PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX new.pptx

PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX

1. PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE ASHIRA P, SURUMI SULTHANA R A

2. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE Art appeared during the middle age. It is the first style that can be found all over Europe, even when regional differences. The expansion of the style was linked to the pilgrimages mainly to Santiago.

3. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE Romanesque art developed series of causes : The end of Barbarian invasions The decomposition of Cordoba’s caliphate The establishment of peace in the Christian world, with the development of the cities, commerce and industry.

4. TYPOLOGIES There are three main architectural typologies : Monasteries Castle Churches

5. PISA CATHEDRAL COMPLEX Pisa Cathedral Complex, known simply as cathedral square. In addition to the cathedral itself,It includes a church, a baptistery, a cemetry and one very famous bell tower-better known as Leaning Tower of Pisa. It has been described by UNESCO as ‘An out standing example of medievial Christian architecture.

6. PISA COMPLEX Pisa complex mainly comprises of : Pisa Cathedral Campanile Baptistery Cemetry

7. PISA CATHEDRAL Construction of Pisa cathedral began first in 1093. Pisa cathedral is large ,with a nave and four aisles,and is one of the most impressive and majestic of all Romanesque churches. Pisans wanted their Bishops church not only to be a monument to the glory of god but also to bring credit to the city.

8. The cathedral resembles an early Christian basilica with a timber roof ,columnar arcade and clerestory but the broadly projecting transparent with apses ,the crossing dome ,and the facade’s multiple arcaded galleries distinguish it has Romanesque. The main architect was Buscheto , he was buried in the last blind arch on the left side of the facade. The facade is marble. The bottam section has tall blind arcades with pastel- colored marble inlay and three portals with bronze doors. Above this a four raws of open arcades with delicate columns rising to the top of a gable that is much taller than the cathedral roof.

9. The spacious nave has a Cosmatesque marble pavement and two aisles on each sides ,the transept crossing is covered by a painted oval dome. The granite Corinthian columns between the nave and the aisle came originally from the mosque of Palermo, captured by the pisans . The elaborately carved pulpit was made by Giovanni pisano,a master work of medieval sculpture. The pulpit is supported by plane columns. At the east end of the exterior, high on a column rising from the gable, is the modern replica of Pisa Griffin, the largest Islamic metal sculpture.

10. CAMPANILE The campanile was begun in 1173 as the final structure of the magnificent cathedral complex on the Campo dei Miracoli in Pisa. The settling of its foundations and resulting lean became apparent before it was even finished - after only three stories were completed. The engineer, believed to be Bonnano Pisano, tried to compensate by making the new stories a little taller on one side. However, the extra materials caused the tower to sink even more.

11. Made of gleaming white and pastel marbles, the Leaning Tower has a diameter of 52 feet (16 m) at the base and would stand 185 feet (56 metres) high if it were straight It currently leans 5.5 degrees, which amounts to about 15 feet or 4.5 metres from vertical.

12. The bottom register of the tower has a blind arcade and an ornately carved portal, which features grotesque sculptures of animals. The second through seventh stories have open arcaded galleries and the eighth story houses the bell chamber. The medieval bells remain in place, but for stability reasons are no longer rung. Inside the tower is a 294-step spiral staircase leading to the bell chamber. The famous lean of the bell tower often overshadows its magnificent architecture, which is an exceptional example of the Romanesque style. The round tower is made of fine multi-coloured marble and has eight stories in all, each surrounded by an arcaded gallery. The repeating registers of arches give the tower an exceptionally harmonious and rhythmic appearance.

13. BAPTISTERY Construction on the baptistery began in the Romanesque style under Diotisalvi in 1153. It was finally completed in 1363. Italy's largest baptistery (54.86m tall and 104m in circumference), the Battistero di San Giovanni is also slightly taller than the Leaning Tower across the square. As it shares the same unstable ground as the tower, the baptistery also has a slight lean of 0.6 degrees towards the cathedral.

14. The lower register of the baptistery is 12th-century Romanesque (with round blind arches), while the upper parts are predominantly 13th-century Gothic (with pointed arches). The exterior of the second register was decorated with statues and designs by Giovanni Pisano; The square main portal bears interesting reliefs by an unknown artist of the 13th century. The left side depicts the Labors of the Months while the right side portrays the Apostles (in pairs), the Harrowing of Hell, and King David.

15. The interior is fairly plain, dimly lit and not especially attractive, but it includes two great treasures: the first of the great Pisano pulpits and the large baptismal font in the centre. The baptistery's pulpit is a masterpiece carved in 1255-60 by Nicola Pisano.

16. The central baptismal font was carved and inlaid in 1246 by the Gothic sculptor Guido Bigarelli da Como (active 1238-57). In the centre of the font is a 20th-century statue of St. John the Baptist, to whom the baptistery is dedicated. The baptistery is renowned for its perfect acoustics - choir concerts held inside can be heard from miles away.

17. CEMETERY A cemetery known by the name of Campo Santo, Camposanto Monumentale or Camposanto Vecchio is situated in the northern side of Pisa’s Cathedral Square. It is now addressed as monumental as recently an urban cemetery was constructed in Pisa. To avoid confusion, this one is often called the Camposanto Monumentale . A burial ground, legend says that any person’s body buried in this ground will decay within 24 hours. 

18. The building of this structure has been constructed by the famous Giovanni in 1278 over the burial ground. The exterior wall of the building has 43 blind arches and two doorways. The right side door has an artwork exhibiting the Virgin Mary with Child and four saints. It has three chapels- Ammannati (named after a teacher in University of Pisa), Aulla (that houses the original lamp seen by Galileo) and Dal Pozzo (where at times a Mass is organised

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