PC - Oral_Communication_-_Lesson_-_04.pptx

Purposive Communication

1. M1L4

2. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication? TARGETS Identify the functions of communication and discuss these using own experiences Explain the relationship between the needs and effects of communication Identify the different types of speech contexts

3. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION We communicate for different reasons. Often, however, people talk without having a clear goal, and thus, fail to receive their reaction from their listeners. By studying the different functions of communication, you can modify your communication style depending on your intended purpose. ORAL COMMUNICATION

4. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? Purposes of Speaking Information Entertainment Persuasion ORAL COMMUNICATION

5. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? These functions help the speaker determine his or her general purpose in delivering a speech. Information- we communicate to transmit information to others. In every aspect of our lives, we make sense of what is happening around us by sharing, receiving, modifying, and reflecting on meaning. The goal of the speaker whose communication purpose is to inform is for the listeners to retain the message being conveyed. ORAL COMMUNICATION

6. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? 2. Entertainment- We communicated to amuse or evoke a positive emotion from our listeners. When you tell a joke, narrate a humorous story, or relate a funny experience, you are communicating to entertain. Communicating to entertain does not just involve humor but also drama. For instance, talking about a personal experience of struggle and achievement and being able to move and inspire the audience is considered entertaining speech. ORAL COMMUNICATION

7. Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? 3. Persuasion- We communicate to convince and move people to action. When you give commands, request someone to do something for you, or influence someone to think in a specific way, you are speaking to persuade. Convincing someone to buy a particular product, negotiating the price of merchandise, arguing about the effectiveness of a plan, defending your thesis, and promoting a certain agenda, or even asking for additional allowance requires persuasive skills. ORAL COMMUNICATION

8. Functions of Communication within Organizations Control Motivation Emotional Expression Information ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

9. Functions of Communication within Organizations Control- is used to regulate or direct the behavior, actions, or decisions of others. This function is often evident in situations where authority, rules, or guidance is involved. Communication serves to control behavior of an organization’s individual members. Leaders communicate certain rules and policies that each member must follow to ensure that the group functions effectively. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

10. Examples: Instructions: "All employees must submit their reports by Friday.“ Rules and Regulations: "No smoking in this area.“ Parental Command: "Finish your homework before you watch TV.“ Legal Directives: "Drivers must stop at a red light.“ Supervisory Guidance: "Please prioritize the client's request and complete it by the end of the day." ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

11. Functions of Communication within Organizations 2 . Motivation- is used to encourage or inspire others to take action, pursue goals, or improve their performance. Members are motivated through praise or constructive criticism. Leaders must communicate in specific terms what they want out of its members, identifying points of improvement and clear goals. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

12. Examples: Inspirational Speech: "Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is greater than any obstacle.“ Encouragement: "You've got this! Just one more push, and you'll reach your goal!“ Coaching: “ If you keep practicing, you'll get better every day. Don't be afraid to fail; every mistake is a step closer to success.“ Personal Motivation: " I'm going to start exercising regularly because I want to feel healthier and more energetic." ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

13. Functions of Communication within Organizations 3 . Emotional Expression- involve conveying feelings or emotions, whether directly or through tone, body language, or word choice. Social interactions among members manage to fulfill needs by allowing emotional expressions. Members of a work group who may be feeling frustrated or depressed may find comfort in knowing that his or her officemates feel the same way. At the same time, feeling of fulfilment, when shared, create a positive atmosphere in the workplace. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

14. Examples: Happiness : "I'm so thrilled! I just got promoted!“ Sadness: "I can't believe it's over. I feel so empty inside.“ Anger: "How could you do this to me? I'm furious!“ Love: "I love you more than words can say.“ Frustration: "This is so annoying! Nothing is going right today.“ Surprise: "Wow, I didn't see that coming!" ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

15. Functions of Communication within Organizations 4. Information- also known as the referential function , is used to convey facts, data, or knowledge. It's focused on delivering clear, objective information. Communication facilitates decision-making through sharing and gathering of information which may help in identifying problems, analyzing the situation, and providing possible solutions to problems in the workplace. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

16. Examples: News Report: "The meeting is scheduled for 10:00 AM tomorrow in Conference Room B.“ Scientific Fact: "Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, forming the chemical compound H₂O.“ Weather Update: "Today's forecast predicts partly cloudy skies with a high of 78°F." ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

17. Functions of Communication within Organizations Control Motivation Emotional Expression Information ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

18. Short Activity: Identify the following statement what functions of language within organization is being express. ( Control, Motivation, Emotional Expression and Information) A manager sends out a memo outlining the new procedures for submitting expense reports, ensuring all employees follow the same process. Control 2. During a team meeting, the leader assigns specific tasks to each team member, thereby controlling the workflow and ensuring that everyone knows their responsibilities. Control ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

19. 3. During a team meeting, an employee expresses gratitude to colleagues for their support during a challenging project, strengthening team bonds. Emotional Expression 4. An email is sent out to all employees informing them of changes to the company’s health benefits policy, ensuring everyone is aware of the new terms. Information 5. A supervisor sends a congratulatory email to a team that has exceeded its sales targets, praising their hard work and encouraging them to keep up the great work. Motivation ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

20. 6. Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is greater than any obstacle. Motivation 7 . All employees must submit their reports by Friday. Control 8. This is so annoying! Nothing is going right today. Emotional Expression 9. The meeting is scheduled for 10:00 AM tomorrow in Conference Room B. Information 10. Today's forecast predicts partly cloudy skies with a high of 78°F. Information ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

21. Functions of Language Referential Poetic Emotive Conative Phatic Metalinguistic ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ? Roman Jakobson (1960) Identified six functions of language in any speech event which he defines as the constitutive factors in any speech event, in any act of verbal communication.

22. Functions of Language Referential- is illustrated by communicative acts of describing things, situations, and conditions. Example include self-talk, in which people are able to describe how they feel. also known as the referential use of language , involve using language to convey information, describe objects, situations, or express factual content. It's primarily focused on the denotative meaning of words. Here are a few examples: ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

23. 1. Weather Report: "The temperature today is 75°F, and it's sunny with a slight breeze.“ This statement provides factual information about the weather. 2. Historical Fact: "The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776.“ This sentence refers to a specific historical event, conveying factual information. 3. Instructional Language: "To start the computer, press the power button on the front.“ This is a direct instruction that refers to a specific action. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

24. Functions of Language 2. Poetic- emphasizes the aesthetic and expressive qualities of language, focusing on how something is said rather than just what is being said. This function is often found in literature, poetry, and creative writing. We also use language to express ourselves creatively. This is illustrated by how poets or writers choose their words and the structures or organization of these words to create literary pieces. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

25. Examples: Poetry : "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate."(From Shakespeare's Sonnet 18) Alliteration : "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.“ Metaphor : "Time is a thief.“ Rhyme and Rhythm : "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, / How I wonder what you are.“ Wordplay : "I have a heart that never beats, but I live by drawing breath. I am not alive, but I grow; I don't have lungs, but I need air." ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

26. Functions of Language 3. Emotive- focuses on expressing the speaker's feelings, attitudes, or emotions. This function is often subjective and personal, aiming to evoke a similar emotional response in the listener. Deals with expressing emotions. This function extends the denotative meaning of a statement by adding information about how the speaker feels and what her attitude is on the subject. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

27. Examples: Expression of Joy : "I'm so excited about the vacation! I can't wait to go!“ Expression of Anger: "I can't believe you did that! I'm furious!“ Expression of Sadness: "I feel so lonely without you here.“ Expression of Love: "You mean the world to me, and I love you more than words can say.“ Expression of Frustration: "Ugh, this is so frustrating! Nothing is going right today!" ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

28. 4 . Conative- Attempts to evoke a particular reactions in a listener. This is illustrated in utterances that are commanding, requesting, and persuading, that aimed at prompting someone to do something. Examples: Command: "Please close the door.“ Request: "Could you help me with this project?“ Persuasion: "You should really try this new restaurant; the food is amazing!“ Encouragement: "Don't give up! You can do this!" ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

29. Functions of Language 5. Phatic- is centered on social interaction and the establishment or maintenance of communication, rather than conveying information or content. It's often used to open, close, or keep the conversation going. We communicate for the sake of interaction. Example of phatic communication include greeting acquaintances and asking how they are to maintain positive relationships or talking to strangers about things as trivial as the weather. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

30. Examples: Greeting: "Hi, how are you?“ Small Talk: "Nice weather we're having, isn't it?“ Farewell: "See you later!“ Acknowledgement: "Uh-huh," or "I see." ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

31. 6. Metalinguistic- involves using language to discuss, describe, or analyze language itself. This function is often found in explanations, definitions, corrections, or discussions about language use. Occurs when communications need to “check-up whether they use the same code,” or in other words, when they want to know if they are on the same page. It is important in maintaining that the listener can follow what is being said. “What do you mean?” is an example of a metalinguistics utterance asking for clarifications. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

32. Examples: a.) Clarifying a term : When you say 'hyperbole,' what exactly do you mean?“ b.) Asking for a definition: "Can you explain what you mean by 'contextualize’?” c.) Checking for shared understanding: "Are we both using 'irony' in the same sense here?“ d.) Seeking confirmation of a phrase: "When you said 'on cloud nine,' are you using that as a metaphor for happiness?" ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

33. Functions of Language: Referential Poetic Emotive Conative Phatic Metalinguistic ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

34. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Referential 2. The temperature today is 30°C. Referential 3. What do you mean by 'low-key'? I'm not familiar with that slang. Metalinguistic 4. Good morning! Phatic ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

35. 5. Goodbye, take care! Phatic 6. The whispering wind whirled wildly through the willows. Poetic 7. I came, I saw, I conquered. Poetic 8. Close the door, please. Conative ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

36. 9. I’m so excited for the trip! Emotive 10. Could you pass me the salt? Conative 11. See you later! Phatic 12. I’m really scared of what might happen. Emotive ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

37. 13. It is currently 25°C with a chance of rain later in the afternoon. Referential 14. I’m really worried about the results. Emotive 15. What’s up? Phatic ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

38. PURPOSES AND NEEDS OF COMMUNICATION Abraham Maslow lists down the human needs to be satisfied by the speaker to receive a favorable response from the listener ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

39. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological needs- are basic human needs necessary for survival. People communicate to satisfy these basic needs. 2. Safety Needs- are needs pertaining to physical and emotional safety. This involves living in a society with law and order, free from the fear of threats, danger, or instability. 3. Social Needs- are needs that requires the sense of belongingness or the feeling of being loved. People operating on this level strive to acquire the acceptance and appreciation of others and have fulfilling relationships with family and friends. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

40. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 4. Esteem- refers to the need to be recognized and respected. This involves achieving self-esteem and the esteem of others for demonstrating excellence in activities such as those in the fields of sports, academics or work. 5. Self-actualization- is the highest goal in the ladder and is the most difficult to achieve. All the needs mentioned above must be satisfied. It refers to the ability of fulfilling one’s desires, growing as an individual, and realizing one’s potential. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

41. Packard’s Theory of Needs In his research study, Vance Packard (1986) analyzed the persuasive strategies utilized by advertisers to appeal to people’s needs. He identified eight hidden needs often used to persuade people into purchasing certain products. ( Emotional security, Reassurance of worth, Ego gratification, Creative outlets, Love objects, Sense of power, Roots, and Immortality). ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

42. Packard’s Theory of Needs 1. Emotional security – refers to the need to feel safe, secure, or comfortable. For instance, commercials emphasize the health benefits of eating certain food products. 2. Reassurance of worth - is the need to feel important or valued in society. People constantly need to be reminded that they are contributing something to society by doing something or simply being themselves. 3. Ego gratification- refers to the need to be praised or acknowledge. 4. Creative outlets- are requirements for expressing one’s creativity. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

43. Packard’s Theory of Needs 5. Love objects- are things that allow an individual, particularly the adults or those living alone, to demonstrate one’s love or affection. 6. Sense of power - refers to the ability to control things or other people. 7. Roots- also relates to one’s identity. People tend to choose products that they can identify themselves with, such as those promoting their culture, or those that have been used by their own families. 8. Immortality- is the need to somehow defy aging or death. Products that promise a “youthful glow” for instance, appeals to the individual’s need to look and feel their best. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

44. SPEECH CONTEXTS refers to the environment in which communication occurs ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

45. Intrapersonal Communication refers to communication within the self. This involves reflective thinking and monitoring one’s own feelings. Interpersonal Communication this is communication between two people or among a small group of people. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

46. Interpersonal Communication Dyadic communication involves impersonal (e.g., giving directions to a lost stranger or negotiating prices with vendors. Personal interaction (e.g., sharing experiences to a close friend or talking to a loved one. Personal relationship is an important element of dyadic communication. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

47. Small group communication focuses on the common objective and goal of the leader and his or her members, and conflict resolution. Is more intentional or goal-oriented. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

48. Public Communication also known as public speaking, this refers to communication in which an individual communicates a message to a large audience, usually to inform or persuade. Public communication, being a face-to-face interaction, is also transactional, such that the speaker does not merely send information to a passive audience but involves an exchange of information through verbal or nonverbal means. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

49. Mass Communication use of broadcast or print media such as the television, radio, newspapers, books, and the internet, to reach a larger audience. Mass communication is generally linear instead of transactional. Generally lacks immediate feedback; however, with the advent of social media, communication may be more interactive. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

50. Organizational Communication – this refers to communication within organizations. This deals with interactions and personal relationships between superiors and subordinates and among employees in the professional setting. Organizational communication is governed by rules, policies, and procedures to ensure the productivity of its members. Intercultural Communication occurs in interactions among people of different cultures. Cultural differences are also present among people who live in the same community and speak the same language. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?

51. To be able to function effectively in a multicultural society, one must have awareness of his or her own cultural identity, respect cultural differences, and develop sensitivity and flexibility in adjusting to various cultures. ORAL COMMUNICATION Lesson 4 : What are the Functions and Contexts of Communication ?