequency increases or develops any intermittent illness especially fever & behavioral problem Should maintain a seizure diary & have regular follow up to ensure that prescribed medication is taken as advised to detect any ADR. Subsequent follow up at every 3-6 months DON’T’S Avoid alone traveling Drinking alcohol while on medication Not getting proper sleep Heavy work Negative thoughts & attitudes

12. Seek immediate medical help if any of the following occurs: The seizure lasts more than five minutes. Breathing or consciousness doesn't return after the seizure stops. A second seizure follows immediately. Recovery isn't complete after the seizure is over. Recovery is slower than usual after the seizure is over. You have a high fever. You're experiencing heat exhaustion. You're pregnant. You have diabetes. You've injured yourself during the seizure. When to see a doctor