Phonetics and Phonology, the Study of Sound and Phonemes

Phonetics and Phonology, the Study of Sound and Phonemes

1. Phonetics and Phonology , the Study of Sound and Phonemes Amman Arab University Department of English Language and Translation

2. P honetics

3. What is the phonetics?? Phonetics  is a branch of linguistics that studies how humans produce and perceive sounds, or in the case of sign languages. It is the science of human speech sounds . for   example  the lips, tongue and teeth, to produce particular sounds .

4. • The oldest branch, and also the one which is the most relevant in foreign language teaching, is articulatory phonetics . This examines the articulatory (vocal) organs and their role in the production of speech sounds.

5. • The second branch is acoustic phonetics . This deals with the physical properties of speech sounds as they travel through the air in the form of sound waves .

6. • The third branch is called auditory phonetics , which examines the way in which human beings perceive speech sounds through the medium of the ear.

7. The tasks of phonetics The main task of phonetic science is twofold, it is to provide a notation and description for each speech sound. By notation we mean a system of transcription symbols whereby we can make an accurate and unambiguous record of what goes on in speech. This is necessary because conventional letters cannot do this job properly.

8. The importance of phonetics The importance of phonetics, or as it is called scientifically phonology, which means the phonemic system of language, which is one of the basic levels of language, is complementary to both the phonemic system and the sentence structure system, and it is the science that studies linguistic sounds and describes them with a different description of their phonological functions and is a science that studies the aspect The physical and natural of sound. Each letter has a sound, as well as an output that comes out of it, and each output or letter has an attribute that differs from other letters and the importance of phonetics is due to it being a guide to mastering the English language.

9. The two basic tasks of phonetics are the transcription and the classification of sounds, also called phones in this context. The phone is therefore the basic unit of phonetics and it refers to the concrete sound substance as such. In the area of articulatory phonetics this substance is described on the basis of the articulatory properties. These refer to the human vocal tract (or to the speech organs), and are used to describe and classify sounds. By contrast, acoustic and auditory phonetics deal with the characteristics of sound waves and how they are perceived by the human ear.

10. Phonetic Representation Most linguistics use the International Phonetic Alphabet to represent all the sounds of human language. The IPA has a particular written symbol to represent every sound, and every variation of sound, that occurs in languages across the globe. The IPA is a useful tool for linguists and students of language, because a linguist who knows the IPA can read the transcription of any language and be able to reproduce the words correctly, even if they are from a language he has never learned or heard before .

11. Articulatory Phonetics Most speech sounds are produced by pushing air through the vocal cords - Glottis = the opening between the vocal cords - Larynx = 'voice box' - Pharynx = tubular part of the throat above the larynx - Oral cavity = mouth - Nasal cavity = nose and the passages connecting it to the throat and sinuses

12. Thank You  Done by: Tasneem Bani Hamad Supervised by: Dr. K haleel Al B ataineh