Planning in every context economy pp.pptx

planning slide

1. Planning Planning in Nepal : meaning and definition, process, importance, challenges and national strategy. - Samikshya Khatri : 77 - Sudhan Lohar : 93 - Shruti Shah : 85 - Tara Bishwakarma : 105 - Supriya Adhikari : 101

2. Meaning and Concept of Planning Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do, when to do, & who is to do it. Planning bridges the gap from where we are to where we want to go. It is one of the basic managerial functions. Planning involves setting objectives & developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives within given time period. It is closely connected with creativity & innovation. It involves selecting missions, objectives & deciding on the action to achieve them.

3. Planning from different authors : Alfred and Beatty “ Planning is the thinking process, the organized foresight, the vision based on fact and experience that is required for intelligent action.” Dalton “ Economic planning in the widest sense is the deliberate direction by persons in charge of large resources of economic issues of the nation.” Henry Fayol “ Planning is a deciding the best alternatives among others to perform different managerial operations in order to achieve the pre-determined goals. ”

4. EARLY INITIATIVES ( 1950’s – 1960’s ) After the end of Rana Regime in 1951, Nepal initiated its economic planning process. In 1956, the country established the National Planning Commission ( NPC ) to co-ordinate & guide the planning process. The first-five year plan ( 1956 – 1961 ) focused on agriculture, transportation, & infrastructure development.

5. Summary: To prepare basis for prosperity quality & modern infrastructure ; increasing productive & decent employ ; high sustainable & inclusive economic growth, & by poverty alleviation. To preserve & protect national dignity independence & national interest through socio-economic transformation & self-dependent & sustainable national economy.

6. PLANNING IN NEPAL : When the idea of planned development took worldwide form, Nepal could not stay away from it’s effect. Although in the Prime Minister-ship of Shree Tin (3), Juddha Shumsher , 20 years plan & in the time of Mohan Shumsher , 15 years plan was introduced but was not implement. Till now, the government of Nepal has implemented a total of 15 plans out of which the 2 nd , 11 th , 13 th , & 14 th plans were of a duration of 3 years. The currently endorsement plan is five – year plan that targets to make us the citizens of a developing country by the end of 2024 A.D. The currently running planning is 15 th plan. (2077 – till now).

7. Process of Plan Formulation : Plan formulation is the process of developing a detailed strategy with reference to the evolution of previous plan including evaluation and monitoring of the current plan to achieve a specific goal or objective. In context of Nepal, as central agency of government ; The National Planning Commission (NPC) formulates a national development plan which should be formulated according to the economic condition and social needs of the nation. The process of plan formulation in Nepal as follow : Evaluation of past plan and estimation of new plan Collection and presentation of new project proposal Discussion Determination of objective Setting target and priorities

8. Determination of growth rate 7. Proper development policies Mobilization of resources Authorization and implementation Monitoring and evaluation 1. EVALUATION OF PAST PLAN AND ESTIMATION OF NEW PLAN : The first step of plan formulation is that ; The Planning Authority evaluates the previous plan. While in this process planning authority evaluate the success or failure of the current and previous plan. Failed plan should be change with improvement or dropped and successful programs and policies continued by planning authority in the new plan. Authority estimated overall required resources income and expenditure for the proposed plan.

9. 2: COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION OF NEW PROJECT PROPOSAL : Planning authority collect proposal from each district of the country (Development Committee). National Planning Commission (NPC) collects various development projects from the concerned offices of local government Federal Government and, Central Government. District level authority sends their programs or proposal to NPC through their respective minister. The NPC propose some central level project proposal to National Development Council (NDC). 3. DISCUSSION : Discussion programs take place among NDC & NPC. Which includes the representative member from various sectors and area of the country and, NPC (ministry secretaries, experts from concerned field, and representative of donor agencies). On the basis od discussion determines it the new plan can be conducted or not.

10. 4. DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES : The objectives should be determines in a plan document to meet desired goal according to existing resources of the country (which should be clear and specific). 5. SETTING TARGET AND PRIORITIES : The target of the plan should be determined for a decent development plan, Which guides overall activity during the proposed plan period. 6. DETERMINATION OF THE GROWTH RATE : In the good planning, there should determined growth rate on the basis of capital resources, human resources, natural resources.

11. 7. PROPER DEVELOPMENT POLICIES : Development policies always work as guidelines in preparing development programs. Which may be related with legal framework and economic activity. Resource mobilization is a process which will identify the essential resources for development and continuing for the achievement of development mission. 8. MOBILIZATION OF RESOURCES : 9. AUTHORIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN : The final document of development plan prepared by planning authority is presented to National Development Council for authorization. After authorization of new plan, it is implemented in association with government of Nepal ( NPC, private sectors, NGO/INGO and local authorities.

12. 10. MONITARING AND EVALUATION : Regular monitoring and supervision are made by NPC. It is necessary to evaluate the plan periodically to determine its success or failure.

13. Plan development in Nepal : Nepal started development planning process in 1956 A.D./2013 BS. The National Planning Commission made by government under Yojana Mandala Act,1956 headed by P.M. In 1961 started party-less panchayat system and National Planning Commission formed under the king. In 1963 it was de-solved and the ‘Ministry of Economy Affairs’ renamed ‘Ministry of Economic Planning.’ In 1963 the national planning council changes into National Planning Commission. After multi-party democracy in 1990 NPC reconstructed. Now NPC constructed according to ‘Constitution of Nepal’ NPC is as an apex and central agency of government of Nepal for formulating a National vision, periodic plan and policies for development.

14. Summary of objective in different periodic plans of Nepal :- # THE FIRST PLAN ( 1956 -1961 ) Four tiers of objectives :- rise living stander. to establish necessary institution. provide employment. to increase national output. Estimated development outlay was 330 million. # THE SECOND PLAN ( 1962 – 1965 ) Three particular objective :- production, distribution and economic stability. emphasized industrial development. to increase agriculture : economic stability. Estimated outlay was 670 million.

15. # THE THIRD PLAN (1956-1970) There was particularly three objectives :-   Development, foundation and a addressing social inequality by NPC. Emphasized to increase agriculture, development and infrastructure. For economic equality concept of  land reform was started as the first time. Estimated outlay was 2500 million. #  THE FOURTH PLAN (1970 – 1975) Particular objective was  to increase agriculture, economic, equality, justice in society.  Emphasized to expand the facility of transport and communication.   some achievements :- •Expansion of telephone service •Establishment of post office • airport and trolley bus service also started

16. #THE FIFTH PLAN ( 1975-1980 ) First time kept objective of geographical balance development. first time plan concerned with the problem at poverty. Emphasized to increase production or agriculture • annual economic growth rate = 2.2% • population growth rate = 2.3% #THE SIXTH PLAN ( 1980 – 1985 ) First time minimum basic need introduces. emphasized to increase production in higher rate and employment opportunities. • Economic growth rate = 5.9% • literacy rate 28.9%

17. # THE SEVENTH PLAN ( 1985 – 1990 ) → Emphasized to fulfill basic needs of people, → Started ‘MDC’ → Proposed budget was 29 billion # THE EIGHTH PLAN ( 1992-1997 ) objectives was : • to alleviate poverty • to create Democratic principle of privatization, liberalization and globalization. # THE NINTH PLAN ( 1997-2002 ) Emphasized to alleviation of poverty. • to attain economic prosperity • Economic ana social empowerment • of the people. Targeted to increase industrial production by 6% and 6.35 million job.

18. # THE TENTH PLAN ( 2002 - 2007 ) Government of Nepal created four pillars for poverty reduction strategy. • 28% People are under poverty • reduced poverty level in 30% • Targeted annual growth rate 4.0 percent • Achieve 3.2 percent. # THE ELEVENTH PLAN ( 2007 – 2010 ; Interim plan) → Emphasized to establishment of peace and • reduce poverty, inequality in the country. → Targeted annual growth rale = 5.5 percent Achieved 4.0 percent. → poverty rate was 24%

19. # THE TWELVETH PLAN ( 2011 – 2013 ) → The objective of plan was: alleviate poverty and sustainable peace → to increase economic growth. → Targeted economic growth rate is 5.5% at TYP period growth rate was 4% → Targeted agriculture growth rate 4.5% achieve 2.22% #THE THIRTEEN PLAN ( 2013-2016 ) → The objective of plan was :  → to reduce human economic poverty → to upgrade to Nepal from LDG to developing country → Targeted annual growth rate 6.6 % achieve 2.92%

20. # THE FOURTHTEEN PLAN ( 2016 – 2019 ) → the objective of plan was to bring socio- economic transformation through repaid → poverty reduction with speedy economic growth and productive employment and equitable distribution. → Total government expenditure/outlay was → NAs: 3 Trillion 34.92 billion . # THE FIFTHTEEN PLAN ( 2019 - 2023 ) National objective : • To provide easily accessible, qualitative and modern infrastructure, productive employment high sustainable inclusive economic growth through poverty alleviation. • To provide qualitative heath and healthy environment, social justice, accountable social service. • To protect the national benefit of democracy. sovereignty and ensure social economic transformation for a strong economic foundation.

21. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING : Economic development Poverty alleviation Resource management Infrastructure development Urbanization management Disaster risk reduction Environmental conservation Tourism development Social welfare Governance and institutional strengthening Regional development Agriculture and food security Infrastructure connectivity Human capital development Gender equality and social inclusion Cultural preservation Public health Energy security Private sector development International cooperation

22. CHALLENGES OF PLANNING IN NEPAL : 1.Political instability 2.Geographical terrain 3.Limited resources 4.Corruption 5. Natural disasters 6.Poor infrastructure 7.Limited institutional capacity 8.Social and cultural factors 9.Dependency on foreign aid 10.Climate change.

23. NATIONAL STRATEGY National strategy or action plans are strategic plans designed by government to guide action over a specific period of time and towards the fulfillment of a policy objective. Current year plan is the 15 th plan which is also the first development plan formulated by the Federal Government of Nepal. Its long term-vision is : “ Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali.” Objectives: • Build modern infrastructure for prosperity • Strengthen federal administration for citizen welfare • Preserve national dignity and independence through socio-economic transformation.

24. Long term National objectives : Prosperity 1. Accessible modern infrastructure and intensive connectivity. 2. Development and full utilization of human capital potentials 3. High and sustainable production and productivity. 4. High and equitable national income. Happiness 1. Well-being and decent life. 2. Safe, civilized and just society. 3. Healthy and balanced environment. 4. Good governance. 5. Comprehensive democracy. 6. National unity, security and dignity. Source: Government of Nepal, National Planning Commission (2019). Fifteenth Plan (F.Y. 2076/77 - 2080/81). Approach paper, Singha-durbar, Kathmandu

25. National Strategy The following are the major national strategies: 1. To achieve fast, sustainable and employment-oriented economic growth. 2. To ensure accessible and quality health service and education. 3. To develop internal and inter-country inter-connectivity and sustainable city settlement. 4. To increase production and productivity. 5. To provide comprehensive, sustainable and productive social security and protection. 6. To build a just society with poverty reduction and socio economic equality. 7. To promote the protection and mobilization of natural resources. 8. To strengthen public service, provincial balance and promote national unity.

26. SOLUTION 1. Good Governance 2. Data-driven Decision Making 3. Communication and Transparency Overcoming challenges in planned development of a state requires a comprehensive approach to achieve its objectives which requires careful planning, implementation and monitoring & various factors:

27. 4. Resource Allocation 5. Strategic Planning 6. Policy Co-ordination

28. 7. Capacity Building By addressing these aspects holistically, planners can navigate the complexities of planned development more effectively. 8. Public Participation 9. Monitoring and Evaluation