Philippine politics and governance lesson JUDICIAL BRANCH.pptx

Lesson about politics

1. Read the following scenario and try to analyze it by answering the process questions. Roy Requino , a grade 11 student of Hustisya National High School, was constantly being bullied by his classmates. Because of this, he experienced suicidal thoughts and almost decided to drop out of school. But one day, he and his parents became aware of the “Anti-Bullying” policy imposed in every school. So, they decided to take action and refer the matter to the Principal. Immediately, the students who bullied him were held responsible and were given sanctions based on the aforementioned policy. Because of this, Roy’s safety and welfare was protected and his right was also exercised.

2. Process questions: 1. Is the Anti-bullying policy important to Roy who represents students who are constantly bullied in school? Why? Why not? 2. On a larger scale, how can we protect ourselves not only to the acts of bullying but also to crime, violence deception and other unlawful acts? 3. Is there a system which can pave the way for the protection of its citizens through the exercise of law and order?

3. The Philippine Judiciary

4. Meaning of Judicial Power The power to decide on legal disputes is known as judicial power. Article VIII, section 1 of the 1987 constitution provides that “judicial power shall be vested in one supreme court and in such other courts as may be established by law.” As provided in the same section. It includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of excess of jurisdiction on the part of the branch or instrumentality of the Government, Hence, the central function of the judges is to adjudicate and interpret the law.

5. The Judicial branch is one of the 3 independent, coequal, and coordinate branches of the government. The independence of the Philippine judiciary is manifested in the following. • Creation of the judicial Bar Council • Expanded power of judicial review • Fiscal autonomy of the judiciary • Power to review proclamation of martial law and suspension of the writ habeas corpus • Security of tenure of the judges • The Supreme Court as judge in presidential elections

6. Scope of Judicial Power • Adjudicating Power – the power to settle legal disputes • Power of Judicial Review – Refers the power of supreme court to interpret and make judgments with respect to the law • Incidental Powers – Powers necessary for the discharge of judicial functions

7. Questions: *How are disputes settled in your school or family? *How important is the presence of a body that addresses this concern at bigger scope?

8. B. Organizational Structures of the Judiciary Branch of the Philippine and their particular function.

9. Supreme Court – the highest court or also known as the court of last resort composing of a chief justice and 14 associate justices

10. Court of Appeals – the second highest judicial court and primarily exercises appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the regional trial courts. It also reviews cases involving the Ombudsman and the department of justice as well as the decisions of government agencies exercising quasi- judicial functions including the office of the President it consists of 1 presiding justice and 69 associate justices who are then grouped in 23.

11. Regional Trial Court The  regional trial courts  ( RTC ;  Filipino :  Panrehiyong Hukuman sa Paglilitis ) [1]  are the highest  trial courts  in the  Philippines . In criminal matters, they have original jurisdiction.

12. Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, and Municipal Trial Court in Cities.

13. Special Courts • “Shan’ a Court • Court of Tax Appeals • Sandiganbayan

14. The expanded judicial system in the Philippines also includes quasi – court or quasi – judicial agencies bodies or agencies that exercise adjudicatory power in certain types of controversies like (Civil Service Commission, Commission on Election and Commission on Audit.

15. The Judiciary settles disputes and has the power to mediate conflicts between the order branches of the government. It is very important that this branch be protected and maintained because it brings justice and fairness.