philosophy Lesson one and One Version 1.pptx

Introduction to the philosophy and human person

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY AND HUMAN PERSON

2. The word philosophy comes from two Greek words: philos (love) and sophia (wisdom). Thea ancient Greek used term to refer to "love of wisdom" and they aoon applied it to study or discipline that uses human reason to investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which govern all things. Philosophers or lover of wisdom - people who engage in philosophy WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

3. Notable Greek Philosophers HERACLITUS (570 BCE to 495 BCE) A mathematician and scientist, he was credited with formulating the Pythagorean theorem . His work earned him many followers, and he established a community of learners who were devoted to the study of religion and philosophy

4. HERACLITUS (535 BCE to 475 BCE) He proposed that everything that exists is based on the higher order or plan which he called logos . For him, change is a permanent aspect of the human condition as he was credited with saying " No man ever steps in the same river twice". He believed that the world is originated from the fire element.

5. DEMOCRITUS (460 BCE to 370 BCE) He devoted himself to the study of the causes of natural phenomena. He was among the first to propose that matter is composed of tiny particles called atom.

6. He was a known of living a simple and virtuous life. For him, one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in words and action. He was known as a vocal critic of well-known philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. His teaching and views were later developed by his followers and influenced the development of several schools of philosophy such as Cynicism and Stoicism. DIOGENES OF SINOPE (412 BCE to 323 BCE)

7. He believed that philosophy could enable man to live a life of happiness. His view give rise to Epicureanism - a school of philosophy which believes that wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain. EPICURUS (341 BCE to 270 BCE)

8. He was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient time. Known critic of intellectuals during his time, but he himself did not claim to be "wise" and merely considered himself a "midwife" that helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom. He also believe that philosophy could eneble a man to live a life of virtue. He was credited with formulating the Socratic Method - a means of examining a topic by devising a series of questions that let the learner examine and analyze his knowledge and views regarding the topic. SOCRATES (470 BCE to 399 BCE)

9. A student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor's teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas into them. His teaching and writings were considered the foundation of Western philosophy. Plato's most significant ideas included his Theory of Forms , which proposes that everything that exists is based on an idea or template that can only be perceived in the mind; these nonphysical ideas are eternal and unchanging. He focuses his studies on the ideal society and proposed an ideal model of government and society which is ruled by wisdom and reason Plato is also known for his dialec t- a method of inquiry where two opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to arrive at new knowledge. Plato's lasting contribution to learning was his founding of the Academy , an institution of higher learning which was the first of its kind in the Western World. He believe that the “The soul is immortal, even the physical ceased to exist” PLATO (427 BCE to 347 BCE)

10. He attended the Academy, and was a prominent student of Plato. disagreed with Plato's theory of forms and took different stance in interpreting reality. he was involved in a great variety of discipline such as zoology, psychology, ethics, and politics. His studies in logic led to a the formulation of a formal process of analyzing reasoning which give rise to deductive reasoning- the process by which specific statements are analyzed to reach a conclusion or generalization. ARISTOTLE (384 BCE to 322 BCE)

11. Philosophy is a reflective activity-it tends to critically reflect on its own methods and presuppositions, and it emphasizes its self-critical, reflective nature Philosophy as a meditative activity- a type of meditation practice that helps you organize the assortment of feelings rather than escaping from all of them only to come back to a mess of scattered emotions. This two is also an method of mental exercise on any type of experience. Philosophy is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals, concerns and ways of doing things. Philosophy does not limit itself to its own field. It makes sense of information gathered from various fields of knowledge such as science, psychology, economics, politics by integrating and synthesizing to have a deeper and more complete understanding of reality.

12. We all have the potential to philosophize since we have the tendency to wonder and doubt. We possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences, and we have a never ending need to learn and discover. Plato traced man's need to philosophize to his sense of wonder French philosopher Rene Descartes traced the need to philosophize to doubt Swiss-German philosopher Karl Japers saw the needs to philosophize because of experience . Japers called there experiences limit situations finally, the need to philosophize is driven by the love of wisdom. Why is there a need to philosophize?

13. To love wisdom is to have an insatiable desire for truth. Philosopher does not seek knowledge to claim ownership, and the one who engage in philosophy is not satisfied with figuring out the answer to questions. They seeks to continue to questions to prove and to discuss in order to get the bottom of the things. Through philosophy, we are expanding our knowledge and we realize that learning is unceasing and there is a lot more to learn and experience in life Socrates recognized for his motto “The unexamined life is not worth living. Why is there a need to philosophize?

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