Persian Civilization 2.pptx

group presentation of students of sociology discipline 16 batch on History of Human Civilization course

1. Welcome to Our presentation 01

2. Course Title: History of Human Civilization Course No . : Soc 1105 Term : 1 st Year : 1 st Session : 2015-16 ID NAME 161604 Lubaba Khan 161635 Mahfuza Mim 161645 Habiba Rahman 161653 MD. Shaharia Khair Group Members Presentation Submission Date : 06.03.2016 02

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4. Contents: 04 1) Introduction 05 2) Time Line 06 3) Geography of PERSIA 07 4 ) The Persian Empire 08 5 ) Persian Culture 10 6 ) Persian Art 11 7 ) Persian Food 12 8) Persian Religion 13 9) Persian Language And Writing 14 10) Persian Literature And Learning 15 11) Persian Music 16 12) Persian Architecture 17 13) Persian War 19 15) Ending of Persian civilization 21 16)Conclusion 22 17) Bibliography 23

5. Duration of Persian civilization was (550-424) BC. Persia emerged and developed into a great country. they were successful in every aspect of their civilization includes religion, technology, ruling, government and how well they adapted to their geographical surroundings. Persia did a great amount of conquering other civilizations and they had a strategic government system that was very effective. Introduction 05

6. Time Line 650 BC. Zoroastrianism begins. This religion was founded by Zoroaster. It was a dualistic religion. 554 BC. Cyrus Conquers all of Persia and Media 559 BC. Cyrus is the chief of the Persian tribe. 530 BC. Cyrus’s reign comes to and end 522-486 BC. Darius is in charge of the empire, making many improvements organization wise. 330 BC. Alexander The Great enters Babylon 530-522 BC. Cambyses, son of Cyrus, rules with violence 486-465 BC. Xerxes I, son of Darius I, is in control, making the mistake of attempting to conquer Greece 465-424 BC. Artaxerxes I is the king 423-405 BC. Darius II takes the throne 405-359 BC. Artaxerxes II reigns 336-330 BC. The reign of Darius III 358-338 BC. The reign of Artaxerxes III 06

7. WATER MASSIS Touching upon the Arabian sea, the Aral sea, the black sea, the Caspian sea, the Mediterranean sea, the Persian gulf and the red sea. RIVERS Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, surrounded by the Arabian desert, Caucasus mountains. GEOGRAPHY OF PERSIA CLIMATE Middle eastern climate is generally hot and dry ,with the exception of the fertile crescent river-valley with fairly mild winters lesser in the more mountains terrain. 07

8. KING CYRUS The empire created by Cyrus . Under his rule the Persian empire expanded from the Indus river Anatolia. Cyrus passed away trying to protect his empire by fighting invaders. He left the thrown to his son Cambyses. KING CAMBYSES Cambyses was one of the greatest political organizations of antiquity. Expended the empire by gaining control of Egypt. But he treated the Egyptian religion very poorly. An example of his horrid treatment is he had burned pictures of Egyptian Gods. After dying he left the thrown to his heir Darius. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE KING CYRUS KING CAMBYSES 08

9. KING DARIUS Darius the great under his reign the Persian Empire reached the pinnacle of its power and the fullest extent of its size . A group of well trained solders helped him achieve power in 521 BC . He was the first Persian emperor to use coins in trade. THE PERSIAN EMPIRE cont.… KING DARIUS 09

10. PERSIAN CULTURE The Persians very gradually converted to Islam from the mid 7 th century and later adopted the Arabic alphabet . The artistic, architectural, literary, rugs and other strands of Persian culture flowered again and again 10 despite periodic waves of invaders and internal rivalries. Persian culture has spread throughout the world.

11. PERSIAN ART PAINTING Persia has offered a particularly unique art to the world which is excellent in its kind. POTTERY The taste and the talent of the Persian people can be seen through the designs of their earthen wares. RUGS Persian rug has a wide variety designs and styles. Materials used in carpets, including wool and cotton ,decay. CALLIGRAPHY It is considered to be one of the most eye catching and fascinating manifestations of Persian culture. GHALAM-ZANI Ghalam-zani is known as metalwork of Persia. Ghalam-zani is made by hammering gold or silver(or other materials) PAINTING POTTERY CALLIGRAPHY RUGS KHATAM–KARI 11

12. PERSIAN FOOD The Persian CUISINE is ancient, diverse as well as cosmopolitan. CUISINE has borrowed spices, styles and recipes from India and has conversely also influenced Indian food. There are many dishes that are shared by both Iranians and Turks. WINE was considered as an important ceremonial and religious drink. 12

13. PERSIAN RELIGION Zarathustra was a Persian prophet . Zoroastrianism became the official of the Persian empire . It survives there in isolated areas but more prosperously in India. In India the religion is called Parsiism . Zoroastrianism contains both monotheistic and dualistic features . Its concepts of one god, judgment, heaven and hell likely influenced the major western religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Zarathustra 13

14. Ancient Persians had many languages and writing system; ELAMITE was the official language of the Persian empire from 600-400 BCE OLD PERSIAN was created by Darius from 522-486 BCE AKKADIAN 2500 BCE-1900 BCE ARAMAIC 1000 BCE-600 BCE Scripts writings were usually on clay tablets Writing was done by scribes ,high level people were illiterate .writing beneath them. PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND WRITING PERSIAN LANGUAGE 1 4

15. PERSIAN LITERATURE AND LEARNING Literature among the ancient Persians is almost an unknown quantity. only a few scraps of their epics have been found . While they exemplify a high religious fervor and moral enthusiasm ,they strike the modern reader as being cold and sober . Persian learning was largely a branch of the religion. The most important factor was man’s relationship with his God ,everything else being secondary or else completely neglected. 1 5

16. PERSIAN MUSIC The history of musical development in Persia dates back to more than 2500 years ago. Tracing Persian musical history is difficult as notation was not used with any significant regularity until the 1930s . Most of the information about the early nature of Persian music comes from the work of ; ARTIST: representation of paintings, poetry; HISTORIANS: Herodotus, Xenophon PHILOSOPHERS: Farabi(d. 950 ) ,Ebn Sina( 980-1037) , Razi(d. 1209 ), and others. 1 6

17. PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE PERSIAN DOMES Domes were an important part and constructed on the first large-scale in Persia . PALACE OF ARDASHIR In many ways the Sassanid dynastic period witnessed the highest achievement of Persian civilization. 1 7

18. PASARGAD COMPLEX The political capital of king Cyrus the great, might be considered a complete manifestation of Persian architecture. Pasargad is now largely in ruins , But one can see that now imposing it must have been many respects. PERSEPOLIS PERSEPOLIS was a sacred national shrine , potent sensing for the spring festival , now ruz. PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE cont… 1 8

19. PERSIAN FASION In Persia both men and women used make-up ,wore jewelry and colored their body parts. Their garments were both elaborate ,colorful and clothing styles were distinguished by class and status. PERSIAN JEWELRY Popular jewelry items included gold or silver bracelets ,necklaces and finger rings,decorated gems,pearls ,amber .

20. PERSIAN WAR BATTLE OF MARATHON In 490 BCE the Athenians met the vengeful at Marathon. The Athenians were vastly outnumbered but prevailed through superb strategy. The Persian army collapsed and fled. Without this victory the Athenians would have been destroyed and the Persian war would have ended before it could have begun . 19

21. PERSIAN WAR cont…. The Persian had replaced the Babylonians in 539 BCE as the mightiest power in western Asia. One result was that the Persians came to rule all of Asia minor ,including formerly independent Greek city-states on the western coast. After turning their attention to conquering Egypt. The Persians crossed over to Europe in 512 and occupied the northernmost Greek . 20

22. ENDING OF PERSIAN EMPIRE 21 After Xerxes I’s assassination, the Persian Empire began to fall. This was largely due to the fact that the defeat in Greece damaged the Persian spirit to rule. Alexander III, also known as Alexander The Great had emerge with immense power in Macedon . He ruled from 336 to 323 BC and had been commissioned by his father to fight Persia . At the time, Darius III did not see Alexander as a threat, and ordered he be brought to Susa . He defeated the Persian invaders who tried to seize him. He conquered the Persian Empire and started to claim himself as the ruler. The Macedonian ,Alexander the Great invaded and destroyed the Persian Empire.

23. One outstanding achievement of the Persians was that they succeeded in bringing the various civilization centers under one rule. They were a very successful society. Persian kings were very tolerant of other religions and cultures, which was something many ancient rulers did not accept . Ancient Persian kings designed some of the architecture. They also had the Royal Road, which greatly promoted trade . In addition, they practiced Zoroastrianism, which was the first monotheistic religion in ancient times and has heavily influenced later history . The different ways Ancient Persia enhanced their civilization is what made them very unique. Conclusion 22

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY “A Short History Of Human Civilization” – Swain, James Edgar; Prof. of History, Muhlenberg College. “The World Civilization” – Relph , Philip Lee learner, Robert E Wood, Alan T Hull, Richard W Burns, Edward McNally “Wikipedia The Encyclopedia” – History Of Iran: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iran

25. Thanks A Lot….. Do You Have Any Question ? 25