Pavithran ppt document agriculture AEN.pptx

Ppt

1. BIOLOGICAL METHOD OF PEST MANAGEMENT IN VEGETABLE, SPICES AND ORNAMENTALS . Presented by Atchaya j 2021022011

2. BIOLOGICAL METHOD 0F PEST MANAGEMENT. It is an approach to pest management that relies on natural enemies such as parasites, predators. It help to maintain ecological balance and reduce reliance on synthetic pesticides ,making it a more sustainable approach to pest control.

3. HISTORY Started in eighteenth century with the introduction of vedalia beetle into Central America from Australia for control of cottony cushion scale on citrus.

4. Chinese were the first to use natural enemies to control insect pest. Ocephylla smaragdina were used in control of Tesseratoma papillosa .

5. APPROACHES TO ACHIEVE POTENTIAL BIO-PEST CONTROL THREE WAYS TO ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIO PEST CONTROL Classical. Augmentive . Conservation of indigenous natural enemies.

6. CLASSICAL BIOLOGICAL CONTROL It is consider as TRUE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL APPROACH. Control by introducing and establishing effective natural enemies from pest area of origin.

7. AUGMENTATIVE BIO CONTROL It means adding natural enemies . It is used in agro forestry ecosystem. TWO WAYS Inoculation Indundation

8. CONSERVATION OF INDIGENENOUS NATURAL ENEMIES It means keeping alive and enhancing the effectiveness of natural enemies that already present in ecosystem.

9. Parasitoides Predators Parasites BIO CONTROL AGENTS

10. PARASITOIDES Holometabolous Adult are free living Only females are significant players.

11. Lives in another organism and benefits by deriving nutrients. Greatest diversity found in HYMENOPTERA. TWO TYPES Ecto parasite Endo parasite Hyper parasite Parasite

12. Based on feeding Egg parasite Egg larval parasite Larval parasite Larva pupal parasite Pupal parasite

13. Entamophagous species. 16 orders 200 families TYPES Monophagy Olingophagy Polyphagy Predators

14. advantages Low cost Not harmful Pest unable to develop resistance Potential to be permanent DISADVANTAGES Level of control may not sufficient Requires experts supervision Research cost is high.