Philippine History Legal Bases of Education

All about Philippine history. Good for students reviewing for board exams etc.

1. LET REVIEW 2022
Goodluck Future LPT’s

2. Quiz

3. •He is the youngest president of the
Philippines.
•a. Emilio Aguinaldo
•b. Rodrigo Duterte
•c. Manuel L. Quezon
•D. Diosdado Macapagal
•Answer: A

4. •Known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao“
•a. Emilio Aguinaldo
•b. Rodrigo Duterte
•c. Manuel L. Quezon
•D. Diosdado Macapagal
•Answer: D

5. •Represents the maximum extent of Chinese
historical claims within the South China Sea.
•a. seven-dash line
•b. eight-dash line
•c. nine-dash line
•d. ten-dash line
•Answer: C

6. •Which is NOT a river valley of civilization
•A. Mesopotamia
•B. Persia
•C. Huang He
•D. Indus
•Answer: B

7. •What is the active fault line in Calamba?
•a. North Valley Fault
•b. South Valley Fault
•c. West Valley Fault
•d. East Valley Fault
•Answer: C

8. •He hailed as “Man of the Masses”
•a. Emilio Aguinaldo
•b. Ramon Magsaysay
•c. Manuel L. Quezon
•D. Diosdado Macapagal
•Answer: B

9. •When was Philippine martial law declared?
•a. September 21, 1972
•b. September 22, 1972
•c. September 21, 1973
•d. September 22, 1973
•Answer: A

10. •The State shall establish, maintain and support a
complete, adequate, and integrated system of
education relevant to the needs of the people, the
country and society-at-large. (Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013)
•a. Republic Act 10533
•b. Republic Act 9710
•c. Republic Act 10355
•d. Republic Act 1079
•Answer: A

11. •The revolutionary government established by
Emilio Aguinaldo in July 1887 which was
patterned after the Cuban constitution
•A. Biak-na-Bato Republic
•B. First Republic
•C. Katipunan
•D. Malolos Constitution
•Answer: A

12. •What was the first order of priest that resided and
spread Catholicism the Philippines?
•A. Augustinian
•B. Franciscans
•C. Jesuits
•D. Recollects
•Answer: A

13. •The fiery leader who led the Sakdalista uprising
during the Quezon Administration
•A. Benigno Ramos
•B. Gregorio Aglipay
•C. Jacinto Manahan
•D. Valentin Delos Santos
•Answer: A

14. •The state recognizes that the responsibility of
cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily
area-based. The principle that polluters must pay
is contained in
•A. R.A. 6657
•B. R.A. 8749
•C. R.A. 6754
•D. R.A. 837
•Answer: B (Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)

15. •International Human Rights Day is observed
every
•A. September 6
•B. October 5
•C. December 2
•D. December 10
•Answer: A

16. •Which is NOT a river valley of civilization?
•A. Mesopotamia
•B. Persia
•C. Huang He
•D. Indus
•Answer: B

17. •Who wanted the mixture of Eastern and Western
culture?
•A. Julius Ceasar
•B. King Phillip II
•C. Alexander the Great
•D. Queen Elizabeth
•Answer: C

18. •Which among the following was not among the
first eight (8) provinces that revolted against
Spain?
•A. Laguna
•B. Bulacan
•C. Quezon
•D. Batangas
•Answer: C

19. •The rules and decisions of administrative
agencies are known as:
•A. Supreme Court
•B. Agency Opinions
•C. Administrative Laws
•D. Court Decisions
•Answer: A

20. TIPS ON HOW TO PASS THE EXAMS
1.TIME TO BEFRIEND NOTES AND JOURNALS!
2.SET A SCHEDULE
3.GET TO KNOW THE SCOPE AND CONTENT OF
THE TEST
4.REVIEW YOUR WEAKEST SUBJECT BACK IN
COLLEGE
5.PRACTICE SHADING
6.PRACTICE ANSWERING SITUATIONAL
QUESTIONS

21. 7.STAY HEALTHY AND THINK POSITIVELY!
8.HAVE TIME TO UNWIND
9.DO NOT OVERTHINK
10.SEEK THE ADVICE OF PROFESSIONAL
TEACHERS YOU KNOW
11.ANSWER RANDOM TEST QUESTIONNAIRES
12.GET EVERYTHING READY
13.PRAY

22. Mga Pamahiin kapag Board Exam:
•* Mag-suot ng PULANG PANTY or BRIEF. Kung hindi
kaya, magdala ng something na Pula. (Red is
associated sometimes with Good Luck.)
•* Ipatasa sa TopNotcher ‘yung gagamitin mong lapis
para makapasa ka or mag-top. (Pero ‘yung kakilala
kong Topnotcher, ayun haggard-na-haggard kasi ang
daming nagpatasa sa kanya.)
•* Surebol raw na papsa kapag hiniram mo ‘yung lapis
na ginamit ng nag-top. (Sana pati utak nung
Topnotcher nahihiram din parang pwede na rin i-
ShareIt.)

23. •* Bago gamitin ang lapis at mga dadalhin na
materials sa Board Exam, ipa-bless muna kay St.
Jude Thaddeus. Marami yatang St. Jude pero si
St. Jude Thaddeus ang nilalapitan ng mga Board
Takers. (Proven and Tested. Basta lang naging
mabait ka and masipag ka during review days.)
•* Mag-alay ng mga itlog kay St. Claire sa
Katipunan raw ito. (Hindi ko lang alam kung ilang
piraso ng itlog ang kailangan i-alay pero kung ako
ang masusunod, isang tray ng itlog ang i-aalay
ko.)

24. •*NEW: Tapikin ang Blackboard, in English: “TAP
THE BOARD” katunog ng “TOP THE BOARD” so
dapat before anything else na gagawin ninyo sa
loob ng Testing Room, Tap the Board to Top the
Board.
•* Kapag tapos nang mag-take, tadyakan ang
inupuan. (Mas matinding tadyak mas masaya.)
•* ‘Wag lilingon sa Testing Room or sa Testing
Center, para hindi na umulit at bumalik muli.
*Insert Meme: Uulit-ulitin ko pa ba?*

25. •* Mag-lagay ng barya sa loob ng sapatos. Dapat ang plantar
surface ng Pedis mo, in-contact sa Heads ng barya. Mas
malaking halaga ng barya, mas mataas raw ang chance na
pumasa. (Ginawa ko to! 5 Pesos nilagay ko para wala na
finish na!)
•* ‘Wag magpagupit ng buhok kapag malapit na ang board
exam. (Seriously, I did this. Some believe that our hair is an
extension of nervous system at nasa buhok raw nakasama
‘yung mga nireview mo so wala namang mawawala kung
susubukan.)
•* Kapag papasok sa Testing Center at sa Testing Room,
kailangan i-apak raw ang KANANG PAA. (Kasi raw you want
to do things RIGHT.)

26. •* Kapag lalabas naman ng Testing Center or Testing Room,
unang i-apak ang KALIWANG PAA. (So that you will LEFT all
masalimuot na memories habang nagtetake ne exam. Doon
mo maiiwan lahat-lahat.)
•* Magsindi ng PULANG KANDILA para sa RELASYONG
FINISH NA. (De charot, kailangan pula na kandila hindi Pink.)
•* Isa pang pamahiin pero parang hindi: Matulog ng 8hrs.
(Para hindi ka natetense kinabukasan. Para pogi/ganda ka
kapag pumunta ka ng testing center all eyes on you ang peg
dapat.)

27. •* ‘Wag uminom ng mainit na kape or mga inuming maiinit.
(Ang mga maiinit na mga inumin ay nagpapabilis ng motility
sa Intestinal Tract. Matatae ka for sure. Drink ICE COLD
WATER, yung nagyeyelo na tubig. Pramis effective!)
•* Halikan ang answer sheet bago ipasa sa proctor. (Bawal
momol. Bawal yung bumabahang laway. Kiss or smack for
good luck.)
•* Eto hindi pamahiin. Magdasal kayo with your classmates sa
school or classmates mo sa review center. Gather around
have a prayer meeting, sabay-sabay kayong magpray. Doon
mo mararamdaman ang unity at presence ni God. Doon
mararamdaman mo ang iisang goal ng bawat takers: Ang
makapasa ng Board.

32. SOCIOLOGY AND
ANTHROPOLOGY

33. Concepts of Anthropology
•Definition of Anthropology
–Comes from the Greek words Anthropos, meaning human
and logy, the study of
–Study of humankind in all times and places
•Anthropology and its Fields
–Physical Anthropology (Biological Anthropology) – systematic
study of humans as biological organisms.
–Archaeology - study of human cultures through the recovery
and analysis of material remains and environmental data.
–Linguistic Anthropology - study of human languages
–Cultural Anthropology (Social or Sociocultural Anthropology) -
study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and
feelings.

34. Two Main Components of Cultural
Anthropology
•Ethnography - detailed description of
a particular culture based on fieldwork.
Fieldwork is a term anthropologists use
or on location research. Participant
observation is technique of learning
people's culture through social
participation and personal observation
within the community being studied
over an extended period of time

35. •Ethnology - analysis of
different cultures from a
comparative or historical point
of view

36. Definition of Culture
•Culture is personality writ large (Ruth
Benedict). It is a sort of group
personality that forms an overall
cultural orientation within which there
is considerable variation
•Anything shared by human beings
•Shared way of life

37. Components of Culture
•Norms – folkways, mores,
tecnicways, collective forms of
behavior
•Values – core value

38. Aspects of Culture
•Subculture - A subculture is a group of people
within a culture that differentiates itself from the
parent culture to which it belongs, often maintaining
some of its founding principles.
•Counterculture
•Culture Shock
•Xenocentrism
•Ethnocentrism

39. ASSESSMENT and
EVALUATION in
SOCIAL SCIENCE

40. •Assessment – is the way students demonstrate
understanding of concepts, mastery of skills, and
knowledge ability to utilize information.
•Measurement – refers to the process of collecting
quantitative data. This process usually consists of
assigning numbers (marks, scores, grades,
ratings) to a learner’s performance.
•Evaluation – is the specific process of describing
and making judgments about assessment.

41. Type of Grading Standard
•Criterion – Referenced Assessment
–Typically using a criterion – referenced test, as the
name implies, occurs when students are measured
against defined (and objective) criteria.
•Norm-referenced assessment
–refers to an assessment that ranks students on a
“bell curve” to determine the highest and lowest
performing students. This method is used to
understand how students' scores compare to a
predefined population with similar experience.

42. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
•Blooms Taxonomy
–Cognitive Domain – Knowledge
outcomes and intellectual abilities and
skills
–Affective Domain – Attitudes, interests,
appreciation, and modes of adjustment
–Psychomotor Domain – Perceptual and
motor skills

43. Cognitive Domains
•a. Knowledge. The student is able to recognize specific
information, such as the ability to recognize words,
definitions, numbers, and formulas.
•b. Comprehension. The student is able to understand
and interpret information through translating
knowledge-level information into his or her own words
and concepts.
•c. Application. The student is able to apply
comprehended information to solve a particular
problem.

44. •d. Analysis. The student is able to break down
and analyze each separate component in order
to derive a conclusion about the whole.
•e. Synthesis. The student is able to combine
disparate ideas to create a new understanding.
•f. Evaluation. The student is able to understand
a set of criteria and then use the criteria to
make judgments about an activity or idea.

45. ANDERSON AND KRATHWOHL
REVISION OF BLOOM'S TAXONOMY
•Anderson and Krathwohl (2001),
with a team of contributors,
recently published a major
revision of Bloom's Taxonomy.
This current revision is in
response to a number of changes
in psychology and education since
Bloom's original taxonomy.

46. Cognitive Process Dimension
•Knowledge Dimension - As part of their revision
to Bloom's Taxonomy, Anderson and Krathwohl
(2001) transformed the Knowledge level from
Bloom's Taxonomy into one separate dimension
of the matrix. This transformed Knowledge
Dimension has four categories:
•a. Factual Knowledge - This is knowledge of the
basic facts, terms, or details of an area of study or
of an academic discipline. These are two
subcategories in this aspect: knowledge of
terminology and knowledge of details and
elements.

47. •Conceptual Knowledge. This is the
knowledge of the ways that ideas or objects
can be classified, categorized, or developed
into principles, models, or theories.
Essentially, it is the knowledge of
relationships among objects or concepts.
• Conceptual knowledge includes three
•subcategories: classifications and
categories, principles and generalizations,
and theories, models and structures.

48. •c. Procedural Knowledge. This is the
knowledge of the process or procedure in
performing an activity. As noted by
Anderson & Krathwohl (2001), "Procedural
Knowledge is the knowledge of how to do
something". There are three subcategories
of procedural knowledge: subject-specific
skills: subject-specific techniques: and
knowledge of when to use appropriate
procedures.

49. •d. Metacognitive Knowledge. This is
knowledge about cognitive processes
and self-awareness about one's own
thinking processes.
•There are three subcategories of this
aspect: strategic knowledge, cognitive
task knowledge, and self-knowledge.

50. Cognitive Process Dimension
•The second dimension of the matrix is the
•Cognitive Process Dimension, which
consists of six separate cognitive
processes. These processes are remember,
understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and
create. A number of changes from Bloom's
Taxonomy also occurred with this dimension
of the matrix. Each cognitive process is
presented as a verb in order to facilitate the
writing of objectives and assessments
(Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001).

51. •Remember. This cognitive process involves
retrieving relevant knowledge from long-term
memory. There are two categories: recognizing
and recalling.
•Understand. This process includes the ability to
derive meaning from varying types of instructional
activities. There are seven categories:
interpreting, exemplifying, classifying,
summarizing, inferring, comparing, and
explaining.

52. •Apply. This is the cognitive process involved in
using a procedure to perform a task. This
category is divided into executing and
implementing.
•Analyze. This process includes breaking down a
problem or structure into separate components
and deriving a conclusion about how the parts fit
together or reaching a conclusion about the total
structure. The three subcategories are
differentiating, organizing, & attributing.

53. •Evaluate. This process requires
the student to make judgments
from a standard set of criteria.
There are two subcategories:
checking and critiquing.

54. •Create. This process includes developing a
unique product or idea, as well as making a
new synthesis of existing information. As
noted by Anderson and Krathwohl (2001),
"Educators must define what is original or
unique It is important to note, however, that
many objectives in the Create category do
not rely on originality or uniqueness"
•The three subcategories are generating,
planning, & producing.

55. COMPARATIVE
POLITICS AND LAW
RELATED STUDIES

56. COMPARATIVE FORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
•Democracy - comes from the Latin terms 'demos'
and 'kratos". It is a form of government wherein
the power or sovereignty is exercised and or
resides in the people. It may be classified as pure
or representative democracy.
•Aristocracy - a form of government wherein the
power is exercised by a limited few or the So
called elite. It is always regarded as the privileged
class.

57. •Monarchy - a form of government wherein the
power or sovereignty is exercised by one person
only, usually a king or a queen. It could either be
absolute or limited monarchy.
•Parliamentary - a form of government wherein
the President serves as nominal or titular head. It
is the Prime Minister that runs the affairs of the
State. He is directly accountable to the people.
Under this system the ministry is legally
responsible to legislature and consequently to the
electorate.

58. •Presidential - a form of government
wherein the President is the chief executive
of the state and independent of the
legislature with respect to his tenure, acts,
and policies.
•Federal - a form of government where the
power of the state is divided into two
namely, national for national affairs and
local for local affairs. Each organ is
independent in its own sphere.

59. •Military - a form of government established and
controlled by military authorities over a
beleaguered state.
•Revolutionary - a form of government wherein
the state is obtained by means of force.
•De Jure - a form of government that is founded
on existing legal or constitutional basis

60. •De Facto - a form of government
that is not founded on
constitutional law. It exists in fact
but not in law.
•Civil - a form of government that
is run by elected civilian officials

61. •In law and government, de jure
describes practices that are legally
recognized, regardless of whether
the practice exists in reality. In
contrast, de facto describes
situations that exist in reality, even
if not legally recognized

62. Relevant and Related Laws
•RA 6657, The Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Law of 1988 (10 June 1988)
•RA 6969, Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990
•RA7586, National Integrated Protected
Areas System Act of 1992 (NIPAS)
•RA 8550, The Philippine Fisheries Code of
1998

63. •A 6734, Providing for an Organic Act for the
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
•RA 8371, Indigenous Peoples Right Act of 1997
(29 October 1997)
•RA7942, Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (3 March
1995)
•RA7076, People's Small-scale Mining Act of 1991
(27 June 1991)
•RA 8749, The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

64. HISTORY OF THE
FILIPINO PEOPLE

65. History
The story of men and women through the ages,
their achievements as well as their failures
-It attempts to assess, interpret and give
recognition to the achievements of humanity
-It is constant controversy because historians view
events from different perspectives
-Historical interpretations vary because events are
considered in terms of their occurrence in time
and in place

66. Characteristics of History
Content- oriented
Process-oriented
Value-oriented
Elements of History
Place
Time
Man
Value of History
Best expressed in the saying “knowing the past makes
it easier to understand the present and less difficult to
visualize the future”

67. Filipinos during the PRE-COLONIAL
Period
•Early Filipino civilization
•Barangay as the socio-political unit with Datu as the
chieftain
•Datu as the executive, legislator and the judge
•Barangay – with 40-100 families
•Social classes: nobles; freemen; slaves – aliping
namamahay and aliping saguiguilid
•Trial by ordeal – justice system
•Early contacts with Chinese, Indians, and Malays
•Islam was brought by the Malays
PHILIPPINE HISTORY Pre-colonial era 2014.ppt

68. Filipinos during the HISPANIZATION
Period
•Magellan’s expedition and Lapu-Lapu’s heroism
•Archipelago of St. Lazarus – later renamed
Philippines after King Philip II of Spain
•March 31, 1521 – first Catholic Mass
•Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1
st
permanent
settlement in 1565 through a blood compact with
Sikatuna
•1571 – Legazpi declared Manila as capital with
the blood compact with Rajah Sulayman

69. Political Changes
•Government became centralized – for 250 years,
the Philippines was administered through the
Council of Indies that transmitted to the Governor-
General the royal decrees that served as guide in
administration of the colony
•Provincial governments started with
encomiendas, which were rewards given to
Spaniards who helped in the pacification of the
country.
•Encomienda – alcadia (provincial governments)
and corregimientos – pueblos (towns) -- barangay

70. Economic Policies
•Taxation until 1884 then ‘personal cedula’ (graduated
poll tax based on income)
•Forced labor – males from 16-60 years of age were
required to render service to the government for 40
days
•Encomienda – became the source of corruption of
officials particularly in the sharing of the produce
between the encomienda workers and landowners
•Galleon Trade of the Manila-Acapulco Trade: doctrine
of mercantilism (monopoly of goods from colonies);
limited trades with China and Mexico
•Tobacco Monopoly – for 100 years the government
designated Northern Luzon, Nueva Ecija, Cagayan
Valley, Marinduque as tobacco planting districts

71. Religious Influence
•Christian religion was introduced replacing the
paganistic anito worship
Augustianians (1565)
Franciscans (1577)
Jesuits (1581)
Dominicans (1587)
Recollects (1606)
•University of Santo Tomas founded in 1611
•Folk Catholicism – practice of Pagan superstitions
with Christianity

72. Growth of Filipino Nationalism
•Sporadic uprisings since 1574 – Lakandula,
Sulayman, Tamblot, Bangkaw, Palaris, Dagohoy,
Diego Silang, etc….
•Nationalism: opening of the Philippines to world
trade; rise of the middle class; racial prejudice;
Cavity mutiny; GOMBURZA execution
•Role of Propaganda Movement – Lopez Jaena;
MH del Pilar and Jose Rizal
•Andres Bonifacio and KKK – July 7, 1892
•Cry of Pugad Lawin – August 23, 1896

73. Filipinos during the American Colonization
•Spanish-American War in Cuba
•Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 –
Philippines was ceded by Spain to the US
•June 12, 1898 declaration of independence
•January 21, 1899 promulgation of Malolos
Constitution
•January 23, 1899 – Aguinaldo inaugurated the
Philippine Republic
•February 4, 1899 – Filipino American war
•March 23, 1901 – capture of Aguinaldo and end
of Filipino American war

74. American Colonial Policy
•Benevolent Assimilation by US Pres. William McKinley
•Filipinization Policy – training of Filipinos for self-
government
•Payne-Aldrich Act 1909 – free trade
•Jones Law of 1906 – promise of independence
•Hare-Hawes Cutting Law – 10 year transition period for
independence
•Tydings-McDuffie Law – amended the Hare-Hawes
Cutting law
•November 15, 1935 – inauguration of Commonwealth
government with Manuel L. Quezon as president
•Mutual Defense Treaty – Military Bases Agreement
•Flag Law
•Anti-Brigandage Act

75. Filipinos during the Japanese Occupation
•December 8, 1941 – bombing of Pearl Harbor started
WWII in the Pacific
•September 1, 1939 – war erupted in Europe when
Germany invaded Poland
•Fall of Bataan and Corregidor – marked the successful
invasion of Japan
•1942-1944 Japanese occupation
•Jose P. Laurel as President
•Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9) atomic
bombings marked Japan’s surrender
•1946 – election for Republican government

76. Sergio Osmena
1944 – 1946
- Founder of Partido Nacionalista
- Hare-Hawes- Cutting Law
- Tydings-McDuffie Act

77. Manuel Roxas
July 4, 1946 – April 15, 1948
•1
st
president of the Republic
•Declared amnesty to those arrested for
collaborating with the Japanese
•Worked for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of
the war-damaged country
•HUKBALAHAP problem

78. Elpidio R. Quirino
April 1948 – November 1953
-2
nd
president of the Republic
-Rehabilitation of the country
-Participation in the Korean War

79. Ramon Magsaysay
December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
•“Man of the Masses”
•Justice to ‘common tao’
•Established NARRA (National Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Administration)

80. Carlos P. Garcia
March 1957 – December 29, 1961
•Filipino First policy
•Austerity program
•Changes in retail trade

81. Diosdado Macapagal
December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965
•Land Reform Code
•Changed the date of Philippine Independence fro
m July 4 to June 12

83. SOURCES OF LAWS in Philippine Education
Presidential Decrees (P.D.) – 1972- 1981
Batas Pambansa (B.P.) – 1973- 1985
Republic Act (R.A.) – 1987- present
Executive Orders - Office of the President
Ordinances – LGUs
Memoranda, Orders, Circulars – DepEd, CHED,
DBM, CSC and other government agencies

84. Ferdinand E. Marcos
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
•The “New Society” - peace and order, land reform, economic
development, the enhancement of moral values, government
reorganization and decentralization, educational reforms, and
social service
•1973 Constitution (from 1935 Constitution)
•Martial Law (September 21, 1972)
•Assassination of Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr.
•EDSA Uprising on February 1986

86. •National College Entrance Examination (NCEE)
became a requirement for acceptance in tertiary
education (PD 146)
•Presidential Decree 907 – granted Civil Service
Eligibility or exemption from taking it to those who
graduated Cum Laude, Magna Cum Laude and
Summa Cum Laude
•Elementary education emphasized 3Rs
•RA No. 4670 - Magna Carta for Public School
Teachers was issued on June 18, 1966
•PD 1006 considered Teaching as a Profession –
established the Professional Board Examination for
Teachers (PBET)
•Education Act 1982 (BP 232)

87. Corazon C. Aquino
February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992
•1
st
woman president
•Icon of democracy
•1987 Constitution
•Release of political prisoners
•Restored freedom of the press and speech
•Worked for economic recovery

88. •RA 6655 – Free Public Secondary Education Act of
1988
•RA 6728 – Government assistance to students and
teachers in private education (GASTPE)
•Implementation of the Study-Now-Pay-Later Plan;
State Scholarship Program; National Integration
Study Grant (for rebel returnees); Selected Ethnic
Educational Assistance Program
•PRODED – Program for Decentralized Educational
Development – aimed to reduce the disparity in
allocation of educational resources and services.
•The Mobile Text Schools
•Project IMPACT – Instructional Management by
Parents, Community and Teachers

89. •Adoption of Education For All (EFA):
- institutionalization of early childhood care
and development
- universalization of quality primary
education
- eradication of illiteracy
- continuing education and development
•Implementation and formulation of Values
Education Framework

90. Fidel V. Ramos
June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998
•“Philippines 2000”
•Salary Standardization Law
•Peace Agreement with MNLF
•Re-imposition of Death Penalty
•Trade liberalization, privatization and deregulation
•Oil Deregulation Law

91. RA #7836 – Philippine Teachers
Professionalization Act of 1994
•Prescribes the Licensure Examination for Teachers
(LET) to make them duly licensed professionals who
possess dignity and reputation with high moral values
as well as technical and professional competence
•Provides that within 2 years after January 12, 1996,
no person shall teach in preschool, elementary or
secondary level or in vocational courses unless he is
a duly registered professional teachers.

92. Republic Act 7722
The Higher Education Act of 1994
•It created the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
independent from the Department of Education
•Its coverage include both public and private institutions
of higher education as well as degree granting programs
in all post-secondary educational institutions
•Authorizes the CHED to develop certain mandatory
curricular offerings particularly in the general education
program

93. Republic Act 7796
An Act Creating the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA)
It created TESDA to provide relevant, accessible high quality
and efficient technical education and skills development in
support of the development of higher quality Filipino middle-
level manpower responsive to and in accordance with
Philippine Development and priorities

94. •Republic Act 8190 – granting priority to residents of
the barangay, municipality or city where the school is
located, in the assignment of classroom public school
teachers as long as they possess all the minimum
qualifications.
•Republic Act 578 – confers the status of persons in
authority upon teachers, principals and professors.
•Republic Act 8292 – Higher Education Modernization
Act of 1997

95. •The Science and Technology Scholarship Law – RA 7687
in 1994
•The Law on Dual-Tech Training of 1994 – RA 7686
•Abolition of the law on NCEE (RA 7731)
•Law establishing Centers of Excellence in Teacher
Education – RA 7784
•RA 7743 – establishing municipal libraries and barangay
reading centers
•RA 7877 – Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
•RA 8491 – Code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat of
arms and other heraldic items and devices
•RA 8496 – Philippine Science High School System
•RA 8525 – Adopt-a-school program

96. Joseph E. Estrada
June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001
•“ERAP Para sa Mahirap”
•“Jeep ni ERAP”
•EDSA People Power II – January 2001
•Impeachment Trial

97. •Created the Presidential Commission on
Educational Reform (PACER)
•Rationalization of the moratorium period of the
creation and conversion of state colleges and
universities (SUCs)
•Proposed the one-year pre-baccalaureate system
•Required Masteral degrees for teaching in college
•Return to English as medium of instruction
•Restoration of the GMRC (good manners and right
conduct) curriculum
•Upgrading of the Maritime Education Standards
•Use of Lingua Franca or vernacular in Grade 1

98. Gloria M. Arroyo
January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010
•BEAT THE ODDS – Strong Republic
•2004 Election Anomalies – “Hello Garci Scandal”
•Anti-terrorism law
•Extra-judicial killings and enforced disappearances

99. Republic Act 9155
Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001
•An Act instituting a framework of governance for basic education,
establishing authority and accountability, renaming the
Department of Education, Culture and Sports as the Department
of Education
•Basic education is the education intended to meet the basic
learning needs which lays down the foundation on which
subsequent learning can be based.
•It encompasses early childhood, elementary and high school
education as well as alternative learning system for out-of-school
youth and adult learners including education for those with special
needs.

100. Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
English
Math
Science
Filipino
M
A
K
A
B
A
Y
A
N
MUSIC &
ARTS
HE
AP
VALUES
Compute
r Studies
Special Education Peace & Global Education
Non-Formal Education Basic Education
Adult
Education
Vocational
Education
Distance
Education
Lifelong
Learning
Indigenous
Education
Madrasah

101. •Increased of basic salary of teachers:
Teacher 1- P9,939.00 to P18,198.00
beginning 2009
•Republic Act 9163 – National Service
Training Program of 2001

102. Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III
June 30, 2010 - present
•“Kung Walang Corrupt, Walang Mahirap”
•Performance Informed Budgeting System
•Transparency in the Government System
•Good Governance System
•14
th
Month Pay
•Mother-Tongue Based Multi-Lingual Education
•R.A. 10157 – Kindergarten Law
•R.A. 10533 – Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (K-12
Education Law)

103. Republic Act No. 10157 
“An Act Institutionalizing the
Kindergarten Education into the
Basic Education System”

104. Republic Act No. 10533
The Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013
(The
 K to 12 Education)

109. Implication of K to 12 to
College/University Enrolment
2016-2017 : II, III, IV
2017-2018: III, IV
2018-2019: I, IV
2019-2020: I, II
2020-2021: I, II, III
2021-2022: I, II, III, IV

113. Duterte’s 7 biggest achievement
•Among Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s major
achievements, seven stand out. On these
achievements alone, he can claim to have
been a good president.
•1. Tax reform, under Finance Secretary
Sonny Dominguez, which made the
Philippines one of the fastest-growing
economies in Asia.

114. •2. Build, Build, Build, under Department of Public
Works and Highways (DPWH) Secretary Mark Villar
who raised infra spending to an average of 5.14
percent of GDP, from Fidel Ramos 1.7 percent;
Joseph Estrada 1.62 percent; Gloria Arroyo 1.5
percent; and Benigno Aquino III 2.7 percent.
•Duterte poured more money into infrastructure —
over P6 trillion in six years — than any president
before him, In the last five years alone, the DPWH
under Villar built 145,000 classrooms, 2,000 school
buildings, 5,555 bridges, and 26,500 kms. of roads,
access roads, expressways, and tollways.

115. •3. Transportation modernization under
Department of Transportation Secretary Art
Tugade who made mass transportation safe,
reliable, and available.
•Tugade increased RoRo shipping routes from 120
(servicing 223 ships and 2.8 million vehicles) in
2016 to 181 by 2020. He targets additional 41 to
service 325 ships and 4.8 million vehicles.

116. •Art completed more than 200 airport projects, 400
seaports, and 21 new lighthouses to reach 564
lighthouses. New airport terminals were built for
Mactan, Clark, Ormoc, and Kalibo. Bicol Airport
was restarted after an 11-year delay.
•Night-rated airports increased from 14 in 2016 to
20 by June 2021.

117. •NAIA improved from being one of the worst
airports in the world to being the most improved
by 2018. The laglag-bala racket, where NAIA
passengers were suddenly found to have bullets
in their luggage (an excuse for huge extortion)
stopped completely.
•Art has started building the impossible–a subway
on EDSA.

118. •According to Duterte, “we expanded the access of
Filipinos to quality and equitable tertiary education
through RA no. 10931 or the Universal Access to
Quality Tertiary Education Act, which I signed on
August 3, 2017.”
•This law provides various financial assistance and
scholarships to student beneficiaries in state
universities and colleges and local universities and
colleges (SUCs and LUCs). This law, among
others, institutionalized the Free Higher Education
(FHE), Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES), Student
Loan Program, and Free Technical and Vocational
Education and Training (TVET).

119. •5. An independent foreign policy
•Manila pivoted to Beijing without losing
Washington’s friendship and support. The US
was forced to return the Balangiga bells of Samar
which were seized by the US Army as war trophy
after the locals wiped out an entire infantry
regiment of 48 men and wounded 78 other
American soldiers. The Philippines had
demanded the return of the bells which were used
to signal the Filipino rebels to attack the US GIs.

120. •6. Duterte reduced red tape for the masses and
made oligarchs toe the line.
•Of course, under Duterte, crime went down but
extrajudicial killings became rampant. Now, the
President faces the grim prospect of being tried
before the International Criminal Court in The
Hague for crimes against humanity. Our
Supreme Court has told Duterte to cooperate with
the ICC.

121. •7. Universal health care. Insurance coverage
expanded from 90 percent of the population to
100 percent.
•COVID-19 proved too complex to contain, despite
9,000 new treatment facilities with 140,000-bed
capacity and 36 million in vaccine arrivals. A
Philippine Center for Disease Control is planned
and a Virology Institute is under construction.

122. •–RA No. 10963 Tax Reform for Acceleration and
Inclusion (TRAIN) Law of Dec. 19, 2017 provides
hefty income tax cuts for majority of Filipino
taxpayers while raising additional funds to help
support the government’s accelerated spending on
its “Build, Build, Build” and social services program.
•–RA No. 11213 Tax Amnesty Act, Feb. 14, 2019 -
offers a one-time opportunity to taxpayers to settle
estate tax amnesty program that gives reasonable
tax relief to estates with outstanding estate tax
liabilities

123. •–RA No. 11346 Tobacco Tax Law, July 25, 2019,
increases the excise taxes on tobacco products
(e.g., cigars, cigarettes) and subjects to excise
taxation and regulation heated tobacco products,
and vapor products, popularly known as
electronic cigarettes.
•–RA No. 11467 Sin Tax Law, Jan. 22, 2020,
increased taxes on alcohol beverages and
electronic cigarettes.

126. END

128. The Enhanced K to 12 Basic Education
Program
•(1) Kindergarten and 12 years of quality basic education
is a right of every Filipino, therefore they must be and
will be provided by government and will be free.
•(2) Those who go through the 12 years cycle will get an
elementary diploma (6 years), a junior high school
diploma (4 years), and a senior high school diploma (2
years).
•(3) A full 12 years of basic education will eventually be
required for entry into tertiary level education (entering
freshmen by SY 2018-2019 or seven years from now).

129. What is Senior High School?
•2 years of in-depth specialization for students depending
on the occupation/career track they wish to pursue
•Skills and competencies relevant to the job market
•The 2 years of senior HS intend to provide time for
students to consolidate acquired academic skills and
competencies.
•The curriculum will allow specializations in Science and
Technology, Music and Arts, Agriculture and Fisheries,
Sports, Business and Entrepreneurship.

130. Why are we implementing 12 years of
basic education and not 11 years?
A 12-year program is found to be the
adequate period for learning under basic
education and is a requirement for
recognition of professionals abroad (i.e.,
the Bologna and Washington Accords).

131. What specializations will be offered in
senior high school?
The specializations to be offered include
academics, middle-level skills
development, sports and arts, and
entrepreneurship. In general,
specializations will either be college
preparatory, immediate work/career
readiness, or a combination of both.

132. Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual
Language Education (MTB-MLE) 
The mother tongue will be the medium of
instruction from kindergarten to grade 3.
Tagalog, Kapampangan, Pangasinense,
Iloko, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Waray,
Tausug, Maguindanaoan, Maranao, and
Chabacano.

134. •The Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act was
the first US law passed setting a
process and a date for the
Philippines to gain independence
from the United States. It was the
result of the OsRox Mission led by
Sergio Osmeña and Manuel
Roxas.

135. •AN ACT To provide for the
complete independence of the
Philippine Islands, to provide for
the adoption of a constitution and
a form of government for the
Philippine Islands, and for other
purposes.

136. •The main points of the
Austerity Program were: The
government's tightening up of
its controls to prevent abuses
in the over shipment of exports
under license and in under-
pricing as well.

137. •June 12 was not always our official
Independence Day. It was made-so on
May 12, 1964, by then-president
Diosdado Macapagal. Macapagal
moved the celebration to June 12 in
order to commemorate Emilio
Aguinaldo's original proclamation of
Philippine independence from Spain
on the same date in 1898.

138. •The State shall promote the right
of every individual to relevant
quality education, regardless of
sex, age, creed, socio-economic
status, physical and mental
conditions, racial or ethnic origin,
political or other affiliation.

139. 1.Basic salary based from the salary standardization law
2.Clothing Allowance – P5,000/yr
3.Productivity Pay – P2,000/yr
4.Proportional Vacation Pay – salary for April and May
5.13
th
Month Pay – midyear and end of the year
6.Bonus – P5,000/yr as part of the 13
th
month pay
7.Performance-Based Bonus (PBB)
8.Study leave (sabbatical leave) with pay equivalent to
100% of salary after 7 years of service
9.Maternity leave with pay for 60 days
10.Paternity leave with pay for 7 working days
(Paternity Act of 1996- RA 8187)
10.Indefinite leave, Sick leave (15 days) and vacation leave
(15 days)
11. LOANS (1,3,5,10, 12, 14 months)
RA 4670 (Magna Carta for Public School
Teachers) Monetary and other Benefits