philosophers-2.ppt on Rousseau the child liberator

Philosopher presentation

1. ROUSSEAU, THE CHILD LIBERATOR

2. CONTENTs Background of Rousseau. Ideas presented by Rousseau pertaining to a child’s education. Rousseau’s aims of education How Rousseau’s ideas could be applied in the primary school classroom? Rousseau’s methods of education. Q&A.

3. ROUSSEAU Rousseau was born June 28,1712 in G eneva, Switzerland . His mother died shortly after childbirth so he was raised by his father, Isaac Rousseau. When he was 10 his father got into a legal issue so they had to leave Geneva. When Rousseau got older he went to Paris. Here he started his journey and be explored many of his talents. He was a musician, a teacher, and a tutor

4. Ideas presented by Rousseau pertaining to a child’s education 1)For Rousseau knowledge was based on feelings and sensation. Preferring the natural to social, Rousseau stressed the human instinct and the means to knowledge. 2)He believed children should be given an opportunity to learn through experience naturally and therefore the child should be familiarized with the environment. 3)He also emphasized that children should learn through a hands-on experience to understand the principle or “learning by doing”.

5. ROUSSEAU’S AIMS OF EDUCATION To develop individuality. To struggle of survival successfully. To self-expression. To achieve social progress. To secure present and past happiness. To develop efficiency and perfection of human machine. To secure adjustment with environment.

6. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING AND INSTRUCTION Rousseau recognized stage of human growth and development. For Rousseau there are five stages of growth , infancy , childhood ,boyhood , adolescence and youth . Each stage requires an appropriate kind of education to simulate further development and growth. Most important , the early and formative stages of growth are to be free from corruption of society. 1 st stage- Infancy (from birth to five) sees the human being as essentially helpless and dependent on others. The infant needs freedom to move and to exercise his body. He needs to make his first contacts with the objects of the environment. The infant’s diet should be simple and nourishing.

7. 2 nd stage- childhood (from five to twelve) the child is growing physically stronger. He is beginning to develop his own personality, as he becomes aware that his actions have either painful or pleasurable consequences. He explores the environment and learns about the world through his senses. Rousseau believed that child learns better with his own experiences with nature and therefore the child should be familiarized with the environment

8. 3 rd stage-Boyhood- (from twelve to fifteen) the boy’s strength is still increasing. Nature is still the best teacher giving instruction in science and geography. By watching the cycles of growth and development of plants and animals.

9. 4 th stage- Adolescence (from fifteen to eighteen) during this stage Emile is put into society. His questions were to be answered honestly directly and sincerely by the tutor. Now that Emile had experienced a natural education he was ready to cope with the outside world. He needed t be aware of society and business. His aesthetic tastes too were cultivated by visiting museums, art galleries and libraries and by attending the theatre.

10. 5 th stage- Youth (from eighteenth to twenty) Emile travelled to Paris and to foreign countries to see different people and societies. Thus by his developmental schema Rousseau explicitly indicated that education should run parallel to the physical and mental development of the child.

11. ROUSSEAU’S METHODS OF TEACHING. Example is better than perception. Social knowledge should be imparted through social participation. Individual instruction should be given. Heuristic method should be applied. Direct experience should be given. Learning by doing method should be applied.

12. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 1.What are the five stages of learning naturally according to Rousseau? Stage 1: infancy(birth to two years). The first stage is infancy, from birth to about two years…. Stage 2: ‘the age of Nature’ (two to 12) Stage 3: pre adolescence (12-15) Stage 4: puberty (15-20) Stage 5: Adulthood (20-25)

13. 3 . Why is Rousseau regarded as the savior or the liberator of children? Children during Rousseau's time were considered mini adults. Childhood was not viewed intelligently. His views on the education of children has greatly influenced the child centered education movement of modern times. He believed that education should be child centered and should suit the child’s natural growth, mental abilities, differences and individualities as well as environmental experiences. 2 . What are the ideas of Rousseau in modern education system? Rousseau argues that a proper education is one that does not include constructs created by humans for the purpose of controlling other humans

14. MALITHI DPST-N-22128-04 NETHMI DPST-N-22128-18 BUSHRA DPST-N-22128-22 PRESENTED BY-