Philosophical School of Thought

Philosophical School of Thought

1. PHILOSOPHICAL SCHOOL OF THOUGHT BY Irshad

2. Educational Philosophy Education is practical in nature and philosophy is theory. Philosophy is the study of the realities, the pursuit of wisdom. The art of education cannot be completed without philosophy and philosophy cannot convert others to its aims and values without education. The educator, who has to deal with the real facts of life.

3. These are the four main philosophical school of thought. Idealism Realism Pragmatism Existentialism

4. Idealism Idealism is based on the early writings of Plato. It believes on that ideas are the only true reality . Idealism is the approach that focuses on a subject matter curriculum that concentrates on the cultures great and enduring ideas, values are universal, absolute and perceptual. Teaching methods focus on handle ideas through lecture, discussion, and to help students discover and clarify knowledge. In idealism, the aim of education is to discover and develop each individual's abilities and full moral superiority in order to better serve society.

5. Realism Realism is based on the thinking of Aristotle . Reality exists independent of the human mind. The role of teacher is to present material systematically encourage the use of objective criteria ,and be effective and accountable. The teacher organizes and presents content systematically within a discipline, demonstrating use of criteria in making decisions. Students must also demonstrate the ability to think critically and scientifically, using observation and experimentation Curriculum should be scientifically approached, standardized, and distinct-discipline based. Character is developed through training in the rules of conduct.

6. Pragmatism Pragmatism is based on the thoughts of a number of nineteenth-century American philosophers. Pragmatists believe that reality is constantly changing and that we learn best through applying our experiences and thoughts to solve problems. Pragmatic teacher focus on hands on problem solving projects. Students work in a group is a highly effective teaching method.

7. Pragmatists believe that learner should apply their knowledge to real situations through experimental inquiry. Pragmatism's curriculum is based on problem solving according the scientific method and values are situational or relative.

8. Existentialism Existentialism is based on the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre. Individual interpret the world from their own perceptions and create their own realities . The role of the instructor in this learner-centered philosophy is to be a facilitator. The basis of this philosophy is trust between the teacher and learner. Existentialists accept complete responsibility for their thoughts, feelings, and actions.

9. The teacher's role is to help students define their own essence by exposing them to various paths they may take in life and creating an environment in which they may freely choose their own ideal .