Periodontal probes

probes

1. PERIODONTAL PROBES DR RAMYA GANESH SENIOR LECTURER MALABAR DENTAL COLLEGE RESEARCH CENTRE

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION PARTS OF A PROBE HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS USES PRINCIPLES CLASSIFICATION TRANSGINGIVAL PROBING PERI IMPLANT PROBING NICDR CRITERIA RECENT ADVANCES CONCLUSION REFERENCES CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION

4. PROBE Is a slender instrument with a blunt end suitable for use in exploring a channel , wound , sinus or pocket - American academy of periodontology DEFINITION PROBO in latin means ‘to test’

5. HISTORY

6. PARTS OF PROBE

7. CHARACTERISTICS

8. USES

9. PROBNG POSITIONS

10. GRASP

11. TECHNIQUE

12. CLASSIFICATION B.L.PHILSTROM[1992] WATTS[2000]

13. FIRST GENERATION PROBES

14. WILLIAM’S PROBE Introduced by Charles.H.M.Williams in 1936. Stainless steel probe with length 10mm with a blunt tip end Angle between probe tip and handle is 130 degree

15. CPITN PROBE Designed by George.S.Beagrie and Jukka Ainamo in 1978. WHO…….CPITN-E / CPITN-C

16. GOLDMAN- FOX PROBE Have similar markings as William’s probe but has a flat tip.

17. MICHIGAN ‘O’ PROBE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ‘O’ PROBE

18. MERRITT B PROBE Round tip with single bend in shank.

19. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PROBE 15 mm probe with markings in each mm. Color coding in 5 th , 10 th ,15 th mm.

20. NABER’S PROBE Used for detecting and measuring horizontal periodontal furcation involvement in a multirooted teeth.

21. MARQUIS COLOR CODED PROBE Has markings in 3-3-3-3/3-3-2-3/2-2-2-2 mm intervals. Very thin tip

22. Advantages Disadvantages This are easily available and inexpensive Probing force cannot be measured Easily navigated by operator Heavy in weight Tactile sensation is preserved Assistant is required for recording the readings Color coding -reading Inter-examiner variation is high

23. SECOND GENERATION PROBES

24. GABATHULLER AND HASSELL ARMITAGE AND VANdER VALDEN

25. TROMP ET AL In 1979 introduced a pressure sensitive probe in which a torque spring was attached to a loose probe head that could rotate in a point bearing. By doing this they achieved a constant force application of 15 gms which is independent of operator. VIVEK ET AL Designed a leaf spring force controlled periodontal probe. Force of 0.5 gms with a tip diameter of 0.35 +_ 0.05mm.

26. VINE VALLEY PROBE

27. TRUE SENSITIVE PROBE Introduced in 1994 by Frank Hunter. DESIGN-has a disposable probing head and a hemispheric probe tip with a diameter of 0.5mm. WORKING-rim surrounding side of ball tip helps in detection of CEJ,calculus and root surface irregularities.Controlled probing force is provided using a parallelogram.

28. Advantages Disadvantages Less inter-examiner variation Assistant is required to record the readings Comfortable to the patient Limitations Errors in constant pressure application Errors in reading Errors in calculation of attachment loss

29. THIRD GENERATION PROBES

30. FLORIDA PROBE Developed by Gibbs et al in 1986.

31. DESIGN

32. FOSTER-MILLER PROBE [ALABAMA] Measuring the pocket depth along with detection of CEJ. Components of probe -pneumatic cylinder -linear variable differential transducer -force transducer -accelerator -probe tip

33. Detection of CEJ is done by running probe on root surface at a controlled speed and preset pressure. When probe reaches CEJ there is abrupt change acceleration which is indicated by graph

34. TORONTO AUTOMATED PROBE -By Mc Culloch and Birek in 1991

35. INTERPROBE Was introduced by Goodson and Kondon in year 1988. Also known as PERIO PROBE Fibre optic technology Parameters Bleeding Loss of ttachment Furcation involvement Suppuration Mobility

36. -probe tip -optical transducer element -control unit -memory cards -foot switch Working Fiber bundle transmits light to the transducer and reflected light to signal processor……probing depth is computed by comparison of reflected light with reference ……0.4N

37. FOURTH GENERATION PROBE

38. Advantages LIMITATIONS -Allow 3 dimensional measurement of pocket - Under development

39. FIFTH GENERATION PROBES

40. ULTRASONOGRAPHIC PERIODONTAL PROBES Introduction

41. PRINCIPLE

42. WORKING Beam is scattered reflected absorbed Reflected portion is absorbed by machine Reconstruction of image Transducer in probe will record echoes…..computer analyses the data

43. COMPONENTS -Transducer -contra angled handpiece -computer -hollow conical tip -water pressure control -foot pedal

44. Advantages Disadvantages -Non invasive -Technique sensitive -Accurate measurement of pocket depth -Expensive -Provides information on condition of gingival tissues -Special training required for interpreting the image -Computerized storage of data -Printouts can be obtained

45. TRANS-GINGIVAL PROBING Transgingival probing , a procedure carried out under local anesthesia is used to confirm the extent and configuration of the intrabony component of the pocket or of the furcation defects and thickness of gingiva.

46. RECENT ADVANCES Color vue probe Have yellow tip with black markings to provide superior contrast to intraoral structures for enhanced visibility.

47. PERI-IMPLANT PROBING

48. Diamond probe

49. DetecTar Probe Detects subgingival calculus by means of audio readings [beep].

50. PERIO TEMP PROBE Detects early inflammatory changes in gingival tissues by measuring temperature variation. Detects pocket temperature of 0.1 degree Celsius from a referenced subgingival temperature.

51. RECENT STUDIES

52. CONCLUSION

53. REFERENCES Periodontal probes –a review article by k.venkata Srikanth et al 2012. Periodontal instruments [periobasics.com] Fundamentals of Periodontal Instrumentation by Nield Gehrig Jill. Carranza’a clinical periodontology , vol 2 edition 11 ,chapter scaling and root planning, page numbers-492-493 Probing in to probes measuring the choices-a review article by Heidi emmerling and elen standley in 2010. Periodontal probing systems a review of available equipment-a review article by Srinivas et al in 2011. A textbook of periodontology by Enrico G Bartlucci ,second volume A color atlas of Periodontology by J.M Waite,JD Strahan Contemporary periodontics by D Walter Cohen.