Peace-Conflict-and-National-Adaptation-Plan-NAP-Processes-.pdf

This presentation focuses on how governments operating in peacebuilding contexts can design and implement their NAP process in a way that responds to peace and conflict dynamics.

1. Peace, Conflict and
National Adaptation
Plan (NAP) Processes
BRIEFING
April 23, 2024

2. Speakers
Gerty Pierre, Director of Climate Change,
Ministry of Environment, Haiti
Arthur Becker, Project Officer, Environmental
Protection Agency, Liberia
Rohini Kohli, Lead Technical Specialist, NAPs,
Nature, Climate and Energy team at UNDP
Alec Crawford, Director of Nature for
Resilience, IISD/NAP Global Network

3. About the NAP Global Network
What we do:
Our goal: Enhance national adaptation planning and action in developing countries
Current funders: Canada, Germany, Ireland, United States, Green Climate Fund
Support national-level
action on NAP
development &
implementation.
Help countries learn
from each other
through South-South
peer learning and
exchange.
developing countries
(24 LDCs) have received
direct technical support.
65 Over people from 71
countries (27 LDCs) have
participated in peer learning
and exchanges.
600
Generate, synthesize, &
share knowledge on
NAP processes.
Over knowledge
materials have been produced.300

4. New Guidance on Peace, Conflict and the National
Adaptation Plan (NAP) Process
•Context: Draws from IISD’s Resilience 15+ years
expertise working on the climate/conflict nexus
•Launch: US Center at COP28, “Advancing Resilience
and Peacebuilding in a Changing Climate“
•Why now? Growing attention to adaptation in
fragile and/or conflict-affected states; most focus on
finance but growing attention on action
•Aim of the guidance: To support NAP teams in
conflict-affected contexts to advance their NAP
processes in a way that understands and responds to
potential and existing peace and conflict dynamics,
and to align NAPs and peacebuilding objectives.

5. Communities and states affected by fragility,
conflict, and instability are acutely vulnerable to
the impacts of climate change.
Can be difficult to prioritize adaptation action,
but not doing so can present additional risks
Conflict and climate risks often share the same
drivers and can be mutually reinforcing
Adaptation can help break a vicious cycle
Climate Adaptation in Conflict-
affected States

6. Climate Vulnerability and Fragility
Source: Fund for Peace, 2023; ND-GAIN, 2021.

7. Conflict and peacebuilding
in multi-sector NAPs
submitted to the UNFCCC
as of Jan 31, 2024
KEY FINDINGS

8. “By increasing poverty, displacement,
immobility and eroding social networks,
conflicts contribute to the vulnerability
of marginalized populations. Moreover,
climate change could be a contributing
factor to future conflicts, especially with
regard to the scarcity of productive land
and the lack of water.”

9. The impacts of climate change, if
unaddressed, “could undo the hard-fought
gains our country has achieved in terms of
building peace and unity”

10. A central objective of the livestock sector
adaptation plan includes “promoting lasting
social peace by reducing tensions relating to
pastoral conflict.”

11. “This NAP incorporates perspectives and
insights concerning reducing the risks of
climate change-driven social unrest and
insecurity, and one of the key guiding
principles of this NAP is integrating
climate change adaptation
considerations into the nation-building
and recovery process.”

12. “A healthy and resilient agriculture
sector is critical for long-term peace and
development. Therefore, incorporating
climate change considerations into
agriculture sector planning and
investment indirectly contributes to
peace and reconciliation in South
Sudan.”

13. Focus on medium and long-
term time horizons
Shared drivers of risk and
vulnerability
Participative, country-owned
and driven processes.
Centrality of strengthened
governance
Peacebuilding
and the
NAP Process

14. Source: NAP GN (2023).
Guidance looks at:
1.Six enabling factors
2.Entry points throughout the
NAP process
…with practical examples
where possible.
The NAP process, peace and conflict

15. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding
Capacity development
•Capacity around peacebuilding
•Capacity on adaptation
Leadership
•Mandate
•Resources
•Prioritization
Data, knowledge & communications
•Addressing gaps in current and future climate
and its impacts
Institutional arrangements
•Rebuilding connections
•Coordination with peacebuilding
Stakeholder engagement
•Different types of stakeholders
•Different approach to engagement
Financing
•More funding to fragile
contexts

17. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding
Capacity development
•Capacity around peacebuilding
•Capacity on adaptation
Leadership
•Mandate
•Resources
•Prioritization
Data, knowledge & communications
•Addressing gaps in current and future climate
and its impacts
Institutional arrangements
•Rebuilding connections
•Coordination with peacebuilding
Stakeholder engagement
•Different types of stakeholders
•Different approach to engagement
Financing
•More funding to fragile
contexts

18. According to UNDP and
the Climate Security
Mechanism, of the
US$14b in international
climate financing
delivered from 2014-
2021:
International Climate Financing, 2014-2021
Non-fragile states:
$161.70/person
Fragile states:
$10.80/person
Extremely fragile states:
$2.10/person

19. Enabling factors for aligning NAPs and peacebuilding
Capacity development
•Capacity around peacebuilding
•Capacity on adaptation
Leadership
•Mandate
•Resources
•Prioritization
Data, knowledge & communications
•Addressing gaps in current and future climate
and its impacts
Institutional arrangements
•Rebuilding connections
•Coordination with peacebuilding
Stakeholder engagement
•Different types of stakeholders
•Different approach to engagement
Financing
•More funding to fragile
contexts

20. CLIMATE ACTIONS
CLIMATE SECURITY
HAITI
NAP-EXPO
Mrs. Gerty Pierre
CC Director
MoE Haiti

21. Haiti Climate security report
Country profile - Vulnerability
•Haiti is a low-income country (LIC), a least-developed country
(LDC) and It is one of 8 small island developing states (SIDS)
ranking 163 (out of 190) in the 2022 Human Development Index.
•Floods:The greatest threat to Haiti.Haiti has experienced 65 major
flood events between 1959 and 2022. / Hurricanes:Haiti has
experienced over 36 hurricanes and storms since 1954. /
Earthquakes:The 2010 Haiti earthquake killed between 100,000
and 316,000 people. / Other natural hazards:Cyclones, droughts, and
landslides.
•Political instability, corruption, violence, insecurity and extreme
vulnerability to natural disasters stand in the way of economic and
social development.
•Development in Haiti is guided by the Strategies Plan
Développement d’Haïti (PSDH), adopted in 2012, while Haiti
adopted in 2015 the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and
its 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

22. Climate security-Haiti
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS
•Haiti is in the middle of a deep crisis:•Food insecurity is at an unprecedented level: a record 4.9
million people are currently facing acute hunger.•Humanitarian aid is needed by more than 42 percent of the
Haitian population.•Armed gangs control most of the Haitian capital, and
increasingly other urban centers, using violent tactics, including
rape and sexual and gender-based violence.•The Haitian economy has been contracting for four consecutive
years and inflation is the highest in a decade, leading to a huge
increase in the cost of living.•The assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in 2021 plunged
the country into political chaos.
Across Haiti, climate change and environmental pressures have contributed to violence and insecurity in multiple ways, and this is expected to continue or further increase as the impacts of climate change worsen. five interrelated climate security pathways that affect food systems, livelihoods, and community relations and social cohesion in Haiti, compounding insecurity and violence:
1.Disasters caused by natural shocks induced by climate
change exacerbate pre-existing governance problems.2.The effects of climate change and environmental
degradation are driving people to adopt harmful
adaptation practices and amplifying competition for
natural resources.3.Climate change and environmental degradation are
causing an increasing number of people to leave their
communities and families, weakening coping mechanisms
based on social cohesion and mutual aid.4.Climate and environmental pressures threaten livelihoods
and protection systems, especially for youth and children,
exposing them to violence, exploitation and abuse.5.Institutional fragility and widespread violence hinder the
implementation of effective climate change adaptation and
undermine the country's access to climate-critical
financing opportunities.

23. Recent Efforts in Adaptation and climate actions
•National and international actors have undertaken several
attempts to begin to address climate and environmental
security risks.
•However, some of them have sparked additional grievances
in certain segments of Haitian society.
•Sometimes this results in open and violent resistance against
the state and international actors.
•That said, many Haitians are finding ways to adapt
themselves and organizing around the need to find solutions
that work for them, tackling the worst excesses of climate
change impacts.
Answers to climate security challenges “How can we convince people to protect
and restore natural environments when their main concern is finding enough
food to survive, or rebuilding their homes after yet another disaster? People
have bigger problems than thinking about nature.” Interview with a Haitian
environmentalist.

24. Answers to climate security challenges
ØHaitian institutional and policy responses:
•The Haitian government has published important climate change adaptation strategies in various sectors, but their implementation is
often delayed due to budgetary constraints or limited human resources.
•The links between climate and security remain unclear in government responses. Environmental management is rarely a priority for
local Haitians due to competing priorities or simply trying to survive, making environmental conservation, restoration, awareness and
enforcement difficult.
ØInternational responses
•Humanitarian aid generally does not integrate climate and environmental challenges and is even less linked to the construction of
long-term peace and security.
•However, there is growing awareness of the need to do so, and some UN agencies and international NGOs are working to add an
explicit perspective on climate and peacebuilding to their work.
•Climate finance is reaching Haiti, but the amounts are far from sufficient. There is a particular gap in funding to help people adapt.

25. Answers to climate security challenges
Presentation Title25
ØLocal Responses:
•First responders after a disaster are typically neighbors, family, friends, congregants, and grassroots organizations, often focused on finding methods
of adaptation and recovery.
•Haitian community and civil society organizations work to restore and protect the natural environment, notably through reforestation and
conservation projects, but rarely establish clear links between climate and peacebuilding.

26. THANK YOU
Climate Security
Mrs. Gerty Pierre
CC Director
MoE of Haiti
26

27. Speakers
Arthur Becker, Project Officer, Environmental
Protection Agency, Liberia

28. Speakers
Rohini Kohli, Lead Technical Specialist, NAPs,
Nature, Climate and Energy team at UNDP

29. The spectrum of
conflict-sensitive
adaptation
interventions
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN [FAO], 2020; Interpeace, 2021;
UNICEF, 2016a

30. Conflict-sensitive NAPs
National Adaptation Plan processes that integrate
conflict and peacebuilding considerations into their
design, implementation and MEL to ensure that
adaptation programming does not exacerbate
conflict dynamics, but rather that it actively
enhances and promotes peacebuilding.

31. Entry-points for integrating conflict sensitivity

32. Entry-points for integrating conflict sensitivity

33. What kinds of support do governments
need for effective NAPs in conflict-
affected contexts?
From your experience, what is working
in these contexts? What are the key
challenges?
NAPs and Peace:
Q&A and
Moderated
discussion

34. Thank you!
Email:
[email protected]
Website:
www.napglobalnetwork.org
@NAP_NetworkNAP Global Network