physci LESSONS FOR GRADE 11 READY FOR EXAMINATIONFINALS 2.pptx

physci LESSONS FOR GRADE 11 READY FOR EXAMINATIONFINALS 2.pptx

1. Lesson 2 : The Restless Universe

2. In which situations described a motion? a.Boy pushing a wall b. Girl walking from one place to another

3. Motion -change in position with respect to a reference point Revolution of Earth around the sun Asteroids moving on their orbits A B

4. Rockets in outer space Neil Armstrong walking on the moon

5. Contribution of the Greeks to the study of motion and Earth 1. Aristotle’s view of motion Classification of Motion Terrestrial Motion Celestial motion

6. Classification of Motion 1 . Terrestrial Motion -MOVEMENT OF OBJECTS ON EARTH -ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE, EARTH IS THE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING ON HE UNIVERSE WAS MADE OF 4 ELEMENTS: EARTH(CENTER), WATER, FIRE AND AIR

7. Types of Terrestrial Motion 1. Natural motion- each element had a natural place. If the element was moved from its natural place, it would return to its natural place following a straight line.

8. Rain in the sky -sky is not the natural place of water, that was why the rain fell

9. Types of Terrestrial Motion 2. Violent or unnatural motion- imposed motion by pulling or pushing Ex: Lifting a rock is violent because the rock was removed from its natural place

10. Classification of Motion 2. Celestial motion -MOTION OF CELESTIAL BODIES WHICH ONLY POSSESSED THE TENDENCY OF UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

11. Revolution of Earth around the sun Asteroids moving on their orbits PLANETS REVOLVING AROUND THE SUN MOON ROTATING ON ITS AXIS AROUND THE EARTH

12. Contribution of the Greeks to the study of motion and Earth 2. Hipparchus View of Motion -One of the greatest observational astronomers because he was able to explain the precession of equinoxes

13. Precession of Equinoxes -refers to the movement of Earth relative to its orbital plane -Hipparchus observed that the Earth is not stationary just like how the geocentric model described Earth at that time -Since Earth slowly moves away from its original orbital plane, observers thought that a star has moved when in fact it is not the stars location that moved but it the Earth .

14. Contribution of the Greeks to the study of motion and Earth 3. Copernicus View of Motion -He studied the motion of Earth Classification of Earth’s Motion 1. Diurnal motion 2. Annual motion

15. Classification of Earth’s Motion Diurnal motion (rotation) -refers to the rotation of the Earth about its axis from west to east -rotation of Earth results in day or night 1 day= 1 Earth rotation=24 hours

16. Classification of Earth’s Motion 2. Annual motion (Revolution) -refers to the movement with reference to the sun Earth revolves around the sun in counterclock wise direction This movement results in the occurrence of seasons (spring, summer, winter and autumn) 1 year= 1 Earth revolution=365 ¼ days (365 days and 6 hours)

17. Contribution of the Greeks to the study of motion and Earth 3. Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion Laws of Planetary Motion Law of Ellipsis 2. Law of Equal areas 3. Law of Harmonies

18. Contribution of the Greeks to the study of motion and Earth 3. Kepler’s Law of Planetary Motion Laws of Planetary Motion Law of Ellipsis 2. Law of Equal areas 3. Law of Harmonies

19. Laws of Planetary Motion Law of Ellipsis -each planet moves in an elliptical path Aphelion- point in a planet’s orbit that is farthest from the sun Perihelion- point in Earth’s orbit that is nearest to the sun

20. Laws of Planetary Motion 2. Law of Equal Areas -as a planet moves at any point along its elliptical orbit, it travels equal areas of space in equal periods of time

21. 12 areas=12 months 1 area=1 month

22. Laws of Planetary Motion 3. Law of Harmonies - The square of the total time period (T) of the orbit is proportional to the cube of the average distance of the planet to the Sun (R)  . T-time to complete 1 revolution r-distance from the sun

23.   =Revolutionary period (total time) of planet A = Revolutionary period (total time) of planet B =Average distance of planet A from the sun = Average distance of planet B from the sun T-days r-Unit  

24. Ganymede and IO are moons of Jupiter. Using the law of Harmonies, compute the period of Ganymede around Jupiter given that IO is 4.2 units away from the sun and moves around this planet in 1.8 Earth days. Ganymede is 10.7 units away from the Jupiter.  

25. Let Moon A be IO and Moon B Ganymede A=IO B=Ganymede Given: =1.8 days = 4.2 units = ? = 10.7 units  

26. Unknown: = ?   Formula:   Solution:   Given: =1.8 days = 4.2 units = ? = 10.7 units  

27. Solution:     ( = ) (       =53.57 =   = 7.31 days  

28. Activity # 2 Direction: Identify whether the following situations are IN MOTION or AT REST. ____1. Planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun ____ 2. The sun moves in elliptical orbits around the center of the Milky Way galaxy ____3. Book on top of a table ____4. Satellites or moon moves in elliptical orbits around the planets ____5. Sleeping on a sofa bed

29. Activity # 2 ____6. The solar system moves in elliptical orbits around the center of the Milky Way galaxy ____7. Bottle kept on a table ____8. Asteroids, comets and meteors are in constant motion as they orbit around the sun ____9. The Earth spins on its axis ____10. Falling of an apple ____11. The moon orbiting around the Earth

30. Activity # 2 ____12. Pencil on top of an armchair ____13. Abandoned satellites moving in outer space ____14. Sitting on an armchair for hours ____15. Spacewalk of Astronauts in the outer space