pigeonpea wilt ppt.pptx agriculture 3rd 5th sem

Agriculture

1. JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SUBJECT TITLE : Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and Their Management-I TOPIC : Pigeonpea wilt SUBJECT CODE : BSCAGCO504T22 SUBMITTED BY : Yashwant Kumar Saini (R50117) SUBMITTED TO : dr. S.k. khatik sir SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Pigeonpea : wilt 

2. Pigeon pea : wilt

3. Introduction: Wilt is the most destructive fungal disease of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan ) in India. Reported by Butler (1906). Causes up to 50 % mortality under continuous cropping. Common in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, M.P., and Tamil Nadu. Recovery of infected plants is very rare. Pathogen remains active in infested soil for several years.

4. Causal Organism / Pathogen Pathogen: Fusarium udum (Perfect stage) Gibberella indica (Imperfect stage) Confined to vascular tissues —both inter- and intracellular. Produces three spore types: Microconidia Macroconidia Chlamydospores Survives long in soil via chlamydospores.

5. Symptoms 1. Symptoms appear after rainy season 2. Wilting of seedling and adult plant 3. Appear in patch 4. Drying of leaves followed by drying of entire plant 5. Black streaks several feet on the stem 6. Cortex filled with white mycelial growth

6. Disease Cycle 1. Perennation: • Pathogen survives saprophytically in soil and crop residues. • Conidia and chlamydospores act as primary inoculum. 2. Primary Infection: • Infection through fine rootlets by soil-borne hyphae or germinated spores. • Pathogen moves into larger roots and vascular system. 3. Secondary Infection: • Rare; aerial conidia seldom cause infection.

7. Favorable Conditions Temperature range: 17 – 29 °C (optimum ≈ 25 °C). Moderate soil moisture favors infection. Superphosphate and cattle-dung manuring increase incidence. Light, sandy soils more prone than heavy soils. Continuous pigeonpea cropping enhances disease build-up.

8. Disease Management Crop Rotation: 4–5 years with non-host crops. Mixed Cropping: Arhar + Jowar Green Manuring: Neem and Jatropha improve soil health. Soil Treatment: Formalin ( 0.25% ) + Water ( 1 liter ) before sowing. Resistant Varieties: C-11, KWR-1 , S-103, Pusa 853, Pusa 855. Biocontrol Agent: Aspergillus niger