PATTERN OF INHERITANCE-MENDELIAN GENETICS.pptx

Patterns of inheritance describe how traits are passed from parents to offspring, including Mendelian and non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
Mendelian Inheritance
Mendelian inheritance is based on the principles established by Gregor Mendel, who studied pea plants. The key patterns include:
Autosomal Dominant: Only one copy of a dominant allele is needed for the trait to be expressed. For example, if a parent has a dominant allele for a trait, there is a 50% chance that the offspring will inherit that trait. An example of an autosomal dominant disorder is neurofibromatosis type I.

1. PATTERN OF INHERITANCE ALVIN MARC M. DANCEL, MAT

2. REVIEW What carries food (sugar) throughout the plant?

3. REVIEW Why is xylem like a straw?

4. “Who do you look like?”

5. “Unjumbled Me.” 1. TARIT - ______________ A characteristic like eye color, skin complexion, height, etc.

6. “Unjumbled Me.” 2. LESALLE - ______________ =Different versions of a traits you inherited from your parents

7. “Unjumbled Me.” 3. NADOMINT - ______________ An inherited trait that is expressed when present.

8. “Unjumbled Me.” 4. SIVECESER - ______________ An inherited trait that is hidden in the presence of the dominant trait. It is expressed when the dominant trait is absent.

9. “Unjumbled Me.” 5. ROHETOZOGYUS - ______________ Having two different alleles for a particular trait

10. “Unjumbled Me.” 6. OUSOMOGYHU - _____________ Having two identical alleles for a particular trait

11. Differences and Similarities of your traits by observing yourself, your siblings, your mother and your father. Instruction: 1. Study the table below. 2. Identify the traits that you, your brother, sister, mother, and your father have by checking (✓) the appropriate box.

12. Pedigree - a  list  of the  parents  and other  relations  of an ORGANISM.  

13. Guide Questions: 1.What is the dominant trait ? 2.How was the dominant trait expressed in symbols? 3.What is the recessive trait ? How was the recessive trait expressed in symbols? How many males possess the dominant trait? Recessive trait? How many females possess the dominant trait? Recessive trait? A male carries a dominant trait and marries a female with a recessive trait . Which of the traits would their children inherit? Why do you think so?

14. Guide Questions: 1.What is the dominant trait ? 2.How was the dominant trait expressed in symbols? 3.What is the recessive trait ? How was the recessive trait expressed in symbols? How many males possess the dominant trait? Recessive trait? How many females possess the dominant trait? Recessive trait? A male carries a dominant trait and marries a female with a recessive trait . Which of the traits would their children inherit? Why do you think so?

15. pair ACTIVITY( 1 whole): INSTRUCTION: COPY THE DIAGRAM AND FILL IN THE CORRECT WORD IN EACH BOX.

16. AT THE BACK OF YOUR PAPER: What surprised you most about trait inheritance in your family? What was confusing at first but is now clearer? What trait are you curious to trace in your family?

17. 1. What is a pedigree ? A) A type of dog breed B) A chart that shows inherited traits and relationships C) A scientific instrument used in genetic research D) A type of genetic mutation

18. 2. Curly hair (C) is dominant over straight hair (c). Which is the correct representation for the allele for curly hair? Cc B) CC C) cC D) cc

19. Which of the following represents a recessive allele? AA aa Aa D) aA

20. 4. What do shaded shapes in a pedigree usually represent? A)dead individuals B)affected individuals C)unaffected individuals D)alive individuals

21. 5. What is a DOMINANT trait? A) A trait that is only expressed in the presence of a recessive allele. B) A trait that is always expressed, overriding the expression of its recessive allele. A trait that is expressed when both alleles are recessive. D) A trait that is rarely expressed in offspring.

22. 6.What is a RECESSIVE trait? A)A trait that is always expressed, overriding the expression of its dominant allele. B)A trait that is expressed only in the presence of a dominant allele. C)A trait that is expressed when both alleles are dominant. D)A trait that is expressed only in the absence of the dominant allele.

23. 7. What is a DOMINANT trait? A) A trait that is only expressed in the presence of a recessive allele. B) A trait that is always expressed, masking the expression of its recessive allele. C) A trait that is expressed when both alleles are recessive. D) A trait that is rarely expressed in offspring.

24. 8 . What does a pedigree analysis show? A) The genetic makeup of an individual. B) The observable traits of an individual. C) The transmission of traits within a family. D) The environmental factors affecting an individual.

25. IDENTIFY THE FFG SYMBOL: 9. H 10. Gg\

26. MENDELIAN GENETICS: MONOHYBRID CROSS

27. LEARNING COMPETENCY: Predict simple ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes in crosses involving dominant/recessive gene pairs through Punnett squares.

28. REVIEW 1. The principles of inheritance discovered by Charles Darwin, including the law of dominance, law of segregation and the law of independent assortment. Instruction: Identify the concept if it is correct or otherwise. Check symbol (√) for correct and cross symbol (X) for incorrect.

29. REVIEW 2. Monohybrid cross is a genetic cross involving only one trait.

30. REVIEW 3. Pedigree is a diagrammatic representation of a family's genetic history, showing the transmission of traits across generations.

31. REVIEW 4. Recessive trait is a trait that is always expressed, overriding the expression of its dominant allele.

32. REVIEW 5. Phenotypes are the observable traits or characteristics of an organism, resulting from its genotype and influenced by environmental factors.

33. SITUATION ANALYSIS: In a city hospital, a mix-up of the most curious kind unfolded. Daddy Willy and Mommy Celia welcomed their newest addition, Baby Volty with short fair skin , into the world. But instead of joy, confusion reigned supreme. Mommy Celia was convinced of a hospital mistake, alleging their baby had been swapped. Daddy Willy , a homozygous for his dark skin , and Mommy Celia, heterozygous with a history of fair-skinned relatives would like to know if indeed How can you help them Baby Brandy is their child. ?

34. Guide Question: 1. How can you help solve the problem of Daddy Willy and Mommy Celia? 2. How can you predict the characteristics of an offspring of an organism?

35. ACTIVITY 4.1 The Colorful Tale of Bella, Benny, and Their Butterfly Young: A Story of Genetics and Diversity Source: https://tinyurl.run/eXojhA

36. VOCABULARY: Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive). Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., one dominant and one recessive allele).

37. VOCABULARY: Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism, consisting of the alleles it inherits from its parents. Phenotype: The observable traits or characteristics of an organism, resulting fr om its genotype and influenced by environmental factors.

38. VOCABULARY: Genotypic Ratio: The ratio of different genotypes produced by a genetic cross, representing the probability of each genotype occurring among the offspring. Phenotypic Ratio: The ratio of different phenotypes produced by a genetic cross, representing the probability of each phenotype occurring among the offspring.

39. ACTIVITY 4.2 MY FUTURE FAMILY Source; https://rachelbustin.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Thinking-About-Your-Families-Future.jpg

40. Mendel’s crosses can be recorded in a chart called a Punnett square . The Punnett square helps us to predict the outcome of a given cross. It allows us to determine the possible combinations of genes in a cross. The use of the Punnett square can be best illustrated by solving an actual problem, like determining the expected result when two hybrid round-seeded peas are crossed.

41. PROBLEM: In pea plants, the height of the plant is a genetic trait that has two distinct phenotypes : tall and short . The allele for tall height is completely dominant over the allele for short height . In a cross between two pea plants that are hybrids for height , what is the expected phenotype and genotypes of the offsprings?

42. ACTIVITY No. 4.2: My Future Family

43. Procedure: Study the traits given below and choose at least one trait you would like to appear in your offspring in the future. Eye color Hair color Facial Features Common Inherited Traits in Humans Hair texture Skin color Blood type Body build Height Fingerprint patterns Dimples

44. 2. Imagine that you already have a family of your own. 3. Describe the trait of your spouse or partner and hypothetically determine if they are dominant or recessive in the trait that you have chosen. 4. Based on the traits depicted on your family tree, predict the possible combinations of traits their future children may inherit.

45. 4. Based on the traits depicted on your family tree, predict the possible combinations of traits their future children may inherit.

46. WORDED PROBLEM: 1. A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a short plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

47. WORDED PROBLEM: 2. A heterozygous tall plant is crossed with another heterotall plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

48. WORDED PROBLEM: 3. A heterozygous yellow plant is crossed with another heteroyellow plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

49. WORDED PROBLEM: 3. A hm plant is crossed with another heteroyellow plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

50. WORDED PROBLEM: 4. A homozygous green plant is crossed with another heteroyellow plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

51. WORDED PROBLEM: . A heteroaxial plant is crossed with a homoaxial plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

52. WORDED PROBLEM: 6. Show the cross between two heterozygous inflated peas. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

53. WORDED PROBLEM: 7. Show the cross between two heterozygous inflated peas. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

54. WORDED PROBLEM: 8. Show the cross between a homozygous inflated and a homozygous constricted pea plant . What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

55. WORDED PROBLEM: 9. Show the cross between a heterozygous tall plant and a short plant. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?

56. WORDED PROBLEM: 10. In pea plants, axial flowers are dominant to terminal flowers. A heterozygous axial flowered plant is crossed with one that has terminal flowers. What are the phenotypes, genotypes, phenotypic ratio, and genotypic ratio of the offspring?