PHYSICAL EDUCATION ATHLETICS

CLASS-XI
PROJECT
PRACTICAL

1. DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOLAGRA
TOPIC ⇒ATHLETICS
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
ASHISH KUMAR SINGH
XI-B
2020-2021

2. CIRTIFICATE
ThisistocertifythatASHISHofclassXI-BofDelhiPublicSchool,Agrahascompleted
hisPHYSICALEDUCATIONPROJECTundermysupervisionandhastakenproper
careanddisplayedutmostsincerityincompletionofthisproject.
HisprojectisuptothestandardbothinrespectofitscontentsasperCBSEnormsand
thisishisoriginalworkaspermyknowledge.
Mr.AshishVerma
(Subjectteacher)
Ms.MeghanaSorick Mr.R.K.Pandey
(IC-Sr.Sec.) (Principal)

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Itismyprivilegetoofferspecialvenerationandheartiestgratitudetomyvaluable
teacherMr.AshishVermawithoutwhoseencouragingattitude,sagaciousguidanceand
constantrelevanthelp.Thisprojectcouldneverhavecomeoutwithflyingcolors.
WordsarenotenoughtoexpressmysenseofgratitudetowardsPhysicalEducation
Department,ThePrincipalandI/CSeniorSecondaryofDelhiPublicSchoolAgrafor
theirrelevantsupportinthefulfillmentofmyobjective.
Signatureofstudent

4. INTRODUCTION
Thesportofathleticsinvolvescompetitiverunning,jumping
andthrowing.Themostcommontypesofathleticscompetitions
aretrackandfield,roadrunning,crosscountryrunning,andrace
walking.
Theresultsofracingeventsaredecidedbyfinishingpositionwhile
thejumpsandthrowsarewonbytheathletethatachievesthe
highestorfurthestmeasurementfromaseriesofattempts.
Thesimplicityofthecompetitions,andthelackofaneedfor
expensiveequipment,makesathleticsoneofthemostcommonly
competedsportsintheworld.Athleticsismostlyanindividualsport,
withtheexceptionofrelayracesandcompetitionswhichcombine
athletes'performancesforateamscore,suchascrosscountry.

5. HISTORY OF ETHELITICS
Athleticcontestsinrunning,walking,jumpingandthrowingareamong
theoldestofallsportsandtheirrootsareprehistoric.Athleticsevents
weredepictedintheAncientEgyptiantombsinSaqqara,with
illustrationsofrunningattheHebSedfestivalandhighjumping
appearingintombsfromasearlyasof2250BC.TheTailteann
GameswereanancientCelticfestivalinIreland,foundedcirca1800
BC,andthethirty-daymeetingincludedrunningandstone-
throwingamongitssportingevents.Theoriginalandonlyeventatthe
firstOlympicsin776BCwasastadium-lengthrunningeventknown
asthestadion.Thislaterexpandedtoincludethrowingandjumping
eventswithintheancientpentathlon.Athleticscompetitionsalsotook
placeatotherPanhellenicGames,whichwerefoundedlateraround
500BC.

7. TRACK AND FIELD DIMNSIONS

8. TRACK AND FIELD EVENTS ARE DIVIDED
INTO FIVE CATEGORIES
Running events
Jumping events
Throwing events
Combined events
Walks

9. KINDS OF STARTS

10. TYPES OF CROUCHED STARS
Therearethreemaintypesofcrouched
starts.
BulletStart
MediumStart
ElongatedStart

11. BULLET START
Thefirsttypeofsprintstartiscalledabulletorbunchstart.
Thetoesofthebackfootareaboutlevelwiththeheelofthefront
foot.
Bothofthefeetareplacedwellbehindthestartingline.Thetoeto
toedistanceissaidtobe25to30centimetres.
Inthisstart,yourfeetareclosesttogether,comparedtotheother
starts.Becauseyourfeetareclosetogether,yourlegsandbody
are"bunched"together.
Thatiswhyitiscalledthebunched,orbulletstart.

12. MEDIUM START
Thesecondtypeofsprintstartiscalledmediumstart.Inthisthe
kneeofthebacklegisoppositethefrontfoot.
Thetoetotoedistancesaidtobe40to55centimeters.Inthisstart,
thefeetareclosertogetherthantheelongatedstartbutfarther
apartthanthebulletstart.
Itsinthemiddle.That'swhyitiscalledthemediumstart,becauseit
isinbetweentheothertwo.

13. ELONGATED START
Thethirdtypeofsprintstartiscalledtheelongatedstart.
Thesprinterhastheirkneeofthebackleglevel,orslightlybehind
thefrontfoot'sheel.
Thetoetotoedistanceis60to70centimetres.
Inthisstart,yourfeetarespreadoutfartherthantheothertwo.
Yourbacklegisstretchedorelongated,behindyou.

14. GENERAL RULES OF ATHLETICS

15. RUNNINGEVENT
Fromthefiringofthestarter’sguntobreastingtothefinishingtape,an
athleteisexpectedtoadherestrictlytosomebasicruleslikehe/shemust
startbehindthestartlineandmustremaininthelanethroughouttherace.
Jumpingthegunmayleadtodisqualificationfromthegame.
Ifarunnertriedtoimpedethefellowathlete’sprogressbyblocking,
shovingorinterferingtogainunfairadvantage,he/shewilldisqualified
fromthegame.
Arunnermustwearsneakersorathleticshoesduringthegame.

16. JUMPING EVENT
Injumpingeventstheathletesrunthrougharunway.However,therules
varyaccordingtotheevents.
Mostjumpingeventshasasandpitorapadtoenabletheathleteland
easilyafterthejump.Thefootoftheathleteshouldnottouchtheground
beforethejump,orelseitdeclareda‘scratch’andearnshimzeropoints.
Thelengthofthejumpmeasuredfromthejumpinglinetothepointwhere
thefoottouchestheground.
Iftheathleteshappentofallbackafterlanding,thedistancemeasuredis
tothecontactpoint.Theathletesaregiventhreetriesorchancesandthe
besttryiscounted.

17. THROWING EVENT
InthrowingeventslikeJavelinThrow,HammerThrowandshortput,an
athleteisexpectedtoaimfartherthananybodyelse.Justlikethejumping
events,onlythelongestthrowcountshere.
Javelinistheonlyeventthatallowstheparticipanttorun.Theparticipants
dartthrougharunwayof30metresbeforepitchingtheirjavelin.
Inallthrowingevents,theobjectlobbedmustlandwithinaspecifiedarea.

18. IMPORTANT TOURNAMENTS AND
VENUES OF ATHLETICS

19. SPORTS AWARDS
DronacharyaAward
Arjuna Award
Rajiv Gandhi Khel RatnaAward

20. DRONACHARYA AWARD
1985 –O.M. Nambiar
2002 –H.D. Motivala
ARJUNA AWARD
1970 –S.J. Contractor
1973 –AfsarHussain
RAJIV GANDHI KHEL RATNA AWARD
1993 –H.D. Motivala
1993 –P.K. Garg

21. IMPORTANT PERSNALOTIES

22. MAJOR DHYAN CHAND
USAIN BOLT
JESSE OWENS
MUHAMMUD ALI
CATHY FREEMAN
MICHAEL PHELPS
MARK SPITZ
NADIA COMANECI
EMIL ZATOPEK
CARL LEWIS

23. SPECIFIC WARMING-UP
Arm circles
Jumping jacks
Back pedalling
Walking knee hugs
Squats
Side shuffles
Lunges

24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.google.co.in
https://www.wikipedia.org
https://sciencing.com
https://rocketsciencing.blogspot.com