Pest_and_disease_of_Gerbera_plant. pptx

Gerbera is a cut flower , it is a herbaceous dwarf perennial plant , in this ppt is all about Gerbera plant , their disease and pest also about Gerbera plant, it's belong to family asteraceae , named in the honor of German botanist and medical doctor Traugott gerber

1. gerbera

2. Submitted to :- H.S. GAUR PROFESSOR Submitted by:- Name- Priya Priyadarshini System id – 2019004267 Sec - B Subject –plant clinic B.Sc. hons agriculture

3. Pests and diseases of gerbera and their management

4. Gerbera plant Scientific name - Gerbera jamesonii Family- Asteraceae Order –Asteraceae Season –late spring through autumn Temperature-21degrees c Chromosome no.- 2n-50 Native - South Africa Plant type-Herbaceous , perennial Soil type-Moist, well-drained Soil pH-neutral , acidic Plant size-10-18in.tall,9-12in.wide

5. Plant named after the German naturalist Traugott Gerber. The common name of gerbera plant are Transvaal daisies , Barberton daisies , African daisies. Gerbera plant have aesthetic , cosmetic and therapeutic applications. Gerbera is important 5 th most important commercial cut flower plant in the world. Its shelf life after harvest is 1-4 weeks. Its an amalgamation of myriad flowers. Its contains natural occurring coumarin derivatives. It’s a symbol of purity , innocence , joy , beauty and cheerfulness. Types of gerbera plant are- Winter queen :- Black central disk and crested double gerbera with white petals Terracotta: - Hint of peach surrounded by dark red disk and double type of gerbera with double yellow petals Giant sp inner :- Full crested double gerbera with 2 rows of outer and inner petals and the innear petals surrounded and cover central disk . Major producing states are - Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Gujarat .

6. Verities:- Tnau varieties : YCD-1, YCD-2 Red     : Ruby Red, Sangria Yellow    : Doni , Supernova, Mammut, Talasa Rose  : Rosalin, Salvadore Pink   : Pink Elegance, Marmara, Esmara Orange : Carrera, Goliath , Marasol Cream : Farida, Dalma , Snow Flake, Winter Queen                                                                                                     

7. Characteristics Gerbera have long-lasting 3 to 4 inch flowers that come in numerous shades ie . yellow, white, pink, red, orange, lavender, salmon, and bicolored but not in blue colour . The center floral disk can range from a yellowish to light-bronze to black in color. Each flower is attached to a leafless stem that raises about 6 inches above the plant’s foliage, which is a tall 12-inch wide clump of long, slightly “fuzzy” leaves. Its produces flowers from late spring through autumn in the garden, and their blooms make long-lasting cut flowers. Its grow 6 to 18 inches tall in a hight . Flower heads can be small as 7cm in diameter. Its attractive to the bees ,birds , butterfly but not towards the beer.

8. Field preparation and planting Bed height: 1.5 feet (45 cm) Bed width: 2 feet (60 cm) Between the beds: 1 foot (30 cm)

9. Disease of gerbera Powdery Mildew Root rot Blossom blight Leaf spot Alternaria Leaf Spot Grey mould

10. Powdery mildew Causal organism :- Erisiphe cichoracearum and oidium crysiphodesf Symptoms:- White spot appear on the upper and lower surface of the leaf, later this spot become enlarge to form white powder and these white powder spread other parts of plants Leaves colour turns into pale yellow or brown and later on plant will die. Fungus forms white powdery coating on the foliage. Management :- Proper spacing between the plants Good ventilation of the plant . Infected part should be removed and buried. Spray wettable sulphur @2g/lit or azoxystrobin @1g/l

11. Root rot  Casual organism:-   Rhizoctonia solani Symptoms:- S tunted growth of the plant. E ntire plant become dry.  Its causes more losses and it attack on older parts of plants Its affect the production of the flower.   Root appear black/brown in colour. Management:- Do Soil sterilization for controlling the diseases. Drenching with  Pseudomonas fluorescens  2g/litre of water Do not over water the plant. Prevent over water head.

12. Blossom blight Causal organism:- Phytophythora palmivoras Symptoms:- I t is a soil borne disease. Its appears as light brown, irregular, water soaked spots on flower stalks and petals. The spots increase rapidly and coalesce with one another and form distinct depressed lesions.  Under humid conditions infections become severe involving the entire flower head and resulting in blossom blight and stalk rot. The disease is favored by drizzling rains and cool moist weather.  The fungus is soil-borne and the infection starts from the base touching the soil. Management:- Use disease free soil for plantation. Affected parts of plant should be collected and destroyed.  Excessive watering should be avoided.

13. Grey mould Causal organism :-Botrytis cinerea Symptoms:- Its affect the young part of the plant Small black spots appear on the ray florets. Humid and wet condition favours these disease. Management :- Spray 0.1%captan. Make soil dry .

14. Alternaria Leaf Spot Casual organism:- Alternaria Symptoms:- Brown specks on the leaves and florets White colored leaf spots. Irrigular patches. Management :- Apply fungicides Do not wet the Gerbera leaves while watering Removes fallen leaf and its debris. Early watering in a day.

15. Crown rot Causal organism :- Phytophthora cryptogea Symptoms:- The crown of the plant turns black. crown rot is due to Phytophthora cryptogea Management:- Apply fungicides . Avoid over head watering. Fusarium stem rot Causal organism :- Fusarium solani Symptoms :- Petiole of leaves blacken at the base. Management:- Remove the infected parts of the plants .

16. Viruses diseases   Diseases Symptoms Managements Tobacco rattle Gerbera mosaic Cucumbermosaic Impatiens necrotic Leaves get mottled , yellow spotting , ring like spots , flower colour breaking Use viruses free or certified plant material , keep pests in controlled way , reduces foliage’s contact between the plants

17. Pests of gerbera Mites Leaf miner Whitefly Thrips

18. Whitefly Whitefly is a tiny ,whitish and sucking insect appear in cluster on the undersides of the leaves. They feed on the sap. Symptoms: - They causes yellowing of leaf Management:- Spray imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 2ml/l or Dimethoate 30 EC @2ml/l Use BHC sprays. Remove the infected leaves. Use yellow sticky traps for controlling whiteflies. Use insecticidal soap for controlling them. Use water spray.

19. Leaf miner Symptoms :- It’s a serious pest of gerbera. Larvae feed on the upper and lower leaf surface of the plant . Reduces the flower production Plant become stunt. Heavy infection reduces the plant growth. Puncture the leaves. Management:- Remove the infected part of the plant. Dimothoate at 0.1% gave good control. Use natural parasites like wasps for controlling the leaf minor population.

20. Mites:- Symptoms:- Mites like spider ,broad ,cyclamen ,which feed on gerbera plant. Its affected the growth of the leaves and the flower. Premature leaf drop. Yellowing of leaves. Dwarfed leaf and foilage . Management:- Spraying the plant with cold water and soap solution . For controlling the population of the mites use predators like ladybugs , lacewings. Adequate irrigation. Spray abamectin 1.9 EC @0.4ml/l or propargite @1ml/l

21. Thrips Tiny delicate insects with the fringed wings. Symptoms:- Its causes the distorted shape of the flower. It causes the papery leaves. It causes puncture and colour break leaves. Management:- Spray fipronil @2ml/l or Dimethoate 30 EC @2ml/l For controlling the thrips use natural predators like green lacewigs. Use insecticidal soap or pyrethrin. Removes weeds.

22. Aphids:- Symptoms:- Suck the sap from the leaves and make the leaves yellow Leaf curling. Destortion of leaf Yellowing of leaf Management:- Apply imidacloprid 17.8% SL@1ml/l or Dimethoate 30 EC@2ml/l Avoid using nitrogen fertilizer. Keep area free from weed Apply soap insecticides . Nematode :- For the management of root knot nematode apply pseudomonas fluorescens @2.5kg/haat the time of planting.

23. Mealybugs :- Symptoms :- Leaves becomes yellowing in colour and disorted in size later leaves drop down. I ts affect the stem, flower, leaves. Slowly plant will die. Management :- Apply insecticidal soap . Apply water on head , neem oil. Remove the infected part of the plants

24. Red Mites :- They suck the juice from the lower side of the leaves, which develops brown spots on the leaves’ lower surface , which leads to the drying of the leaves in the margins. Webbing on flower petals Cyclamen Mites :- It cause on old leaves are curled up &  Young leaves in deformed in shape. Flowers petal’s quality & size will decrease. Caterpillar:- It creates a spherical hole in the abdominal stomach by eating. In the case of floral attacks, it causes white spots on petals.

25. Physiological disorder Bent neck Symptoms/causes :- Due to ca deficienc e and loss of cell turgidity Management :- Spray calcium nitrate @0.2% Double faced flower Symptoms/causes :- Due to imbalance of nutrients and fertilizer Management :- When flower buds are small apply balance amount of fertilizer Short stem length Symptoms/causes :- Due to moisture stress and low soil temperatures Management :- Maintaing soil moistures status. Stem break Symptoms/causes :- Due to water imbalance/water stress Management :- Use proper balance irrigation and keep plant free from stress

26. References https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2020/06/03/13/24/gerbera-5254913_960_720.jpg https://www.getatoz.com/content/gerberas-flower-meaning-varieties-facts/1787 http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/2011/daisy/ https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/crop_protection/crop_prot_crop%20diseases_flowers_gerbera.html https://www.slideshare.net/asankasampath3/pests-of-gerbera https://www.getatoz.com/content/gerberas-flower-meaning-varieties-facts/1787 https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/crop-production/package-of-practices/flowers/gerbera https://extension.psu.edu/gerbera-diseases